No abstract / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Mercantile Law / LLM / Unrestricted

The Relationship between Russia and NATO is a subject which finds itself continuously popular and relevant throughout discussion of international security. Yet, there is relatively large disagreements on how a conflict between the two actors would play out and how strong their given strategies are, in this case being how successful or strong should NATO's deterrence strategy be considered. Due to this, this paper will explore the main point of: What are the causes or reasonings behind the shortcomings of NATO deterrence strategy when facing a Russian Hybrid Strategy? In order to explore this, a deeper look is undertaken into the strengths of weaknesses behind both Russian and NATO capabilities and credibility within their given strategies. Furthermore, the primary region which will be explored within the relationship between Russia and NATO is that of the Baltic states, as this is the most likely area which NATO's deterrence strategy will be tested by Russian hybrid Warfare. This exploration will use qualitative studies along with wargaming scenarios which take into account the joint hybrid and conventional nature of Russia's hybrid strategy. Through this analysis, several causes of shortcomings are identified. These causes are the weakness derived from the chosen deterrence theory model undertaken...

<p>Date: 2008‐05‐26</p><p>Program: International Marketing Course: Master Thesis</p><p>Authors: Qian Chen & Lanjunzi Chen</p><p>Title: What is wrong with Motorola?</p><p>Problem: What are the shortcomings of its mobile phones of Motorola from</p><p>consumers’ perspectives in Chinese market?</p><p>Purpose: This study aims to find out different factors of Motorola’s mobile phone</p><p>which may hamper consumers’ interest and possibility of purchasing when Motorola</p><p>experience the declining sales of mobile phone in Chinese market.</p><p>Method: The researchers apply marketing mix to investigate the shortcoming of</p><p>Motorola’s handset to achieve the research purpose. The researchers choose</p><p>questionnaires and interviews to collect information from consumers in order to</p><p>gather information for this research.</p><p>Target Group: This paper might be useful for Motorola Company to find their</p><p>problems and some companies also produce cellphone avoid coming out similar</p><p>problems.</p><p>Conclusions: Based on our research Motorola’s handsets certainly have many</p><p>shortcomings in marketing mix that is product, price, place and promotion from</p><p>consumers’ point view</p><p>Recommendations: There are a lot of aspects for Motorola to improve from product,</p><p>price, place and promotion in the long run in order to recover its reputation in</p><p>consumers’ mind.</p><p>Key Words: Motorola handset, consumers’ point of view, shortcomings, China,</p><p>product, price, place, promotion</p>

Date: 2008‐05‐26 Program: International Marketing Course: Master Thesis Authors: Qian Chen &amp; Lanjunzi Chen Title: What is wrong with Motorola? Problem: What are the shortcomings of its mobile phones of Motorola from consumers’ perspectives in Chinese market? Purpose: This study aims to find out different factors of Motorola’s mobile phone which may hamper consumers’ interest and possibility of purchasing when Motorola experience the declining sales of mobile phone in Chinese market. Method: The researchers apply marketing mix to investigate the shortcoming of Motorola’s handset to achieve the research purpose. The researchers choose questionnaires and interviews to collect information from consumers in order to gather information for this research. Target Group: This paper might be useful for Motorola Company to find their problems and some companies also produce cellphone avoid coming out similar problems. Conclusions: Based on our research Motorola’s handsets certainly have many shortcomings in marketing mix that is product, price, place and promotion from consumers’ point view Recommendations: There are a lot of aspects for Motorola to improve from product, price, place and promotion in the long run in order to recover its reputation in consumers’ mind. Key Words: Motorola handset, consumers’ point of view, shortcomings, China, product, price, place, promotion

The aim of this thesis is to find out which shortages in a municipality the local people feel, and to offer suitable, economically acceptable measures that will improve the quality of life in context with sustainable development of the municipality. The theoretical part is going to explain the basic terms with which I am going to work later in the practical part. In the theoretical part I am going to concentrate on the issue of sustainable developmnet, municipality development, a questionnaire survey, and, partially, on the issue of town sociology. In the practical part, I am going to describe a municipality, the questionnaire survey that I am going to make, in the summary I am going to offer measures that should contribute to the sustainable development in a municipality.

Honor-related violence and oppression has become increasingly noticed in Swedish society due to unfortunate cases regarding young women and the normative culture of their families. For this reason the honor-related research field in Sweden has also increased and several studies have been carried out on. In Sweden it is the social services that have the primary responsibility to provide support to the victims of honor-related violence and oppression. The aim of this composition is to analyze how the social services in Sweden work with the victims and the shortcomings that follow within the work according to results of previous research in terms of scientific articles and reports. Furthermore, the aim is also to investigate in what way previous research discusses the concept of the word culture related to studies on honor-related violence and oppression. This composition is based on the results of nine scientific articles and reports that have thoroughly been inspected. The research results indicate that the social services working methods aim for safety but lack due to having a limited capacity for action in terms of budget and legal adaptation. The previous research also indicates that the cultural aspects in studies on honor-related violence and oppression may vary depending on focus of study. The results gave two perspectives on whether culture is an explanatory model for the honor-related phenomenon or if it is in need of further explanation.

Titel: Brister och åtgärder i produktionsprocessen i en distributionscentral - En fallstudie på Staples AB i Växjö Författare: Melita Gredelj &amp; Emine Sadikaj Handledare: Hana Hulthén Examinator: Peter Berling Bakgrund: Den mest tids- och arbetskraftintensiva processen i lagret är plockprocessen, vilket omfattar hämtning av objekt från lagerplatser för att uppfylla kundorder. Plockprocessen står även för en stor del av lagrets kostnader och det är därför viktig att undersöka den för att öka effektiviteten i organisationen. En stor del av den kostnaden går till arbetskraften som arbetar med detta manuellt. Det finns idag idag stor potential för att göra denna process mer automatiserad.   Syfte: Studiens syfte är att visa vilka åtgärder det finns till brister inom manuella samt automatiserade plockprocesser inom företag som levererar kontorsmaterial.   Genomförande: Den genomförande studien är en fallstudie på Staples. Data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer på Staples men även genom enkäter som besvarats av Atea och Office Depot. Målet med studien har varit att ta reda på vilka brister som finns i en plockprocess och hur dessa kan åtgärdas.   Slutsats: Ett företag som levererar kontorsmaterial kan effektivisera sin plockprocess och åtgärda sina felplock genom att använda sig av automatiserade lösningar, så som WMS. Detta hjälper dessa företag att integrera sina system vilket kommer att stödja det dagliga lagerarbetet genom att exempelvis visa information i realtid av vad som finns i lagret och vart det är placerat. Genom att ha detta system behöver inte lagerarbetare plocka efter minne eller erfarenheter utan de kan hela tiden förlita sig till systemet. Genom att implementera detta kan kostnaderna minska kraftigt.   Nyckelord: Logistik, Lager, Automatiserat lager, Manuellt lager, Plockprocessen, Plockning, WMS, Manuella brister, Automatiserade brister / Title: Shortcomings and measures in the production process in a distribution center - A case study at Staples AB in Växjö Authors: Melita Gredelj &amp; Emine Sadikaj Tutor: Hana Hulthén Examiner: Peter Berling   Background: The most time- and labor-intensive process in the warehouse is the picking process, which includes retrieving objects from storage locations to fulfill customer orders. The picking process also accounts for a large part of the warehouse's costs and it is therefore important to examine it to increase the efficiency of the organization. Much of that cost goes to the workforce who works with this manually. Today, there is great potential for making this process more automated.   Purpose: The aim of the study is to show what measures are available for deficiencies in manual and automated picking processes within companies that supply office supplies.   Method: The implemented study is a case study at Staples. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews at Staples but also through questionnaires that were answered by Atea and Office Depot. The aim of the study has been to find out which shortcomings exist in a picking process and how these can be fixed.   Conclusions: A company that supplies office supplies can streamline its picking process and fix its picking error by using automated solutions, such as WMS. This helps these companies integrate their systems, which will support the daily inventory work by, for example, displaying real-time information of what is in the warehouse and where it is located. By having this system, warehouse workers do not need to pick by memory or experience, and they can always rely on the system. By implementing it, costs can decrease sharply.   Keywords: Logistics, Warehouse, Automated Warehouse, Manual Warehouse, Picking Process, Picking, WMS, Manual Shortcomings, Automated Shortcomings

The majority of building code development and implementation practices are normally connected with the progress of construction community changing awareness, needs and perspectives, advanced technology in construction and new level of knowledge. Unproven practices and the technology of building code development and implementation in case of insufficient and outdated codes, the use of unproven advanced codes of other countries, or the infringement of the existing codes, in most cases, could lead to a large number of shortcomings of minimum requirements of public health, safety and general welfare, and poor quality of buildings. Every aspect of a building code development and implementation practice could be influenced by insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations that could cause buildings failures. Generally, the success of a building code development and implementation practice is directly connected with the involved insufficiencies and infringements in the framework of building code (legal, Administrative, technical, & social), i.e. faults of building code development and implementation should be successfully resolved in order to come to an end of a building project assuring code's objectives (public health, safety and general welfare). One of the early research problems of building code development and implementation practice was conducted by Productivity Commission (2004) where the research organized and categorized the causes of shortcomings of BC according to four main functions of building code, including legal, administrative, technical, and social functions. Productivity Commission Research had been the starting point of research problems of building codes in Kuwait. For the past 20 years, many researchers have high numbers of categories, components and rankings to explain different types of insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations. However, these categories and rankings produce inconsistent and overlapping cause and impact factors. In addition, researchers and practitioners at this point tend to focus on the technical and administrative sides related to the issues of building codes development and implementation, and neglecting the importance of legal and social sides. Legal issues like finding a law to prepare and enforce building codes, cover of insurance companies, building materials testing system, weak regulations related issues, building specifications, and clarity of regulation texts; as well as social issues like community awareness, issuing and enforcing legal court rules, deterrent punishments for violators, violations or cheatings in related issues, all of these were deemed not that critical by most reviewers. The research is specifically concerned with the insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations which cause shortcomings of minimum requirements of public health, safety and general welfare, and how related cause and impact factors are selected and organized. Existing research highlights the need for further researches of how to relate between research and building regulations that are at present. There is evidence that construction industries around the world have little experience in this area (CIB TG37, 2001). The proposal within this research is to address this aspect of the debate by seeking to clarify the role of the four functions of building code; legal, administrative, technical, and social function as a frame of reference that stakeholder parties (building officials, design and construction professionals) might agree with and which should act as the basis for the selection and formation of occurrences of cause factors, and their iv impact on public health, safety and general welfare. The focus on the four functions of building code as a fault (cause) frame of reference potentially leads to a common, practical view of the (multi) dimensionality setting of fault (cause) within which cause factors may be identified and which, we believe, could be grounded across a wide range of practices specifically in this research of building code development and implementation. The research surveyed and examined the opinions of building officials, design and construction professionals. We assess which fault (cause) factors are most likely to occur in building and construction projects; evaluate fault (cause) impact by assessing which fault (cause) factors that building officials, design and construction professionals specifically think are likely to arise in the possibility of shortcomings of minimum requirements of public health, safety and general welfare. The data obtained were processed, analyzed and ranked. By using the EXCEL and SPSS for factor analysis, all the fault (cause) factors were reduced and groups into clusters and components for further correlation analysis. The analysis was able to prove an opinion on fault (cause) likelihood, the impact of the fault (cause) on the objectives of building code. The analysis indicates that it is possible to identify grouping of insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations that is correspondent to the different parts of the framework of building code (legal, Administrative, technical, & social) these suggest three identified groups when viewing cause from the likelihood occurrence and four identified groups and their impact for each building code objective. The evidence related to the impact of building code objectives, view of cause, and provides a stronger view of which components of cause were important compared with cause likelihood. The research accounts for the difference by suggesting that a more selection and formation of cause and impact, offered by viewing cause within the context of a framework of building code, and viewing impact within the context of building code objectives (public health, safety and general welfare) allows those involved in building code development and implementation to have an understandable view of the relationships within cause factors, and between cause and impact factors. It also allows the various cause components and the associated emergent clusters to be more readily identified. The contribution of the research relates to the assessment of cause within a construction that is defined in the context of a fairly broad accepted view of the framework of building code (legal, Administrative, technical, & social). The fault (cause) likelihood construction is based on the building code framework proposed in this research and could facilitates a focus on roles and responsibilities, and allows the coordination and integration of activities for regular development and implementation with the building code goals. This contribution would better enable building officials and code writers to identify and manage faults (causes) as they emerge with BC aspects/parts and more closely reflect building and construction activities and processes and facilitate the fault (cause) administration exercise.

La pluridisciplinarité artistique contemporaine, qui remonte à l’humanisme et au romantisme, est-elle encore liée à un désir de connaissance et de totalité, ou s’inscrit-elle dans un spectre de fragmentation ? Les défaillances reconnues du savoir, du sujet et de l’œuvre forment une résistance à la puissance des technostructures. La sphère de l’art, détachée de la division du travail artistique, s’inscrit dans une négativité non dialectique. Par la sape méthodique des référents et des maîtrises, l’œuvre s’ouvre au désordre et au manque. Poursuivant simultanément plusieurs démarches distinctes dans les arts visuels, la musique et l’écriture, passant de l’art populaire à l’art intellectualisé, étant autant témoin qu’acteur de mon travail, je propose une approche de l’art qui se définit plus par l’errance et la pluralité que par un projet unitaire. La position mineure et dispersée se ressource dans une poïétique prolifique : simultanéité divergente, transposition négative, hétérogénéité, confusion des temps, présence du vide et du fantomatique… / Is artistic pluridisciplinarity, which goes back to Humanism and Romanticism, still connected to a desire for knowledge and for holistic apprehension, or does it reveal the prospect of fragmentation? The known shortcomings of knowledge, of the subject, and of the work of art resist the power of techno-structures. Once the artistic sphere gets disconnected from the division of artistic labor, it is amenable to a non-dialectical negativity. As the work of art methodically subverts referents, mastery and know-hows, it becomes accessible to loss and disorder. Being as much the witness as the agent of the work I produce, I propose an approach to art conceived as wandering and plural—an approach based on various forms of practice in visual arts, music, and writing, which shift from popular to intellectual art. This artistic stance, minor and scattered, draws its strength from a prolific poietics: divergent simultaneity, negative transposition, heterogeneity, confusion of temporalities, void, and haunting presences…

Information security has become a key concern for organizations conducting business in the current electronic era. Rapid technological development continuously creates novel security threats, making IT an uncertain infrastructure. So the security is an important factor for the vendors as well as for the consumers. To fulfill the security needs, IT companies have to adopt some standards to assure some levels that concern with the security in their product. Common Criteria (CC) is one of the standards that maintains and controls the security of IT products. Many other standards are also available to assure the security in products but like these standards CC has its own pros and cons. It does not impose predefined security rules that a product should exhibit but a language for security evaluation. CC has certain advantages due to its ability to address all the three dimensions: a) it provides opportunity for users to specify their security requirements, b) an implementation guide for the developers and c) provides comprehensive criteria to evaluate the security requirements. On the downside, it requires considerable amount of resources and is quite time consuming. Another is security requirements that it evaluates and must be defined before the project start which is in direct conflict with the rapidly changing security threat environment. In this research thesis we will analyze the core issues and find the major causes for the criticism. Many IT users in USA and UK have reservations with CC evaluation because of its limitations. We will analyze the CC shortcomings and document them that will be useful for researchers to have an idea of shortcomings associated with CC. This study will potentially be able to strengthen the CC usage with a more effective and responsive evaluation methodology for IT community. / Rana Aamir Raza Ashfaq (0046-76-2473148)