This thesis deals with online gambling and specifics of the legislation, which is in the Czech Republic regulated mainly by the Act No. 202/1990, the Lottery Act. After short introduction of the field, there is provided analysis of the latest amendment to the Lottery Act No. 300/2011 and its impact on the poker industry, particularly the online poker industry. Emphasis is placed on the conditions laid down for obtaining a license to operate in lotteries and other similar games, the tax aspects of poker for both operators and players and suitability of inclusion poker under the regime of the Lottery Act. The issue of cross-border gambling is in the European Union closely studied and in the coming years there is to be expected extensive harmonization, which will be based on the fundamental principles of free movement of goods, services, people and capital. In connection with the forthcoming harmonization, the author addresses the issue of incompatibility of the Czech Lottery Act with European law and draws the same conclusion regarding the draft Act on the Operation of gambling, which was originally approved with effect from 1st January 2013. After a brief excursion into the regulation of internet gambling in France and Greece, the author compares the local regulatory tools and instruments with those...

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Neste trabalho estudamos as subvariedades lagrangeanas mínimas e autossimilares do espaço paracomplexo Dn. Começamos definindo o conceito de variedade para-Kähler e, como exemplo, descrevemos o espaço projetivo paracomplexo. Em seguida, estudamos as subvariedades paracomplexas e lagrangeanas. Após mostrarmos que toda subvariedade paracomplexa não-degenerada é mínima, dedicamos a atenção ao estudo das subvariedades lagrangeanas, restringindo-nos ao ambiente Dn. Em particular, estudamos as lagrangeanas que são invariantes sob a ação canônica do grupo SO(n), e as superfícies de Castro-Chen. Em ambos os casos, analisamos a minimalidade e a autossimilaridade das mesmas. / In this work, we study minimal and self-similar Lagrangian submanifolds in the para-complex space Dn. Firstly, we define the concept of para-Kähler manifold and, to exemplify, we describe the para-complex projective space.Then, we study para-complex submanifolds and Lagrangian submanifolds. After proving that every non-degenerate para-complex submanifold is minimal, we pay attention to Lagrangian submanifolds, restricting us to the case of Dn. In particular, we study Lagrangian submanifolds which are invariant by the canonical SO(n)-action of Dn, and Castro-Chen\'s surfaces. In both cases, we analyse the minimality and self-similarity.

<div> In computer networks, the convenient internet access facilitates internet services, but at the same time also augments the spread of malicious software which could represent an attack or unauthorized access. Thereby, making the intrusion detection an important area to explore for detecting these unwanted activities. This thesis concentrates on combining the Model and Instance Based Machine Learning for detecting intrusions through a series of algorithms starting from clustering the similar hosts. </div><div> Similar hosts have been found based on the supervised machine learning techniques like Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees and K Nearest Neighbors using our proposed Data Fusion algorithm. Maximal cliques of Graph Theory has been explored to find the clusters. A recursive way is proposed to merge the decision areas of best features. The idea is to implement a combination of model and instance based machine learning and analyze how it performs as compared to a conventional machine learning algorithm like Random Forest for intrusion detection. The system has been evaluated on three datasets by CTU-13. The results show that our proposed method gives better detection rate as compared to traditional methods which might overfit the data.</div><div> The research work done in model merging, instance based learning, random forests, data mining and ensemble learning with regards to intrusion detection have been studied and taken as reference. </div>

O desenvolvimento tecnológico observado nos últimos anos e o avanço na aquisição de dados para os sistemas tanto químicos como biológicos tem gerado um grande número de informações. Como consequência, nos últimos anos, procuram-se ferramentas, fundamentalmente matemáticas, que permitam decodificar este volume imenso de informações, em termos estruturais e biológicos. Embora diversos parâmetros estatísticos e métodos de seleção de modelos e de variáveis tenham sido descritos, mais recentemente, são encontradas propostas de novas ferramentas visando assegurar tanto a qualidade de predição do modelo como a elucidação de algum mecanismo a partir do modelo gerado. Com relação aos estudos de compostos antichagásicos, é grande o número de dados disponíveis, na literatura, nos diferentes aspectos pesquisados.A cruzipaína, também chamada de cruzaína, é a principal cisteína protease do Trypanosoma cruzi e sua inibição tem se mostrado capaz de inibir o desenvolvimento intracelular do protozoário. Neste trabalho foram selecionados da literatura original 90 compostos, incluindo-se 29 alfa-(N)-heterocíclica carboxaldeído tiossemicarbazonas substituídas, com atividade inibitória frente a ribonucleotídeo redutase (IRNR) (série I; compostos I.1. a I.29); 37 tiossemicarbazonas substituídas na cadeia lateral e no anel aromático (série II; compostos II.1 a II.37) e, 61 compostos estruturalmente diferentes (série III; compostos II.1 a III.61, sendo 45 tiossemicarbazonas das quais 37 da série II e, 16 derivados de isatinas). As séries II e III apresentam atividade inibitória frente à cruzaína, uma cisteína protease do T.cruzi. E a série I, embora, apresente atividade inibitória frente a ribonucleotídeo redutase (IRNR) de células H.Ep.-2, é, no entanto, estruturalmente similar às séries II e III. E, ainda mais, os modelos gerados nesta dissertação para a série I foram incluídos na tese de doutorado de H.Ishiki. Cada uma das séries foi dividida em 3 séries de treinamento (A, B e C) com suas correspondentes séries de teste. A seguir, a partir das estruturas representadas em 3 dimensões das moléculas, foram gerados 1497 descritores através do programa DRAGON (v. 3.0) para cada série (I, II e III). Estes descritores foram submetidos a um pré-tratamento de dados, excluindo-se aqueles que não contribuiriam para as análises PLS - Partial Least Squares (mínimos quadrados parciais). Através das análises PLS foram selecionados os descritores mais significativos das equações de regressão linear, que a seguir foram submetidos a uma análise de freqüência, ou seja, foram selecionados os descritores presentes em pelo menos em 2 dos 3 modelos obtidos das séries de treinamento (A, B e C). A partir destes descritores selecionados foram obtidos modelos de QSAR clássico com 5 descritores que foram validados por três filtros. Estes modelos de QSAR validados, apresentaram valores de coeficiente de correlação (r) e do quadrado do coeficiente de predição interna (Qcv2) maiores que 0,9 e 0,7 respectivamente. / It has been observed an enormous improvement in the methods concerning data generation, leading to a large amount of information, especially for chemical and biological systems. Through these developments, it becomes relevant to have reliable methods, mainly new mathematical tools, for structure-activity relationship (SAR) data examination, which means that there is a need for developing datasets screening tools. Although a huge number of descriptors and methods for selection have been described in the literature, it becomes a crucial aspect to develop new concepts and tools that assure selection of relevant information as well as a high predictive power for the generated QSAR models. Concerning antichagasic compounds, in the literature, there is a huge number of data in anti Chagas disease drug research fields. Cruzain, known also as cruzipain, is the major cysteine protease of T. cruzi. The protease is expressed in all life cycle stages of the parasite. Therefore, cruzain is essential for replication of the intracellular parasite. Thus, cruzain is an appealing target for new antitrypanosomal chemotherapy. In this work, it has been taken from selected literature 90 compounds, including 29 substituted alpha-(N)- heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones, (set I, compounds I.1 to I. 29) and 37 substituted thiosemicarbazones (set II, compounds II.1 to II.37) and 61 structurally different compounds (set III, compounds II.1 to III.61, namely 45 thiosemicarbazones (37 from set II) and 16 isatin derivatives). Sets II and III showed inhibitory activity against cruzain, a cysteine protease of T. cruzi. Although set I compounds showed inhibitory activity against ribonucleotide reductase enzyme of H.Ep.-2 cells they have been included in this study taking into account that they are structurally similar to sets II and III, studied by H. Ishiki in his PhD thesis. Each set was divided in 3 training sets (A, B and C) with its corresponding test sets. Initially, 1497 descriptors have been obtained by means of DRAGON program (v.3.0) using 3D structures of sets I, II and III compounds. In a second step to reduce the data size, all descriptors have been submitted to a pre-treatment, including the use of different filters, followed by PLS analyses with external validation. Relevant descriptors have been selected using PLS followed by frequency analysis. That means, it has been selected descriptors, which were present at least in 2 or 3 models, generated from training sets (A, B an C). These descriptors have been used to generate QSAR models with up to 5 descriptors. The QSAR models had been validated by three filters. Values of correlation coefficient (r) and the squared correlation coefficient of internal predictions (Qcv2) were higher than 0.9 and 0.7, respectively, for the validated QSAR models.

Neste trabalho estudamos as subvariedades lagrangeanas mínimas e autossimilares do espaço paracomplexo Dn. Começamos definindo o conceito de variedade para-Kähler e, como exemplo, descrevemos o espaço projetivo paracomplexo. Em seguida, estudamos as subvariedades paracomplexas e lagrangeanas. Após mostrarmos que toda subvariedade paracomplexa não-degenerada é mínima, dedicamos a atenção ao estudo das subvariedades lagrangeanas, restringindo-nos ao ambiente Dn. Em particular, estudamos as lagrangeanas que são invariantes sob a ação canônica do grupo SO(n), e as superfícies de Castro-Chen. Em ambos os casos, analisamos a minimalidade e a autossimilaridade das mesmas. / In this work, we study minimal and self-similar Lagrangian submanifolds in the para-complex space Dn. Firstly, we define the concept of para-Kähler manifold and, to exemplify, we describe the para-complex projective space.Then, we study para-complex submanifolds and Lagrangian submanifolds. After proving that every non-degenerate para-complex submanifold is minimal, we pay attention to Lagrangian submanifolds, restricting us to the case of Dn. In particular, we study Lagrangian submanifolds which are invariant by the canonical SO(n)-action of Dn, and Castro-Chen\'s surfaces. In both cases, we analyse the minimality and self-similarity.

<p>En enkätundersökning genomfördes på 306 gymnasieelever. Syftet var att undersöka samband mellan empati/personal distress och bassjälvkänsla/förvärvad självkänsla. Studien visade att respondenter med hög förvärvad självkänsla har hög empati och personal distress. De med hög bassjälvkänsla känner mycket empati om den förvärvade självkänslan är hög. Respondenter med hög bassjälvkänsla och låg förvärvad känner dessutom lägre empati än de som har lågt i båda självkänslotyperna. De med hög bassjälvkänsla har låg personal distress. De kvinnliga respondenterna hade högst empati, personal distress och förvärvad självkänsla, medan de manliga hade högst bassjälvkänsla. Om det var självkänsla eller erfarenheten av att tidigare ha befunnit sig i en liknande situation som i studien väckte empati diskuteras.</p>

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En enkätundersökning genomfördes på 306 gymnasieelever. Syftet var att undersöka samband mellan empati/personal distress och bassjälvkänsla/förvärvad självkänsla. Studien visade att respondenter med hög förvärvad självkänsla har hög empati och personal distress. De med hög bassjälvkänsla känner mycket empati om den förvärvade självkänslan är hög. Respondenter med hög bassjälvkänsla och låg förvärvad känner dessutom lägre empati än de som har lågt i båda självkänslotyperna. De med hög bassjälvkänsla har låg personal distress. De kvinnliga respondenterna hade högst empati, personal distress och förvärvad självkänsla, medan de manliga hade högst bassjälvkänsla. Om det var självkänsla eller erfarenheten av att tidigare ha befunnit sig i en liknande situation som i studien väckte empati diskuteras.

Network-on-Chip (NoC) is a developing and promising on-chip communication paradigm that improves scalability and performance of System-on-Chips. NoC design flow contains many problems from different areas, for example networking, embedded design and computer architecture. Application mapping is one of these problems, which is generally considered as a communication energy minimization problem. This dissertation approaches to this problem from a networking point of view and tries to find a mapping solution which improves the network performance in terms of the number of packets in the buffers while still minimizing the total communication energy consumption. For this purpose an on-chip network traffic model is required. Self similarity is a traffic model that is used to characterize Ethernet and/or wide area network traffic, as well as most of on-chip network traffic. In this thesis, by using an on-chip traffic characterization that contains self similarity, an application mapping problem definition that contains both energy and buffer utilization concerns is proposed. In order to solve this intractable problem a genetic algorithm based model is implemented. Execution of the algorithm on different test cases has proved that such a mapping formulation avoids high buffer utilizations while still keeping the communication energy low.