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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Showing 1 to 2 of 2 (0.022 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"pharm alsheikh"" "subject:"pharm elsheikh""
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Hållbar turism i charterparadiset : en studie av Sharm el SheikhKaufmann, Mirja, Jakobsson, Patrik January 2012 (has links)
Denna studie syftar till, ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv, att ge en djupare förståelse för hur turismen har påverkat destinationen Sharm el Sheikh i Egypten. Studiens resultat visar att destinationen Sharm el Sheikh har påverkats i stor omfattning av turismen, inom den socio- kulturella sektorn, den ekonomiska sektorn och miljösektorn, samtliga av de tre områden som enligt FN är definitionen av hållbar turism. Inom den socio- kulturella sektorn finns det flera problem; den bakomliggande orsaken till många av dessa problem är att ursprungsbefolkningen känner sig förbisedda och inte har getts möjlighet till att påverka utvecklingen av destinationen i en önskvärd omfattning. Den positiva påverkan turismen har haft på den socio- kulturella sektorn är en ökad förståelse för den lokala kulturen. Den största negativa effekten på den ekonomiska sektorn, av turismen på Sharm el Sheikh, har visat sig vara att 97 procent av intäkterna försvinner ut ur destinationen genom ett så kallat läckage. Detta beror främst på att det är utländska ägare av hotellen och all-inclusive anläggningarna. Den egyptiska staten har försökt att minska detta läckage genom att införa en lag som säger att en egyptier måste äga minst 49 procent av företaget, detta tycks dock inte ha gett önskat effekt utan istället har vissa egyptier agerat som målvakter mot en fast ersättning istället för ägandeskap i företagen. De miljömässiga problemen som turismen orsakat i Sharm el Sheikh är också flera. Slitaget på den marina miljön, vilket för många turister är en stor reseanledning till destinationen, är en ut av de största. Det har visat sig att turismen orsakar ett stort slitage på miljön genom förstörelse av korallreven, överfiske, sopor och utsläpp. För att bidra med kunskap till hur det påverkat just destinationen Sharm el Sheikh har dels fem intervjuer genomförts med människor som alla koppling till destinationen samt har litteratur och tidigare forskning använts även här. / This study aims to, from a sustainable perspective; contribute to a deeper understanding of how tourism has affected the destination Sharm el Sheikh in Egypt. The result show that the destination has been affected to a large extent by tourism, within the socio cultural sector, the economic sector and the environmental sector, all within the UN’s definition of sustainable tourism. Within the socio cultural sector there are several problems; the main one behind many of which is that the indigenous people feel they have not been given the possibility to affect the destination as much as they would have wanted. The positive effect that tourism has had to the socio cultural sector is a greater understanding for the local culture. The largest affect in the economic sector, by the tourism in Sharm el Sheikh, has turned out to be that 97 percent of the income made by tourists disappears from the destination because of a so called leakage, the main reason being the foreign owners of the hotels and the all-inclusive establishments. The Egyptian government has tried to reduce this leakage by introducing a law that at least 49 percent of each company is owned by an Egyptian, although this does not appear to have given the wanted effect. Instead some Egyptians act like goalkeeper’s for a fixed fee instead of a real ownership within the companies. The environmental problems caused by tourism in Sharm el Sheikh is also several. The wear on the marine environment, which is a common reason to travel for many to the destination, is one of the largest. Tourism causes an excessive wear on the environment by destroying coral reefs, over fishing, solid waste and emissions. To contribute knowledge to how it affected the destination Sharm el Sheikh, five interviews were conducted with people who all have a connection to destination, and also literature and previous research has been used.
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Sovereignty, Peacekeeping, and the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF), Suez 1956-1967: Insiders’ PerspectivesHilmy, Hanny 13 February 2015 (has links)
This research is concerned with the complex and contested relationship between the sovereign prerogatives of states and the international imperative of defusing world conflicts. Due to its historical setting following World War Two, the national vs. international staking of claims was framed within the escalating imperial-nationalist confrontation and the impending “end of empire”, both of which were significantly influenced by the role Israel played in this saga. The research looks at the issue of “decolonization” and the anti-colonial struggle waged under the leadership of Egypt’s President Nasser. The Suez War is analyzed as the historical event that signaled the beginning of the final chapter in the domination of the European empires in the Middle East (sub-Saharan decolonization followed beginning in the early 1960s), and the emergence of the United States as the new major Western power in the Middle East.
The Suez experience highlighted a stubborn contest between the defenders of the concept of “sovereign consent” and the advocates of “International intervention”. Both the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) and its termination were surrounded by controversy and legal-political wrangling. The role of UNEF and UN peacekeeping operations in general framed the development of a new concept for an emerging international human rights law and crisis management. The UNEF experience, moreover, brought into sharp relief the need for a conflict resolution component for any peace operation. International conflict management, and human rights protection are both subject to an increasing interventionist international legal regime. Consequently, the traditional concept of “sovereignty” is facing increasing challenge.
By its very nature, the subject matter of this multi-dimensional research involves historical, political and international legal aspects shaping the research’s content and conclusions. The research utilizes the experience and contributions of several key participants in this pioneering peacekeeping experience. In the last chapter, recommendations are made –based on all the elements covered in the research- to suggest contributions to the evolving UN ground rules for international crisis intervention and management. / Graduate / hilmyh@uvic.ca
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