TITLE: The Psychological Aspects of the Life in a Shelter AUTHOR: PhDr. Roman Čepelák DEPARTMENT: Katedra psychologie SUPERVISOR: Doc. PhDr. Miloš Kučera, CSc. ABSTRACT: The master thesis explores, by analytic way, the life of clients in shelter for families with children. The thesis describes the specific shelter home in Prague - Horní Pocernice and observes its specifics in a context of other shelters. It maps the target group of users, who are mostly clients from Roma population. The thesis aims at clients' motives to live in a shelter, their coping with shelter norms and their adjustment of shelter rules to clients' own needs. It notices individual behaviors in a community of clients, describing interactions with social workers and between each other. The specific chapter is devoted to children as the youngest users of a shelter, their coping with the environment and the possibilities shelter home offers to them. The last chapter implies a certain similarity in shelter clients thinking with thinking of people living in an oral culture. The thesis disputes declared purpose of shelter home(s) as training of their own home living, since their repetitive "coming home" returns to shelter(s) witness another motives for shelter life as well. KEYWORDS: Shelter, Roma, social worker

Die Verkleinerung der modernen Temperatursensoren ermöglicht die Volumenreduzierung der bisher angewandten Stevenson-Wetterhütten. Insbesondere bei automatischen Stationen finden wir wesentlich kleinere Strahlungsschutzeinrichtungen. Langjährige Beobachtungsreihen sind nicht mehr vergleichbar und müssen angepaßt werden. Es werden Einzelwertabweichungen für Temperaturen von mehr als 1 K genannt. Zur Lösung dieses Problems sind Vergleichsuntersuchungen und Anpassungsrechnungen erforderlich. / The minimisation of modern temperature sensors allows to reduce the volume ofthe up to now used Stevenson screens. Especially for automatic stations we found essential smaller radiationshields. Temperature observations of many years arc incomperable and had to be adapted. Errors of more as 1 K for single temperatures are mentioned. For the solution of this problem comparisons and adaptations are necessary.

The aim of this study was to explore the emotional labour of domestic violence shelter workers. A qualitative approach was used and four professionals were interviewed. The interviewees described that they were expected to provide different types of services which include empowering their clients so that they can survive independently after leaving the shelter. The findings showed that the shelter workers hide or suppress different types of emotions, especially when they are frustrated or emotionally affected by the client's situation. According to the workers, they experienced stress as a consequence of the emotional labour, and they expressed that working in the field of domestic violence had made it difficult for them to trust men. Making a difference in the lives of the clients was described as a source of motivation and help them to cope with the negative aspects of the shelter work. Even though the findings cannot be generalised, the study provides comprehensive information about how emotional labour in this particular context can be perceived. The shelter workers described that the levels of satisfaction they get from helping clients resolve their problems were more significant than the negative consequences of emotional labour.

Este estudo analisa a recepção de uma unidade pública de saúde, do primeiro nível de atenção do Sistema de Saúde de Matão, uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, desde sua área física até à conformação de seu processo de trabalho. O estudo tem como objetivos específicos caracterizar as ações desenvolvidas na recepção; e analisar o trabalho dos agentes que operam na recepção deste posto de saúde buscando compreender os elementos constitutivos do processo de trabalho (objeto, instrumentos, produto e finalidade) na ótica do trabalhador.Nos apoiamos no referencial teórico do processo de trabalho, especificamente, com enfoque na saúde, para proceder a análise dos dados. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa, onde os trabalhadores da recepção do serviço se constituíram em sujeitos da pesquisa, importantes atores na conformação das práticas de saúde. Para a coleta de dados, utilizamos a observação livre e a entrevista semi-estruturada que foram aplicadas em sete trabalhadores que efetivamente trabalhavam na recepção. Os dados foram organizados conforme a ferramenta metodológica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, onde buscamos as Expressões Chaves dos depoimentos individuais com as idéias centrais resgatando a fala social do trabalhador, construíndo os DSCs. A partir dos conteúdos, elegemos três unidades temáticas: Objeto de Trabalho, Instrumento de Trabalho e Finalidade do Trabalho, dando origem a sub-temas analisados particularmente. Durante a conformação desta investigação, em vários momentos, tangenciamos a questão do acolhimento e buscamos articula-lo sem perder o foco principal do processo de trabalho em saúde.Foi possível, urante este trajeto, identificar ações parc d elares, mecânicas, alienantes que colocam o trabalhador, como um mero instrumento cumpridor de normas e protocolos, utilizando as tecnologias duras, resultado da produção de outro trabalhador, considerado segundo os conceitos de Merhy, como trabalho morto e as tecnologias leve-duras. O trabalho dentro desta unidade é tomado como um processo dinâmico, carregado de aspectos relacionais implícitos e explícitos e executado como parte da consulta médica. Identificamos neste estudo, a existência do trabalho que aprisiona, o trabalho parcelar, a participação cooptada e fragmentada e os trabalhadores que revelaram possibilidades de implantação de processos que escapem da lógica massificada de pessoas e coisas, trabalhadores que podem se organizar em coletivos. / The research analyzes the reception of a health public unit, on its first level of attention of the health system in Matão, State of São Paulo, since the physical area until the work process in the unit. The specific aims of the study is to characterize the activities done in the reception and to dissect the labor of the agents that work in each health unit, trying to understand the constituent elements of the work process (subject, instruments, product and purpose) through the worker perspective. The theoretical referee used was the work process, focusing on health to analyze the data. The survey is descriptive and has a qualitative treatment. The workers of the reception were the subjects of the research, important actors on the health practice. To collect the data the free observation was used as well as a semi-structured interview, done with seven people that work in the reception. The data were organized as methodological tools of the Collective Subject Speech, where key expressions from the interviews were searched with the central ideas bringing the social talk of the employee. From the content of the CSS three thematic were chosen: Object of the work, Instrument of the work and purpose of the work, giving sub themes analyzed privately. It was able to identify some mechanical, alienated actions that put the work as an instrument to obey rules and protocols, using hard technology, result of some worker?s production. Merhy considers it as dead work and hard-light technology. The work in each unit is a dynamic process loaded with implicit and explicit related aspects, done as a component of the medical appointment. It is possible to identify in this study the existence of a work that ties the agent up, a fragmented work, but the research reveals some employees that show the possibility to introduce processes out of the logical mass of people and things, workers that may organize and work in groups.

Thesis advisor: Lisa A. Goodman / For survivors of intimate partner violence, the very act of seeking help from a domestic violence (DV) shelter can incur enormous costs. One such cost involves what this study calls “parenting surveillance:” that is, DV advocates can observe, monitor, evaluate, and sometimes control survivors’ parenting—activities given added weight through their mandated reporter role. Although parenting surveillance has long been a feature of state intervention into family life, particularly for low-income women of color, it is largely unexplored in the DV shelter system. This is a striking gap for several reasons: First, most DV programs are committed to supporting survivors’ autonomy and empowerment, seemingly at odds with surveillance. Second, shelter surveillance may echo abusive dynamics from which survivors are attempting to escape. Third, survivors consistently cite fears of losing control of their parenting as a barrier to help-seeking. It is critical to understand the extent to which parenting surveillance prevents programs from achieving their own goals, potentially harming survivors, and obstructing their ability to seek help. Using a community-based participatory research approach, this qualitative-descriptive study aimed to explore survivor-mothers’ experiences of parenting surveillance among 12 residents of four shelters. Qualitative content analysis of the data that drew upon constant comparison techniques yielded six clusters: survivor-mothers (1) want and find support in their programs; (2) experience and witness parenting surveillance; (3) describe negative psychological responses to surveillance; (4) report varying effects on parenting and help-seeking related to surveillance; (5) cope with and resist surveillance; and (6) offer recommendations for improvements to DV shelters. Results suggest that although surveillance is a structural phenomenon, survivors perceived and experienced it differentially, based on their own identities and prior experiences, and the nature of their relationships with advocates. For advocates, ameliorating the damaging effects of surveillance involves both pragmatic and relational shifts grounded in empathy for survivor-mothers’ subjective experience of parenting in the context of their histories, identities, strengths, and vulnerabilities. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

A adolescência é freqüentemente compreendida particularmente na Psicologia do Desenvolvimento como uma fase da vida marcada por características mais ou menos universais. Partindo da perspectiva sócio-histórica, propõe-se aqui considerar a existência de múltiplas adolescências, vivenciadas por sujeitos singulares. Buscando compreender estas múltiplas adolescências, o presente estudo buscou investigar uma adolescência bastante esquecida pela literatura científica ? a adolescência vivenciada no momento da saída do abrigo. Compreendendo que estes adolescentes são significados pelos protagonistas envolvidos (o próprio adolescente, família, equipe técnica, educadoras, leis, etc.) de forma bastante diferente de um adolescente ?padrão? da classe média /alta, o presente estudo teve como objetivo dar visibilidade aos sentidos produzidos pelo adolescente no momento de saída do abrigo, entendendo que este momento traz para o adolescente uma série de mudanças com as quais ele tem negociar. Partindo do referencial sócio-histórico e da perspectiva teóricometodológica da Rede de Significações, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com dois adolescentes, antes e após a saída do abrigo, totalizando quatro entrevistas, bem como a produção de material narrativo feita por um dos adolescentes. Além disso, foram realizadas visitas ao abrigo, registradas em notas de campo e uma entrevista com a assistente social. Como metodologia de análise foram delimitados, no contato com o material, cinco temas de maior recorrência: 1) Abrigo; 2) Saída do abrigo; 3) Família biológica; 4) Adoção; 5) Perspectivas de futuro. A partir desta delimitação, buscou-se investigar quais as zonas de sentidos que os adolescentes produziam sobre cada um destes temas. Como apontamento final observou-se que cada um dos adolescentes se descrevia e era descrito pelo abrigo de formas bastante distintas (adolescente modelo e adolescente deprimido). Estas diferentes descrições, mais que valorizar a subjetividade de cada um, implicavam em práticas discriminatórias e promotoras de desigualdades, inclusive no momento da saída do abrigo, facilitando a saída para um e dificultando para outro ? algo que fere o entendimento do adolescente como sujeito de direitos (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente). Além disso, observou-se uma ausência de políticas voltadas para o momento da saída do abrigo, o que transforma esta transição em uma vivência bastante solitária para os adolescentes. Na falta de uma rede de apoio extensa que auxilie o adolescente nesta transição, cada um acaba por utilizar seus próprios recursos, ficando bastante dependente do abrigo. A partir destas considerações, acredita-se que este estudo possa contribuir não só para compreender a adolescência como múltipla e dotada de possibilidades (e não só de limitações), mas também para enriquecer as discussões sobre as ações e discursos que têm regido os abrigos bem como suas prática e quotidiano na atenção a estes jovens que lá permaneceram durante tantos anos. / The adolescence is regularly influenced in the Psychology of Development as a period of life noted by features that is in some way universal. From a starting sociological point of view, it is recommended to take into consideration the existence of multiple adolescences, living by a singular subject. In a search to understand these multiples adolescences, this research is in order to investigate a kind of adolescence very absent-minded in the scientific literature-the experience of life took placed when you leave the shelter-. Taking into consideration that these adolescences are known by the subjects involved ? the adolescence her/himself- the family, the technical team, the educator, the rules, etc- in a very different way of a regular A/B class adolescence, this research has been motivated to show all the fillings living by the adolescence at the moment of leaving the shelter, taking into consideration that at this moment the adolescence realizes the chain of changes that he/she has to deal with. From a social-historic and theoretical-methodologist point of view from the Net of Symbols, there were made interviews with two adolescences before/after living the shelter- four in total- as well as a narrative material made by one of them. Further more there were inspections to the shelter noted in camp register and an interview with a social assistance. As the methodology of research has been set with the material, five points have been highlighted: 1) The shelter, 2) The leaving of the shelter, 3) The biological family, 4) The adoption, 5) Future perspectives. From these motives has been a rescue about what sensor zone the adolescences made known. Finally has been observed that each one of them have been described the shelter and her/himself on a very different manner. ? a regular adolescent, and a depressed one- This differences beyond prizing the one?s individuality, promoted prejudiced practices, inclusively at the moment of living the shelter- for the benefit of ones, and against others- not in resolution with the Constitution of the Adolescences. Has been noted as well lacks of initiatives focused at the moment of the leaving of the shelter, what became a very loneliness adjust to the individual. Because of a weak supporting team in this transition, each one finds its own way to help oneself, and became very linked to the shelter. From these statements it is believed that this research can not only facilitate to comprehend the adolescence as a multiple and full of possibilities being -and not only of limitations- but also to enrich the debate about the actions and the wrangle that have been mastered the shelters the practices and the day-by-day living of these youths, who have been living there for so many years.

In this qualitative research study, I examine the literacy practices of five families who resided in a homeless shelter with attention to the complexity of literacy as it is taken up for fulfilling cultural and social goals within families, neighborhoods, and communities. Literacy is complicated through the lens of literacy sponsorship (Brandt, 2001) to suggest the differential access people have to literacy and the power sponsors have to sanction particular forms of literacy while dismissing existing literacies that families use in their everyday lives, but are undervalued in schools and the marketplace. Data collected from parent interviews and a family literacy program at the shelter shape the counterportraits (Meyer, 2010) intended to challenge the official portrait of homelessness. The analytical tool of dialogical narrative analysis (Frank, 2012) aided my identification of stories in the interviews that illustrated how parents perceived their lives before coming to the shelter, at the shelter, and how their lives would change beyond their stay at the shelter. The notion of "capital D" Discourses (Gee, 2005) supported my examination of how the parents engaged in overlapping Discourses that allowed them to contest deficit perspectives pervasive in the official portrait. The resulting counterportraits suggest that the official portrait is largely dismissive of the social problems associated with stark inequality in U.S. society. Complicating the role of literacy within this larger context of inequality is necessary to understand the wide gulf between the official portrait and the counterportraits represented in this report.

Shifting away from the traditional focus of enumeration and prevention of, or early exit from, homelessness, the present study was directed towards understanding the homeless experience and how the health and life quality of homeless people could be improved during their homelessness. To answer key questions, a mixed method inquiry explored the lived experience of homelessness in Darwin between June, 2004, and June, 2005. The study was undertaken through St. Vincent de Paul’s Ozanam House meal and shelter service. Their clients’ life worlds and experiences were documented through participant observation, informal interviews and individual narratives. This study has found that there were very few treatment options available to homeless people who suffered from trauma related illnesses. Self management of wellbeing and health reinforced the negative perception of homeless people held by mainstream society, in turn reinforcing the stigmatising processes individuals spent much of their daily life managing. By addressing the key dimensions of the homeless experience which have had the greatest influence on health, the relevant agencies can begin to create living environments which reflect the experiences and the hopes of the homeless people and which are supportive of good health and a better quality of life. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>Abstract</p><p>The number of natural disasters are increasing. Disaster relief today is improving, but not enough.</p><p>The purpose of my graduation paper is to present a new solution to shelters. It’s important to remember the human, social and environmental aspects when designing a shelter for disaster relief. Each group within the population has to be able to use the shelter and benefit from it. You need to consider the different conditions whitin different countries, and I have chosen to direct my work towards Sri Lanka.</p><p>Based on my research I have been able to analyse the demad and needs of people affected by natural disasters.My solution to the problem is based on a plastic sheet. The plastic sheet is combined with cardboard plates which gives it structure and lasting. It’s able to use the plastic sheet in a different way than before. The sheet is able to fold into different shelters and it’s materials offers a possibility to develop it further in the future.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning:</p><p>Naturkatastroferna i världen ökar. Till följd av det krävs det att biståndshjälpen blir bättre. Ofta har nya lösningar till katastrofbostäder varit ineffektiva på olika sätt och inte fungerat i sitt syfte. Arkitekternas roll i att utveckla katastrofhantering har därför inte alltid varit uppskattad och självklar.</p><p>Syftet med mitt projekt är presentera en ny lösning till bostäder för katastrofområden. En bostad måste ha en enkel konstruktion för att bli effektiv, den skall helst vara lätt i vikt, samt enkel att tillverka och frakta så leveransen går snabbt. Det är viktigt när man arbetar med katastrofhantering att hjälpen inte blir felriktad. Det är också viktigt att man ser till att samtliga grupper ur befolkningen, även de svaga, kan nyttja den lösning som tillhandahålls.</p><p>Ett av de länder som förväntas drabbas av klimat-</p><p>förändringarna i framtiden är Sri Lanka. Jag har valt att rikta mitt projekt mot Sri Lanka för att presentera en lösning anpassad till visst områdes förutsättningar och krav.</p><p>Genom att analysera den litteratur jag läst i min research har jag gjort urval i mina skisser som svarar mot de krav som ställs på en katastrofbostad. Min valda lösning har jag sedan vidareutvecklat och förädlat. Idén grundas på en vanlig presenning. Min idé är att fästa plattor på presenningen för att ge den mer stadga än vad den har i dag. Ger man den mer stadga går den att använda till mer hållbara lösningar. Plattorna placeras så pass tätt på duken att det endast går att vika den åt ett håll. Försöker man vika den åt andra hållet tar plattorna mot varandra och det tar stopp. Genom detta håller konstruktionen uppe sig själv, förutsatt att materialen i duken inte är för tunga.</p>

<p>This is a qualitative study, whose purpose is to examine if night shelters effects homeless peoples self-perceived psychosocial health. In Sweden alone there are almost 18000 homeless people, and 12% of them uses a night shelter. The homeless can’t be seen as a heterogeneous group but instead homelessness counts as a state of being in. The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare have done mapping over the homelessness since 1993 and the problem is an important part of what the welfare system has to fight against. A night shelter is one of many contributions to aid the homeless people in an effort to get them off the streets. To do this research, we have conducted seven interviews in total with the homeless men and the supervisor of a nigh shelter. The data analysing tool we used was inspired by the IPA-method and we found out that the shelter had both positive and negative effects on the users. The shelter provided the basic need for the homeless such as food, shelter and the opportunity to rest and also to wash themselves and clean their clothes. The shelter also provided important contacts with the local hospital and the social welfare for its users. The negative impact it had on their self-perceived psychosocial health was that they had nothing to do during the day other than drift around the town, drinking alcohol and using drugs. Another negative influence was that the homeless men felt a loss of their right to self-determination and that they sometimes felt treated like children. Other findings were that they found that the society made harder rules and demands for them than other citizens has to apply to.</p>