Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Special report entitled : Lighting and water. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Background Shelter employees of the Victoria Cool Aid Society (VCAS) work with clients living with or at risk of contracting, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). The purpose of this thesis is to assess whether the VCAS shelter staff need further HIV/AIDS and HCV education to support shelter clients. Methods A two-part (A and B) survey consisting of 70 questions asked 38 Emergency Support Workers to: A) rate their ability (expertise) to answer HIV/AIDS and HCV related questions, and B) identify which questions contain important knowledge to know for their work. Staff were recruited via Posters on bulletin boards around shelters sites as well as an email, and two follow up emails, informing staff about the survey. The survey explored the following subjects: 1) HIV/AIDS (12 questions), 2) Hep C (11 questions), 3) Health and Substance Use (3 questions), 4) Protocol (3 questions), and 5) Community Agencies (6 questions). From this format, it was possible to assess where staff felt their knowledge levels could use improvement (low and medium knowledge levels) and what topics they felt important to know for their work (high importance to know). These two parts of the survey, together, were then used to determine questions to include in a future training course i.e. questions were staff reported low or medium knowledge levels and high importance to know. Results Results for each of the five sections showing both lower levels of knowledge (expertise) and higher knowledge importance, were as follows: 1) HIV/AIDS: 8 out of 12 questions, 2) HCV: 10 out of 11 questions, 3) Health and Substance Use: 1 out of 3 questions, 4) Protocol: 3 out of 3 questions, and 5) Community Agencies: 3 out of 6 questions. Survey results were delivered via Power Point presentation to management of the Victoria Cool Aid Society using simple graphs and charts to describe easily the findings to stakeholders. The presentation emphasised that staff overall are in need of specific HIV/AIDS and HCV education. Conclusion Emergency shelter workers are in need of HIV/AIDS and HCV education. The results can inform a HIV/AIDS and HCV educational course for VCAS shelter staff. / Graduate

Esta pesquisa está voltada para o abrigo, modalidade de acolhimento institucional para crianças e adolescentes privados temporariamente do convívio familiar. Desenhada como estudo institucional de um caso, visa ao traçado da subjetividade de um garoto, Fernando, 14 anos, em sua fala sobre si e nas falas a seu respeito. Analisa os discursos, em entrevistas, de: Fernando, seu pai e agentes institucionais do abrigo (duas educadoras, um psicólogo e duas voluntárias), da escola (três professoras) e da Vara da Infância e da Juventude (a psicóloga responsável pelo caso). O método é o de Análise Institucional do Discurso, proposto por Guirado (2010), como analítica da subjetividade; organiza-se em torno dos conceitos de instituição, discurso, sujeito e análise, e operacionaliza a articulação entre o singular e as relações institucionais. As análises das entrevistas foram conduzidas considerando o modo de organização das falas, para configurar os lugares assumidos e atribuídos nas relações que se fazem em seus discursos. Na análise da entrevista de Fernando se configuraram suas necessidades de atendimento, tratadas no interjogo com os discursos de seu pai e dos agentes institucionais. Fernando põe-se como herói solitário e o pai é alçado a principal artífice do impasse que se cria com relação ao tornar-se homem. Ao mesmo tempo, identifica o psicólogo e o gestor do abrigo como sua referência. Em seu discurso, o pai, como um viajante solitário, reconhece no abrigo o melhor para o filho. O psicólogo não identifica em seu fazer uma referência para Fernando. Ressalta-se uma remessa constante de uns a outros no posto de referência em que Fernando, em princípio, os coloca: uma busca em que Fernando mira um, que mira outro, que mira novamente para fora da relação com ele, no atendimento às demandas de ser (homem) na vida. Destaca-se, ainda, que no discurso institucional o pai é falado em sua negatividade: suas carências e seus desvios. Isso se imprime com tal força que acaba por decalcar o pai em Fernando. Na entrevista de Fernando configura-se uma espécie de negligência em que os contornos do saber-fazer não se desenham. No contexto da instituição-abrigo, ora Fernando é cerceado em ações que estariam dentro de seu alcance, ora é legitimado em um exercício de poder que exerce só, por critérios pessoais. No contexto escolar, as características de Fernando, identificadas pelas professoras, entram em estratégias diferentes, e se produz ora um aluno de destaque, por apresentar mais conhecimento, participação e contribuição em aula do que os demais alunos, ora um aluno-disfarce, burro e esperto. A relação de Fernando com a transgressão/agressão surge em referência à imagem ridicularizada do pai, às normas institucionais e à morte, e o contexto escolar é posicionado como ocasião privilegiada para tal aprendizagem. Nesse contexto, essas ações são tratadas com sua expulsão de sala e/ou com mediações de outras instâncias, fora da relação em que a transgressão/agressão acontece. Fernando coloca sua proteção em sua dependência. Nas práticas institucionais não se estabelecem relações que sustentem, com ele, sua proteção / This research focuses on the shelter, modality of institutional reception for children and teenagers temporarily deprived of familiar conviviality. Drawn as institutional study of a case, it aims to the tracing of a boys subjectivity, Fernando, 14 years old, on his speech about himself and on others speech about him. It analyses the discourses, on interviews, of: Fernando, his father and institutional agents of the shelter (two educators, a psychologist e two volunteers), of the school (three teachers) and of the Children and Juvenile Court (the psychologist in charge of the case). The method is that of Institutional Discourse Analysis, proposed by Guirado (2010) as analytic of subjectivity; it organizes around the concepts of institution, discourse, subject and analysis, and operationalizes the articulation between the singular and the institutional relationships. The analyses of the interviews were conducted considering the mode of organization of speeches, to set the places assumed and attributed on relations that are made on their discourses. On the analyses of the interview with Fernando his needs of treatment are configured, treated in the interplay with the discourses of his father and of the institutional agents. Fernando puts himself as a solitary hero and the father is elevated as the main architect of the impasse created in respect to becoming a man. At the same time, he identifies the psychologist and the shelters manager as his reference. In his discourse, the father, as a solitary traveler, recognizes in the shelter the best for his son. The psychologist doesnt identify in his doing a reference for Fernando. It is noteworthy a constant referral from one to another on the reference post where Fernando, at first, places them: a search in which Fernando targets one, who targets another, who targets again outside the relationship with him, at the meeting of the demands of being (man) in life. It is also noteworthy that in the institutional discourse the father is referred of for his negativity: his shortages and deviations. That imprints itself with such strength that it ends up bringing up the father in Fernando. On Fernandos interview a sort of negligence configures itself in which the contours of knowing-doing are not drawn. In the context of the institution-shelter, sometimes Fernando is curtailed in actions that would be on his reach, sometimes he his legitimated in a power exercise that he exercises by himself using personal criteria. In the school context, Fernandos characteristics, identified by the teachers, enter different strategies, and produce sometimes an outstanding student, for presenting more knowledge, participation and contribution in class than the other students, and other times a student-disguise, dumb and smart. Fernandos relationship with transgression/aggression arises in reference to the ridiculed image of the father, to the institutional norms and to death, and the school context is positioned as a privileged occasion for such learning. In this context, those actions are treated with his expulsion from class and/or with mediations of other instances, outside the relation in which the transgression/aggression occurs. Fernando places his protection on his dependency. On institutional practices relationships are not established which sustain with him his protection

Human beings of all cultures build some form of shelter, and the global distribution of Homo sapiens depends on this basic trait. All great apes (chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan) build analogous structures (called nests or beds) at least once a day throughout their adult lives, which suggests that this elementary technology was present before the hominid lines separated. This thesis investigates the variability and function of specifically wild chimpanzee shelters. I compared characteristics of chimpanzee nests, nesting trees, nest shape, and architecture in two savanna-dwelling populations on opposite sides of Africa: Fongoli, Senegal, and Issa, Tanzania. Savanna habitats are the most extreme habitats in which chimpanzees survive today, and may represent a similar environment to that in which early hominins evolved in the Plio-Pleistocene (Chapter 2). Investigating variation in nest-building within and between these two extreme habitats made it possible to tackle hypotheses of the shelter function of nests (Chapter 3).The influence of environment, specifically the role of protection from disease vectors and fluctuating temperatures, was assessed through a novel experiment in which I slept overnight in arboreal chimpanzee nests and on the bare earth (Chapter 4). To assess whether or not nests serve as an anti-predation function, I compared nesting in Issa, where predators are abundant, to Fongoli, where they are absent (Chapter 5). I provided further support for the thermoregulatory function of nests by showing that chimpanzees build more insulating nests in adverse weather conditions (Chapter 6).Nest-building is a learned behaviour, but its ontogeny is little known. I investigated social sources of variation in nest building in Fongoli to examine whether sex and age differences exist in nest building duration, nest position, shape and architecture (Chapter 7). Finally, ecosystem engineering is a consequence of animal construction, from ants to humans. I investigated use-wear traces around nests to assess niche construction of nest- building. I showed that chimpanzees repeatedly re-used these specific nest-spots within trees, which are pre-fabricated for future building through repeated pruning and shaping of these structures (Chapter 8).Nest building in great apes may be the foundation of constructivity in hominids. This thesis describes proximate functions and influences on nest-building variation in wild chimpanzees that help to model the evolution of shelter in hominids.

Homeless children are often a hidden part of the society, though their need visible in plain sight, regarded as those that exist on the edge, perceived as shadows within society, often living in learnt fear. The intent of this dissertation is to discover how architecture can be used to convey a sense of security and stability, while providing the user with a sense of identity. That through the architecture, one can understand themselves within a space, and how space can allow them to live individually and collectively with others. The Programme of a shelter for Child-Headed families, seeks to explore the value of a shelter within an urban fabric, as a space that provides a semi-permanent solution to children who have experienced loss, and are in vulnerable situations. Exploring the notion of homelessness as far more than just a lack of shelter or having no place to sleep but advancing an opportunity to improve the lives of this socially excluded group, through architecture that speaks to identity, social inclusion and creating a sense of place. Exploring the value of a shelter within an urban fabric, as a space that engages the socio-spatial concepts, to create spaces and environments that are inclusive, and yet exclusive enough to create a haven of safety for its user, which they can identify with. / Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Architecture / MArch (Prof) / Unrestricted

Syftet med vår studie är undersöka och få en allsidig belysning kring ett lågtröskelboende, som vi har valt att namnge som DD. Vi vill undersöka kring hur personalen går till väga för att uppnå funktionen och målet med verksamheten. Detta är en studie som ha en kvalitativ metod som ansats, därav baseras på sex stycken halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Vi kommer i studien ge en kort redogörelse kring verksamheten. DD är en verksamhet som erbjuder plats för hemlösa personer som har en omfattande problematik bakom sig, där många har blivit utslussade från härbärge till härbärge, boende till boende. Personalen ger de boende en chans till att finna vägen tillbaka till en fungerande vardag.Nyckelord: hemlikhet, hemlöshet, lågtröskelboende och trygghet. / The objective of this study is to investigate and make a comprehensive analysis of a particular shelter, which we refer to as DD. We want to investigate how the staff go about achieving the goals and purposes with the service.. This study uses qualitative methods in the format of six semi-structured interviews. In this study, we will give a short description of the services of DD, which offers homeless people a short-term housing solution. The subjects of the shelter have problematic backgrounds having been excluded from previous shelters, and being transferred between different housing solutions. The staff at DD give the tenants a chance to find their way back to a well-functioning life.

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Utilizing institutional ethnography and a critical analysis, this thesis explicates the textually-mediated process and ruling relations of performance measurement data collection in emergency homeless shelters. The thesis aimed to answer the query of whether the performance measurements collected by a set of programs, within a non-profit social service, adequately captured the full contribution of the work the staff did at their respective emergency shelter. Using literature, that has captured the experiences and insights of frontline workers who feel their work is inadequately captured, as a launch pad, this study spoke to informants who are directly involved in the creation of data collection tools and the reporting of the output and outcome performance measurements. How were these tools created? Who influences the development of the tools? Are some performance indicators (i.e. outputs, quality assurance, outcomes) measured more frequently or thoroughly than others? What are some of the barriers to measuring performance indicators? The study is based on five one-to-one semi-structured interviews, with informants working for a non-profit social service in Southern Ontario, and an analysis of the data collection tools used to compile performance measurements. The purpose of this research is to help social services, especially those that focus on addressing homelessness, improve the tools used to collect statistics on service so as to better articulate the breadth of work done by these services. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW)

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