Orthodontic attachments must be able to bond to a wide range of tooth and prosthetic surfaces. Despite the high prevalence of fluorosis in many parts of South Africa (Louw A, Chikte U 1997), only limited information is available on the integrity of the bond between orthodontic brackets and fluorosed teeth. The objective of this study was to measure and compare Shear Bond Strengths (SBSs) of metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets on fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth. One hundred and twenty (60 fluorosed and 60 non-fluorosed) extracted premolar teeth were divided into four groups A to D, consisting of 30 teeth in each group. BluGloo® was used as an orthodontic adhesive to bond brackets on the buccal surface of each tooth. The experimental groups consisted of Group A, in which Nu-Edge® metal brackets were used and Group B, in which InspireIce® ceramic brackets were bonded to fluorosed teeth. Group C and D consisted of Nu-Edge® metal brackets and InspireIce® ceramic respectively, bonded to non-fluorosed teeth. Bonding techniques were kept the same and standardised for all four groups. An Instron testing device was used to debond and measure the SBSs. SBSs were compared using ANOVA with posthoc analysis done using Dunnett’s C test for pairwise comparisons. Significance was set at P<0.05. The results showed that SBS of Group B>Group C>Group D>Group A. Ceramic brackets bonded to fluorosed teeth had the highest SBS with a mean of 15.78 (SD=9.07) Megapascals (MPa), while metal brackets bonded to fluorosed teeth produced the lowest SBS of 8.41 (SD=4.68) MPa. The SBSs of ceramic brackets bonded to fluorosed teeth was significantly higher than that of SBS of metal brackets bonded to fluorosed teeth, but not significantly different from SBSs obtained from either brackets bonded to non-flurosed teeth. The BluGloo adhesive if used to bond ceramic brackets to fluorosed teeth can produce adequate SBS for clinical use. The recommendation from this study is that ceramic brackets can be used efficiently to bond to fluorosed teeth. A follow up study should be carried out to assess the nature of enamel damage caused during debonding of flourosed teeth. This is a laboratory study and thus the clinical application should be interpreted with caution. / Dissertation (MChD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Orthodontics / MChD / Unrestricted

Objectifs : Le but de travail est d'étudier les possibles variations des propriétés physiques et chimiques en rapport avec l’usinage et les effets de l’irradiation avec des lasers CO2 et Nd:YAP. Il s’agit d’évaluer l’étanchéité de cet assemblage par micro-infiltration d’un biofilm mono bactérien par une technique FISH. Méthodes : Les tests d’évaluation ont été : la micro dureté, le cisaillement, la rugosité, la mouillabilité et l’EDS. 60 échantillons de 2 céramiques (les disilicates de Lithium et les Zircones) ont été soumises aux différents test. Pour le test d’étanchéité : Six couronnes de chacune des céramiques ont été exposées à biofilm de Streptococcus Salivarius pendant 10j. FISH a été appliquée pour marquer les infiltrations bactériennes observées en microscopie confocale. La résistance au cisaillement (p.=0,014 S) est significativement différente entre les échantillons irradiés et non irradiés. La mouillabilité superficielle partielle est bonne pour les 2 types de céramique. Les surfaces irradiées au Laser CO2 sont plus rugueuses pour les deux céramiques. La micro dureté de Li irradiée au CO2 a augmenté (6,32 GPa). Aucune élévation notable de température sur les 2 types de céramique. Le test d’étanchéité s’est avéré positif à la jonction cervicale couronne /dent. Conclusion : Les lasers CO2 et Nd: YAP modifient les forces de cisaillement et les surfaces des céramiques sans en modifier la composition chimique. L'irradiation au laser CO2 semble augmenter la résistance au cisaillement, la rugosité de la surface, la micro dureté et la mouillabilité des 2 types de céramique. L'irradiation des couronnes usinées au laser CO2 semble amélioré l’étanchéité de l’assemblage collé. / The purpose is to study the physical and chemical properties of CAD/CAM ceramics irradiated with CO2 and Nd:YAP lasers and to evaluate surface adhesion of ceramic crowns by microleakage test with a mono bacterial biofilm and a FISH technique. Methods : Evaluations tests were: Micro hardness, roughness, surface wettability, shear bond strength and EDS. 60 samples Two ceramics used: lithium disilicate and zirconia ceramics were prepared for different test. For microleakage test:Six ceramics crowns of different ceramics were contaminated with a Streptococcus salivarius biofilm for 10 d. Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique was applied samples were examined with confocal laser microscope. Results: Shear bond test showed significant difference between irradiated and non irradiated (p. value= 0,014 S). Partial superficial wettability was observed for the two ceramics. In micro hardness test, CO2 at 5 W increased micro hardness of lithium disilicate ceramics with significant value (6,32 GPa). SEM showed rough surface in all groups. EDS did not modify the chemical composition of tested ceramics. No significant rise in temperature could be recorded on both types of ceramic.The micro leakage test of a mono-bacterial biofilm was positive at the crown / tooth cervical junction. Conclusion: CO2 and Nd: YAP lasers modify CAD/CAM ceramic surfaces without chemical composition modifications. CO2 irradiation increase shear bond strength, surface roughness, micro hardness and made CAD/CAM ceramics hydrophilic. Irradiation with CO2 laser seems to improve surface adhesion and decrease bacterial microleakage.

A thesis submitted to the College of Dental Medicine of Nova Southeastern University of the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry. Objective: The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effect of enamel deproteinization on the shear bond strength(SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with a resin modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) adhesive and a composite resin, 2) to determine the mode of bond failure according to the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and 3) to evaluate the effect of these adhesives in the prevention of white spot lesions (WSLs). Background: WSLs are a concern for orthodontic patients. RMGI orthodontic adhesives are capable of absorbing fluoride from the oral environment and releasing it continuously over time, however, they are not frequently used as they exhibit low SBS. Techniques such as non-invasive enamel deproteinization with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite prior to acid etching rid the surface of organic components and have the potential to enhance the etching pattern. Methods: Eighty-eight extracted bovine incisors were randomly divided into two groups. 48 incisors in group (A) underwent SBS testing, through debonding of brackets with the Universal Testing Machine and subsequent measurement of the ARI. 40 incisors in group (B) underwent demineralization testing by measuring the depth of WSLs formed after exposure to an acidic challenge for 96 hours. In groups A and B, the teeth were divided to have brackets bonded with GC Fuji ORTHO™ LC adhesive or Transbond™ XT adhesive and a self-etching primer. Each adhesive group had an experimental group receiving the intervention of enamel deproteinization prior to etching and bonding and a control group. Results: The highest mean SBS was observed in the Transbond™ XT control group (12.48 ± 6.23 MPa) and the lowest mean SBS was observed in the Fuji ORTHO™ experimental group (5.49 ± 2.97 MPa). ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey tests revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the SBS of both Fuji ORTHO™ groups compared to the Transbond™ XT control group. A significantly greater percentage of Transbond™ XT control teeth had an ARI score of 0 and a greater percentage of Fuji ORTHO™ experimental teeth had an ARI score of 3. The Transbond™ XT experimental group had the largest average demineralization lesions (62.97 ± 10.95 micrometers). The smallest lesion depths were found in the Fuji ORTHO™ groups, with an average of 7.74 micrometers in the experimental group and 6.57 micrometers in the control group. ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey tests revealed significant differences (p<0.001) in the depth of white spot lesions when comparing both composite resin groups to each other, and when each glass ionomer group was compared to each composite resin group. Conclusions: Enamel deproteinization did not increase the SBS of orthodontic brackets bonded with either Fuji ORTHO™ adhesive or Transbond™ XT adhesive. However, according to the ARI, more bond failures occurred at the bracket-adhesive interface in the Fuji ORTHO™ experimental group. Also, both Fuji ORTHO™ adhesive groups showed greater protection against enamel demineralization, when compared to the Transbond™ XT adhesive groups.

The strength and behavior of composite slabs are governed by the shear interaction between the concrete and the steel deck. The interaction property depends on several factors and it is not possible to express the relationship from a purely analytical basis. As such, analysis and design methods available today use the interaction property derived from full scale performance tests. In numerical modeling, the interaction property is obtained from a variety of elemental push off tests which, for the most part, do not represent actual slab bending. This research comprises experimental, analytical and numerical investigations of composite slabs. The central objective of the experimental work is to develop a new small scale test method for evaluating the performance and behavior of composite slabs and also for determining the shear interaction property for use in numerical analysis. The characteristics of the new test specimen are simple, easy and economical to conduct, as well as comparable in performance and behavior with the more common full slab test. The analytical study was conducted to determine whether data from small scale tests can be used in the present analytical methods to predict the strength of the actual slabs, to use the same test data for input in the numerical analysis, and to improve the present Partial Shear Connection (PSC) design procedure. A model that relates the shear bond stress to slab slenderness, which can be used to estimate the shear interaction property for slabs with any slenderness, was developed. Finally, a finite element study was conducted to develop a simple modeling method that is suitable for analyzing composite slabs with variable slenderness. Parametric analyses to determine the effect of slenderness on the performance and behavior of composite slabs, and on the accuracy of the present design methods were also conducted. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the small scale test is feasible as a replacement for the full scale test. Data from the small scale test can be used not only in the analytical methods but also in the numerical analysis, thus eliminating the need for separate push off type tests. / Ph. D.

The effect on shear bond strength of bracket movement after seating the brackets and before light curing has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of linear and rotational pre-cure bracket movement on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. 100 extracted human maxillary premolars were divided into 5 groups of 20 teeth each. The control group was bonded with no pre-cure bracket movement, and test groups were bonded with pre-cure bracket movement of 2 mm, 4 mm, 45¢ª or 180¢ª. Debonding force was measured with an Instron universal testing machine. Results were analyzed by ANOVA. Weibull survival analysis was used to determine the force required to produce a 5% bracket failure rate. Differences in the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were analyzed by chi-square. No significant differences between groups were found for the mean shear bond strength or Weibull estimates. ARI scores differed significantly.

Objetivos: O propósito deste estudo foi o de avaliar, quanto à resistência ao cisalhamento, o comportamento de quatro sistemas adesivos, Adper Single Bond 2, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Magic Bond DE e Self Etch Bond em função das faces vestibulares e linguais e da profundidade da dentina. Material e Método: Quarenta terceiros molares extraídos tiveram suas raízes removidas e as coroas seccionadas no sentido mésio-distal. As faces vestibulares e linguais foram incluídas em anel de PVC/resina acrílica e divididas em grupos, um vestibular e um lingual para cada adesivo selecionado. Para se avaliar as diferentes profundidades de dentina, os mesmos corpos-de-prova preparados para a avaliação da resistência adesiva da camada superficial foram utilizados. Os espécimes foram então identificados e desgastados, posterior e seqüencialmente, para as profundidades de 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0mm. Cada profundidade foi avaliada por meio do método de cisalhamento ISO TR 11405, usando uma máquina universal de testes (EMIC-2000), regulada a 0,5mm/minuto e célula de carga de 200 Kgf. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística de variância (Testes ANOVA, Tukey e Scheffé). Resultados: Houve diferença estatística significante (p<0,01) para dois fatores de variação (adesivo e profundidade) e para a interação adesivo x profundidade (p<0,01). O adesivo Adper Single Bond 2, apresentou maiores valores em relação aos outros três adesivos. O adesivo Adper Prompt L-Pop, autocondicionante teve valores maiores que o adesivo autocondicionante e também o de condicionamento total da Vigodent. Enquanto que, o Self Etch Bond, apresentou os menores valores de resistência adesiva ao cisalhamento em relação aos demais sistemas adesivos. Conclusões: Baseado nestes achados pode-se concluir que a resistência ao cisalhamento da dentina é dependente do sistema adesivo utilizado, da profundidade do substrato e da interação entre estes dois fatores. / Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentin shear bond strength of four adhesive systems: Adper Single Bond 2, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Magic Bond DE and Self Etch Bond related to buccal and lingual surfaces and dentin depth. Material and Methods: Fourty extracted third molars had the roots removed and the crowns bisected on the mesio-distal direction. The buccal and lingual surfaces were included in PVC/acrylic resin ring and divided into buccal and lingual groups to each selected adhesives. The same specimens prepared to evaluation of superficial shear resistance were used in order to evaluate the different depths of dentin. The specimens were identified and abraded at depths of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0mm. Each depth was evaluated by ISO TR 11405, using an EMIC-2000 machine regulated at 0.5mm/min and 200 Kgf of cell load. The results were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA, Tukey and Scheffé Tests). Results: Data showed statistical differences to adhesive and depth variation factors (p<0,01) and to adhesive/depth (p<0,01) interaction. The Adper Single Bond 2 showed highest mean values of shear bond strength. The Adper Prompt L-Pop, a self-etching adhesive, showed higher mean values compared to Magic Bond DE and Self Etch Bond, a total and self etching adhesives, respectivelly. Conclusions: Based on these findings it can be concluded that the shear bond strength of dentin is dependent on material (adhesive system), substrate depth and the adhesive/depth interaction.

Objetivos: O propósito deste estudo foi o de avaliar, quanto à resistência ao cisalhamento, o comportamento de quatro sistemas adesivos, Adper Single Bond 2, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Magic Bond DE e Self Etch Bond em função das faces vestibulares e linguais e da profundidade da dentina. Material e Método: Quarenta terceiros molares extraídos tiveram suas raízes removidas e as coroas seccionadas no sentido mésio-distal. As faces vestibulares e linguais foram incluídas em anel de PVC/resina acrílica e divididas em grupos, um vestibular e um lingual para cada adesivo selecionado. Para se avaliar as diferentes profundidades de dentina, os mesmos corpos-de-prova preparados para a avaliação da resistência adesiva da camada superficial foram utilizados. Os espécimes foram então identificados e desgastados, posterior e seqüencialmente, para as profundidades de 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0mm. Cada profundidade foi avaliada por meio do método de cisalhamento ISO TR 11405, usando uma máquina universal de testes (EMIC-2000), regulada a 0,5mm/minuto e célula de carga de 200 Kgf. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística de variância (Testes ANOVA, Tukey e Scheffé). Resultados: Houve diferença estatística significante (p<0,01) para dois fatores de variação (adesivo e profundidade) e para a interação adesivo x profundidade (p<0,01). O adesivo Adper Single Bond 2, apresentou maiores valores em relação aos outros três adesivos. O adesivo Adper Prompt L-Pop, autocondicionante teve valores maiores que o adesivo autocondicionante e também o de condicionamento total da Vigodent. Enquanto que, o Self Etch Bond, apresentou os menores valores de resistência adesiva ao cisalhamento em relação aos demais sistemas adesivos. Conclusões: Baseado nestes achados pode-se concluir que a resistência ao cisalhamento da dentina é dependente do sistema adesivo utilizado, da profundidade do substrato e da interação entre estes dois fatores. / Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentin shear bond strength of four adhesive systems: Adper Single Bond 2, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Magic Bond DE and Self Etch Bond related to buccal and lingual surfaces and dentin depth. Material and Methods: Fourty extracted third molars had the roots removed and the crowns bisected on the mesio-distal direction. The buccal and lingual surfaces were included in PVC/acrylic resin ring and divided into buccal and lingual groups to each selected adhesives. The same specimens prepared to evaluation of superficial shear resistance were used in order to evaluate the different depths of dentin. The specimens were identified and abraded at depths of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0mm. Each depth was evaluated by ISO TR 11405, using an EMIC-2000 machine regulated at 0.5mm/min and 200 Kgf of cell load. The results were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA, Tukey and Scheffé Tests). Results: Data showed statistical differences to adhesive and depth variation factors (p<0,01) and to adhesive/depth (p<0,01) interaction. The Adper Single Bond 2 showed highest mean values of shear bond strength. The Adper Prompt L-Pop, a self-etching adhesive, showed higher mean values compared to Magic Bond DE and Self Etch Bond, a total and self etching adhesives, respectivelly. Conclusions: Based on these findings it can be concluded that the shear bond strength of dentin is dependent on material (adhesive system), substrate depth and the adhesive/depth interaction.

The aim and objective of this study was to determine the bond strength of a twostep and a single-step dentin bonding agent and to determine the effect of repeated thermal-cycling from 50C and 550C on the bond strength values of these dentin bonding agents.

The aim and objective of this study was to determine the bond strength of a twostep and a single-step dentin bonding agent and to determine the effect of repeated thermal-cycling from 50C and 550C on the bond strength values of these dentin bonding agents.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bertoz_apm_me_araca.pdf: 3969582 bytes, checksum: bceb452a18ac260c5d9321687a89fc4b (MD5) / Os recentes materiais de colagem dos acessórios ortodônticos têm visado reduzir o tempo de trabalho do clínico, simplificando o procedimento do condicionamento ácido por meio dos sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes. Todavia, as qualidades adesivas desses materiais ainda demandam ser avaliada. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a resistência às forças de compressão de três sistemas adesivos. Cento e oitenta incisivos inferiores bovinos foram seccionados e incluídos em matrizes de resina acrílica, nos quais acessórios ortodônticos foram colados com os sistemas Transbond XT (2 grupos de 30), Transbond XT Plus Self Etching Primer (2 grupos de 30) e Tyrian (2 grupos de 30). Para cada sistema, os testes de resistência foram realizados imediatamente (30 dentes) e 24 horas (30 dentes) após a colagem, em uma máquina de ensaio Versat 2000 (Pantec), utilizando célula de carga de 500 Kgf com uma velocidade de 1mm/minuto, de acordo com a literatura. Os sistemas convencional Transbond XT, Transbond XT Self Etching Primer e Tyrian apresentaram, respectivamente, valor médio de resistência à compressão de 7,43, 7,09 e 3,41 MPa no tempo imediatamente após a colagem, e 7,42, 8,81, 5,35 MPa no tempo 24 horas após a colagem, sendo as diferenças estatísticas significantes ao nível de 5% entre os grupos Tyrian e Transbond para ambos os tempos de estudo. Concluiu-se que o material Tyrian apresentou resistência à compressão significativamente inferior em relação aos grupos Transbond que foram similares. / Recent orthodontic bonding materials have aimed to reduce the working time of the clinician, by simplifying the acid etching procedure by applying self-etching primer adhesive systems. However, the adhesion quality of these materials still demands investigation. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the bond strengths of three different adhesive systems. A hundred and eighty bovine lower incisors were cut and embebbed in acrylic resin matrices, in which orthodontic brackets were bonded with Transbond XT (2n = 60), Transbond XT Self Etching Primer (2n = 60) e Tyrian (2n = 60). For each composite, bond strength tests were executed immediately (n = 30) and 24 hours (n = 30) after the bonding, in the assay machine Versat 2000 (Pantec), by applying 500 Kgf of load at 1mm/min of velocity. Transbond XT, Transbond XT Self Etching Primer and Tyrian presented, respectively, average values of bond strength of 7.43, 7.09 and 3.41 MPa at the time immediately, and 7.42, 8.81 and 5.35 MPa at 24 hours after the bonding, where differences were statistically significant at 5% between Tyrian and Transbond groups at both observation times. It was concluded that Tyrian was the material that presented significant lower bond strength with regard to Transbond groups that were similar.