Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EzequiasME_TESE.pdf: 4077046 bytes, checksum: 10fbafe209b02444fb805640364b456c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-22 / This work focuses on the creation and applications of a dynamic simulation software in order to study the hard metal structure (WC-Co). The technological ground used to increase the GPU hardware capacity was Geforce 9600 GT along with the PhysX chip created to make games more realistic. The software simulates the three-dimensional carbide structure to the shape of a cubic box where tungsten carbide (WC) are modeled as triangular prisms and truncated triangular prisms. The program was proven effective regarding checking testes, ranging from calculations of parameter measures such as the capacity to increase the number of particles simulated dynamically. It was possible to make an investigation of both the mean parameters and distributions stereological parameters used to characterize the carbide structure through cutting plans. Grounded on the cutting plans concerning the analyzed structures, we have investigated the linear intercepts, the intercepts to the area, and the perimeter section of the intercepted grains as well as the binder phase to the structure by calculating the mean value and distribution of the free path. As literature shows almost consensually that the distribution of the linear intercepts is lognormal, this suggests that the grain distribution is also lognormal. Thus, a routine was developed regarding the program which made possible a more detailed research on this issue. We have observed that it is possible, under certain values for the parameters which define the shape and size of the Prismatic grain to find out the distribution to the linear intercepts that approach the lognormal shape. Regarding a number of developed simulations, we have observed that the distribution curves of the linear and area intercepts as well as the perimeter section are consistent with studies on static computer simulation to these parameters. / Este trabalho versa sobre a cria??o e as aplica??es de um software de simula??o din?mica para estudo da estrutura do metal duro (WC-Co). A base tecnol?gica utilizada para amplia??o da capacidade de hardware foi a GPU Geforce 9600 GT com o chip Physx criada com o prop?sito de dar mais realismo aos jogos eletr?nicos. O software simula a estrutura tridimensional do metal duro com o formato de uma caixa c?bica onde os carbetos de tungst?nio (WC) s?o modelados como prismas triangulares e prismas triangulares truncados. O programa se mostrou eficiente em testes de verifica??o, desde c?lculos de medidas de par?metros como na capacidade de amplia??o do n?mero de part?culas simuladas dinamicamente. Foi poss?vel fazer uma investiga??o de par?metros m?dios e de distribui??es de par?metros estereol?gicos utilizados para caracterizar a estrutura do metal duro atrav?s de planos de cortes. Nos planos de cortes das estruturas analisadas foram investigados os interceptos lineares, intercepto de ?rea e per?metro de se??o dos gr?os interceptados e a fase ligante da estrutura atrav?s do c?lculo do valor m?dio e da distribui??o do livre caminho. Como a literatura ? quase consensual que a distribui??o dos interceptos lineares ? lognormal e que isso sugere que a distribui??o dos gr?os na estrutura tamb?m seja lognormal, foi desenvolvida uma rotina no programa, que possibilitou uma investiga??o mais detalhada dessa quest?o. Foi observado que ? poss?vel, sob certos valores para os par?metros que definem o formato e tamanho do gr?o prism?tico, encontrar distribui??o de interceptos lineares que se aproximam do formato lognormal. Nas v?rias simula??es desenvolvidas foi verificado que as curvas de distribui??es de interceptos lineares, de ?rea e per?metro de se??o, est?o de acordo com trabalhos na literatura de simula??o computacional est?tica desses par?metros.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosAFR.pdf: 4078279 bytes, checksum: 366f0859503e4c45e56db94e388e42e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-18 / Steam injection is the most used method of additional recovery for the extraction of heavy oil. In this type procedure is common to happen gravitational segregation and this phenomenon can affect the production of oil and therefore, it shoulds be considered in the projects of continuous steam injection. For many years, the gravitational segregation was not adequately considered in the calculation procedures in Reservoir Engineering. The effect of the gravity causes the segregation of fluids inside the porous media according to their densities. The results of simulation arising from reservoirs could provide the ability to deal with the gravity, and it became apparent that the effects of the gravity could significantly affect the performance of the reservoir. It know that the gravitational segregation can happen in almost every case where there is injection of light fluid, specially the steam, and occurs with greater intensity for viscous oil reservoirs. This work discusses the influence of some parameters of the rock-reservoir in segregation as viscosity, permeability, thickness, cover gas, porosity. From a model that shows the phenomenon with greater intensity, optimized some operational parameters as the rate flow rate steam, distance between the wells injector-producer, and interval of completion which contributed to the reduction in gravity override, thus increasing the oil recovery. It was shown a greater technical-economic viability for the model of distance between the wells 100 m. The analysis was performed using the simulator of CMG (Computer Modeling Group-Stars 2007.11, in which was observed by iterating between studied variables in heavy oil reservoirs with similar characteristics to Brazilian Northeast / A inje??o de vapor ? o m?todo de recupera??o suplementar mais utilizado para a recupera??o de ?leos pesados. Neste tipo de processo ? comum acontecer a segrega??o gravitacional e este fen?meno pode afetar a produ??o de ?leo e, por isso, deve ser considerado nos projetos de inje??o cont?nua de vapor. Por muitos anos, a segrega??o gravitacional n?o era adequadamente considerada em procedimentos de c?lculo em Engenharia de Reservat?rios. O efeito da gravidade faz com que ocorra a segrega??o de fluidos, isto ?, os fluidos tendem a se arranjar dentro do meio poroso de acordo com as suas densidades. Os resultados advindos de simula??o de reservat?rios forneceram a capacidade para lidar com a gravidade, e tornou-se aparente que os efeitos da gravidade poderiam afetar significativamente o desempenho do reservat?rio. Sabe-se que a segrega??o gravitacional pode ocorrer em quase todos os casos onde h? inje??o de fluidos leves, especialmente o vapor, e ocorre com maior intensidade para reservat?rios de ?leos viscosos. Neste trabalho ? abordada a influ?ncia de alguns par?metros da rocha-reservat?rio na segrega??o como viscosidade, permeabilidade, espessura, capa de g?s e porosidade. A partir de um modelo que apresenta o fen?meno com maior intensidade, otimizaram-se alguns par?metros operacionais como vaz?o de inje??o de vapor, dist?ncia entre os po?os injetor-produtor e intervalo de completa??o que contribu?ram para a redu??o do efeito, aumento assim o fator de recupera??o. Foi mostrada uma maior viabilidade t?cnica-econ?mica para o modelo de dist?ncia entre os po?os de 100 m. A an?lise foi realizada utilizando o simulador comercial da CMG (Computer Modelling Group) - Stars 2007.11, onde foi observada a intera??o entre as vari?veis estudadas em reservat?rios com caracter?sticas semelhantes aos encontrados no Nordeste brasileiro

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseTMAP.pdf: 3429155 bytes, checksum: 9d06d453f156a78546476b9e1a22c995 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Until the early 90s, the simulation of fluid flow in oil reservoir basically used the numerical technique of finite differences. Since then, there was a big development in simulation technology based on streamlines, so that nowadays it is being used in several cases and it can represent the physical mechanisms that influence the fluid flow, such as compressibility, capillarity and gravitational segregation. Streamline-based flow simulation is a tool that can help enough in waterflood project management, because it provides important information not available through traditional simulation of finite differences and shows, in a direct way, the influence between injector well and producer well. This work presents the application of a methodology published in literature for optimizing water injection projects in modeling of a Brazilian Potiguar Basin reservoir that has a large number of wells. This methodology considers changes of injection well rates over time, based on information available through streamline simulation. This methodology reduces injection rates in wells of lower efficiency and increases injection rates in more efficient wells. In the proposed model, the methodology was effective. The optimized alternatives presented higher oil recovery associated with a lower water injection volume. This shows better efficiency and, consequently, reduction in costs. Considering the wide use of the water injection in oil fields, the positive outcome of the modeling is important, because it shows a case study of increasing of oil recovery achieved simply through better distribution of water injection rates / At? o in?cio da d?cada de 90, a simula??o de fluxo em reservat?rio de petr?leo basicamente utilizava a t?cnica num?rica de diferen?as finitas. Desde ent?o, houve um grande desenvolvimento da tecnologia de simula??o com base em linhas de fluxo, de modo que hoje ela tem sido usada em v?rios casos e se encontra adequada para representar os diversos mecanismos f?sicos que influenciam o fluxo de fluidos no reservat?rio, tais como compressibilidade, capilaridade e segrega??o gravitacional. A simula??o baseada em linhas de fluxo ? uma ferramenta que pode ajudar bastante no gerenciamento de projetos de inje??o de ?gua, pois fornece informa??es importantes n?o disponibilizadas atrav?s da simula??o tradicional de diferen?as finitas e mostra, de forma direta, a influ?ncia entre po?o injetor e po?o produtor. Este trabalho apresenta a aplica??o de uma metodologia existente na literatura para otimizar projeto de inje??o de ?gua em um reservat?rio pertencente a um campo de petr?leo da Bacia Potiguar que possui elevado n?mero de po?os. Esta metodologia considera modifica??es das cotas de inje??o dos po?os ao longo do tempo, com base nas informa??es dispon?veis atrav?s da simula??o por linhas de fluxo. Esta metodologia reduz as vaz?es de inje??o dos po?os de menor efici?ncia e aumenta as vaz?es de inje??o dos po?os mais eficientes. No modelo proposto, a metodologia se mostrou eficaz. As alternativas de otimiza??o apresentaram uma maior recupera??o de ?leo associada a um menor volume de inje??o de ?gua. Isto demonstra uma melhor efici?ncia e, consequentemente, uma redu??o de custos. Considerando a ampla utiliza??o da inje??o de ?gua em campos de petr?leo, o resultado positivo da modelagem ? importante, porque apresenta um estudo de caso de aumento da recupera??o de petr?leo, alcan?ado simplesmente atrav?s de uma melhor distribui??o das vaz?es de inje??o de ?gua

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TommyAP_capa_ate_cap4.pdf: 809913 bytes, checksum: 0090aa039ef326f260cb40945133e6d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-27 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The gas injection has become the most important IOR process in the United States. Furthermore, the year 2006 marks the first time the gas injection IOR production has surpassed that of steam injection. In Brazil, the installation of a petrochemical complex in the Northeast of Brazil (Bahia State) offers opportunities for the injection of gases in the fields located in the Rec?ncavo Basin. Field-scale gas injection applications have almost always been associated with design and operational difficulties. The mobility ratio, which controls the volumetric sweep, between the injected gas and displaced oil bank in gas processes, is typically unfavorable due to the relatively low viscosity of the injected gas. Furthermore, the difference between their densities results in severe gravity segregation of fluids in the reservoirs, consequently leading to poor control in the volumetric sweep. Nowadays, from the above applications of gas injection, the WAG process is most popular. However, in attempting to solve the mobility problems, the WAG process gives rise to other problems associated with increased water saturation in the reservoir including diminished gas injectivity and increased competition to the flow of oil. The low field performance of WAG floods with oil recoveries in the range of 5-10% is a clear indication of these problems. In order to find na effective alternative to WAG, the Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) was developed. This process is designed to take advantage of gravity force to allow vertical segregation between the injected CO2 and reservoir crude oil due to their density difference. This process consists of placing horizontal producers near the bottom of the pay zone and injecting g?s through existing vertical wells in field. Homogeneous models were used in this work which can be extrapolated to commercial application for fields located in the Northeast of Brazil. The simulations were performed in a CMG simulator, the STARS 2007.11, where some parameters and their interactions were analyzed. The results have shown that the CO2 injection in GAGD process increased significantly the rate and the final recovery of oil / A inje??o de g?s tem sido o m?todo de recupera??o mais utilizado nos Estados Unidos e o ano de 2006 marca a primeira vez em que a produ??o proveniente dos processos de inje??o de g?s superou os de inje??o de vapor. No Brasil, a instala??o do complexo petroqu?mico, no estado da Bahia, oferece oportunidades para inje??o de g?s na Bacia do Rec?ncavo. As aplica??es de inje??o de g?s em campo foram quase sempre associadas com dificuldades operacionais e de projetos. A raz?o de mobilidade, que controla a varredura volum?trica, entre o g?s injetado e o banco de ?leo deslocado, ? tipicamente desfavor?vel devido ? baixa viscosidade do g?s. Al?m de que a diferen?a entre as densidades conduz a segrega??o gravitacional severa dos fluidos no reservat?rio e consequentemente, levando a um pobre controle na varredura volum?trica. Atualmente, grande parte dos projetos de inje??o de g?s no mundo ? do tipo WAG. Entretanto, na tentativa de resolver os problemas de mobilidade, o processo WAG causa outros problemas como o aumento na satura??o de ?gua no reservat?rio, incluindo a diminui??o na injetividade do g?s e aumento da competi??o no fluxo do ?leo. O baixo desempenho na recupera??o de ?leo deste processo no campo, na ordem de 5 a 10%, ? uma clara indica??o destes problemas. A fim de encontrar uma alternativa eficaz para o WAG, o processo de drenagem gravitacional assistida por inje??o de g?s (GAGD) foi desenvolvido. O processo GAGD ? projetado para tomar vantagem da for?a gravitacional causando assim, a segrega??o vertical entre o CO2 injetado e a reserva de ?leo devido ? diferen?a de densidades. Este processo consiste na coloca??o de po?os produtores horizontais pr?ximos a parte inferior da zona de ?leo e inje??o de g?s atrav?s de po?os verticais existentes em campo. Modelos homog?neos foram utilizados neste trabalho os quais podem ser extrapolados para aplica??o comercial em campos localizados no nordeste brasileiro. As simula??es foram realizadas no simulador da CMG STARS 2007.11, sendo analisados alguns par?metros e suas intera??es. Os resultados mostraram que a inje??o de CO2 no processo GAGD aumentou significativamente a vaz?o e a recupera??o final de ?leo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DayanaLSpdf.pdf: 1986697 bytes, checksum: 096c92db6f636c1bab0aeee590522e53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-31 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Currently, due to part of world is focalized to petroleum, many researches with this theme have been advanced to make possible the production into reservoirs which were classified as unviable. Because of geological and operational challenges presented to oil recovery, more and more efficient methods which are economically successful have been searched. In this background, steam flood is in evidence mainly when it is combined with other procedures to purpose low costs and high recovery factors. This work utilized nitrogen as an alternative fluid after steam flood to adjust the best combination of alternation between these fluids in terms of time and rate injection. To describe the simplified economic profile, many analysis based on liquid cumulative production were performed. The completion interval and injection fluid rates were fixed and the oil viscosity was ranged at 300 cP, 1.000 cP and 3.000 cP. The results defined, for each viscosity, one specific model indicating the best period to stop the introduction of steam and insertion of nitrogen, when the first injected fluid reached its economic limit. Simulations in physics model defined from one-eighth nine-spot inverted were realized using the commercial simulator Steam, Thermal and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator STARS of Computer Modelling Group CMG / Atualmente, pelo fato de parte do mundo estar voltada para a ind?stria do petr?leo, as pesquisas na ?rea t?m avan?ado de modo a tornar poss?vel at? mesmo a produ??o em reservat?rios at? ent?o vistos como invi?veis. Em virtude dos desafios geol?gicos e operacionais apresentados para recuperar o ?leo, cada vez mais se intensifica a busca por m?todos mais eficientes e lucrativos. Neste cen?rio, a inje??o de vapor merece destaque, sobretudo, quando combinada com outros procedimentos visando assim, reduzir os custos, ao mesmo tempo em que aumenta o fator de recupera??o. O presente trabalho utilizou o nitrog?nio como fluido alternativo ap?s a inje??o de vapor a fim de ajustar a melhor combina??o de altern?ncia desses fluidos em termos do tempo e vaz?o de inje??o. Para tra?ar um perfil econ?mico simplificado do processo, realizaram-se an?lises com base na produ??o acumulada l?quida. O intervalo de completa??o e as vaz?es dos fluidos de inje??o foram fixados e variou-se a viscosidade do ?leo em 300 cP, 1.000 cP e 3.000 cP. Os resultados definiram, para cada viscosidade, um modelo espec?fico indicando o melhor per?odo para interrup??o do vapor e inser??o do nitrog?nio, quando o primeiro fluido injetado atingiu seu limite econ?mico. As simula??es foram realizadas em um modelo f?sico definido a partir de 1/8 (um oitavo) do padr?o nine-spot invertido, utilizando o simulador comercial Steam, Thermal and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator STARS do Computer Modelling Group CMG

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AmandaGO.pdf: 1269225 bytes, checksum: bb3d37e917eb9a6a37d5196f82512218 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-27 / The objective of reservoir engineering is to manage fields of oil production in order to maximize the production of hydrocarbons according to economic and physical restrictions. The deciding of a production strategy is a complex activity involving several variables in the process. Thus, a smart system, which assists in the optimization of the options for developing of the field, is very useful in day-to-day of reservoir engineers. This paper proposes the development of an intelligent system to aid decision making, regarding the optimization of strategies of production in oil fields. The intelligence of this system will be implemented through the use of the technique of reinforcement learning, which is presented as a powerful tool in problems of multi-stage decision. The proposed system will allow the specialist to obtain, in time, a great alternative (or near-optimal) for the development of an oil field known / O objetivo da engenharia de reservat?rios ? o de gerenciar campos de produ??o de petr?leo de forma a maximizar a produ??o dos hidrocarbonetos obedecendo a restri??es f?sicas e econ?micas existentes. A defini??o de estrat?gias de produ??o ? uma atividade complexa por envolver diversas vari?veis do processo. Deste modo, um sistema inteligente, que auxilie na otimiza??o das alternativas de desenvolvimento do campo, torna-se bastante ?til no dia-a-dia dos engenheiros de reservat?rios. Este trabalho prop?e o estudo preliminar de um sistema inteligente de aux?lio ? tomadas de decis?es, no que diz respeito ? otimiza??o de estrat?gias de produ??o em campos de petr?leo. A intelig?ncia desse sistema ser? implementada por meio do uso da t?cnica de aprendizado por refor?o, a qual se apresenta como uma poderosa ferramenta em problemas de decis?o multi-est?gios. O sistema estudado visa permitir que o especialista obtenha, em tempo h?bil, a alternativa ?tima (ou quase-?tima) para o desenvolvimento de um campo de petr?leo conhecido

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AldayrDAJ.pdf: 1169839 bytes, checksum: a47b70e79b9bb61b42503d47bffbccd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-27 / One of the main activities in the petroleum engineering is to estimate the oil production in the existing oil reserves. The calculation of these reserves is crucial to determine the economical feasibility of your explotation. Currently, the petroleum industry is facing problems to analyze production due to the exponentially increasing amount of data provided by the production facilities. Conventional reservoir modeling techniques like numerical reservoir simulation and visualization were well developed and are available. This work proposes intelligent methods, like artificial neural networks, to predict the oil production and compare the results with the ones obtained by the numerical simulation, method quite a lot used in the practice to realization of the oil production prediction behavior. The artificial neural networks will be used due your learning, adaptation and interpolation capabilities / Uma das atividades essenciais na engenharia de petroleo e a estimativa de producao de oleo existente nas reservas petroliferas. O calculo dessas reservas e crucial para a determina??o da viabilidade economica de sua explotacao. Atualmente, a industria do petroleo tem se deparado com problemas para analisar a producao enquanto facilidades operacionais disponibilizam um volume de informacoes que crescem exponencialmente. Tecnicas convencionais de modelagem de reservatorios como simulacao matematica e visualizacao estao bem desenvolvidas e disponiveis. A proposta deste trabalho e o uso de tecnicas inteligentes, como as redes neurais artificiais, para a predicao de producao de petroleo e comparar seus resultados com os obtidos pela simulacao numerica, metodo bastante utilizado na pratica para a realizacao de predicao do comportamento da producao de petroleo. As redes neurais artificiais serao usadas devido a sua capacidade de aprendizado, adaptacao e interpolacao

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ernesto Vargas Bautista_DISSERT_01_59.pdf: 4396872 bytes, checksum: 70a69eb1e9973135d541fd7ce76f4ed9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In Brazil and around the world, oil companies are looking for, and expected development of new technologies and processes that can increase the oil recovery factor in mature reservoirs, in a simple and inexpensive way. So, the latest research has developed a new process called Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) which was classified as a gas injection IOR. The process, which is undergoing pilot testing in the field, is being extensively studied through physical scale models and core-floods laboratory, due to high oil recoveries in relation to other gas injection IOR. This process consists of injecting gas at the top of a reservoir through horizontal or vertical injector wells and displacing the oil, taking advantage of natural gravity segregation of fluids, to a horizontal producer well placed at the bottom of the reservoir. To study this process it was modeled a homogeneous reservoir and a model of multi-component fluid with characteristics similar to light oil Brazilian fields through a compositional simulator, to optimize the operational parameters. The model of the process was simulated in GEM (CMG, 2009.10). The operational parameters studied were the gas injection rate, the type of gas injection, the location of the injector and production well. We also studied the presence of water drive in the process. The results showed that the maximum vertical spacing between the two wells, caused the maximum recovery of oil in GAGD. Also, it was found that the largest flow injection, it obtained the largest recovery factors. This parameter controls the speed of the front of the gas injected and determined if the gravitational force dominates or not the process in the recovery of oil. Natural gas had better performance than CO2 and that the presence of aquifer in the reservoir was less influential in the process. In economic analysis found that by injecting natural gas is obtained more economically beneficial than CO2 / No Brasil e no mundo, as empresas de petr?leo est?o ? procura, desenvolvimento e ? espera de novas tecnologias e processos que possam elevar o fator de recupera??o de ?leo em seus reservat?rios, com um equilibrado custo-benef?cio. Na procura de novas tecnologias foi desenvolvido o processo de drenagem gravitacional assistida por g?s (GAGD Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage) que foi classificado dentro dos m?todos de recupera??o avan?ada de ?leo. O processo GAGD, que se encontra em fase de teste piloto em campo, est? sendo muito estudado atrav?s de modelos f?sicos em escala de laborat?rio e em testemunhos, isto devido ?s altas recupera??es de ?leo em rela??o aos outros processos de inje??o de g?s. Este m?todo consiste em injetar g?s no topo de um reservat?rio atrav?s de po?os injetores verticais ou horizontais e deslocar o ?leo, aproveitando a segrega??o gravitacional natural dos fluidos, para um po?o produtor horizontal colocado na base do reservat?rio. Para estudar este processo foi idealizado um reservat?rio homog?neo e um modelo de fluido multicomponente com caracter?sticas parecidas aos campos de ?leo leve do Brasil para que, atrav?s de um simulador composicional, se analisem os par?metros operacionais. O processo foi simulado no programa comercial GEM da CMG (Computer Modelling Group). Os par?metros operacionais estudados foram a vaz?o de inje??o de g?s, o tipo de g?s injetado (g?s natural e CO2), a localiza??o do po?o injetor e do po?o produtor. Tamb?m foi estudada a presen?a de aq??fero no processo. Os resultados mostraram que o m?ximo espa?amento vertical entre os dois po?os, provocou a m?xima recupera??o de ?leo no GAGD. Tamb?m, verificou-se que a maiores vaz?es de inje??o, se obtiveram os maiores fatores de recupera??o. Este par?metro controlou a velocidade da frente do g?s injetado e determinou se a for?a gravitacional domina ou n?o sobre o processo na recupera??o de ?leo. O g?s natural teve melhor desempenho que o CO2 e que, a presen?a de aq??fero no reservat?rio influenciou pouco no processo. Na an?lise econ?mica verificou-se que a inje??o de g?s natural obteve o melhor beneficio econ?mico que com CO2

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina Medeiros Dantas Barbosa_DISSERT_01_35.pdf: 3284535 bytes, checksum: 7cd819680331f233db6c8299e7522b7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-12 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Continuous steam injection is one of heavy oil thermal recovery methods used in the Brazilian Northeast because of high occurrence of heavy oil reservoir. In this process, the oil into the reservoir is heated while reduces, substantially, its viscosity and improves the production. This work analyzed how the shaly sand layers influenced in the recovery. The studied models were synthetics, but the used reservoir data can be extrapolated to real situations of Potiguar Basin. The modeling was executed using the STARS - Steam Thermal and Advanced Process Reservoir Simulator - whose version was 2007.10. STARS is a tool of CMG Computer Modeling Group. The study was conducted in two stages, the first we analyzed the influence of reservoir parameters in the thermal process, so some of these were studied, including: horizontal permeability of the reservoir and the layer of shaly sand, ratio of horizontal permeability to vertical permeability, the influence of capillary pressure layer of shaly sand and as the location and dimensions of this heterogeneity can affect the productivity of oil. Among the parameters studied the horizontal permeability of the reservoir showed the most significant influence on the process followed by diversity. In the second stage three models were selected and studied some operational parameters such as injection rate, distance between wells, production time and completion intervals. Among the operating parameters studied the low rate and intermediate distances between wells showed the best recoveries / A inje??o cont?nua de vapor ? um dos m?todos t?rmicos de recupera??o de ?leos pesados utilizados no Nordeste Brasileiro, devido ? grande ocorr?ncia de reservat?rios contendo este tipo de ?leo. Este processo consiste em aquecer o ?leo existente no reservat?rio diminuindo substancialmente a sua viscosidade melhorando assim, a sua produ??o. Neste trabalho foi estudada qual a influ?ncia da presen?a de camadas de areia argilosas no reservat?rio para este tipo de recupera??o. Os modelos s?o sint?ticos, por?m com dados de reservat?rios que podem ser extrapolados para situa??es de aplica??es pr?ticas na Bacia Potiguar que apresenta reservat?rios com essa heterogeneidade. A modelagem foi implementada no simulador de recupera??o t?rmica STARS (Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator) vers?o 2007.10 da CMG (Computer Modelling Group). O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas, na primeira foi analisada a influ?ncia dos par?metros de reservat?rio neste processo t?rmico, sendo assim, alguns desses foram estudados, dentre eles: permeabilidade horizontal do reservat?rio e da camada de areia argilosa, rela??o da permeabilidade horizontal com a permeabilidade vertical, influ?ncia da press?o capilar da camada de areia argilosa e como a localiza??o e as dimens?es dessa heterogeneidade podem afetar a produtividade de ?leo. Dentre os par?metros estudados a permeabilidade horizontal do reservat?rio foi o que apresentou maior influ?ncia significativa ao processo seguido da heterogeneidade. Na segunda etapa foram selecionados tr?s modelos e estudado alguns par?metros operacionais, tais como: vaz?o de inje??o, dist?ncia entre po?os, tempo de produ??o e intervalos de completa??o. Dentre os par?metros operacionais estudados as baixas vaz?es e as dist?ncias entre po?os intermedi?rias foram as que apresentaram as melhores recupera??es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoPC_DISSERT.pdf: 1471839 bytes, checksum: 916c40a19572e874803d077f6852a370 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-18 / In Brazilian Northeast there are reservoirs with heavy oil, which use steam flooding as a recovery method. This process allows to reduce oil viscosity, increasing its mobility and consequently its oil recovery. Steam injection is a thermal method and can occurs in continues or cyclic form. Cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) can be repeated several times. Each cycle consisting of three stages: steam injection, soaking time and production phase. CSS becomes less efficient with an increase of number of cycles. Thus, this work aims to study the influence of compositional models in cyclic steam injection and the effects of some parameters, such like: flow injection, steam quality and temperature of steam injected, analyzing the influence of pseudocomponents numbers on oil rate, cumulative oil, oil recovery and simulation time. In the situations analyzed was compared the model of fluid of three phases and three components known as Blackoil . Simulations were done using commercial software (CMG), it was analyzed a homogeneous reservoir with characteristics similar to those found in Brazilian Northeast. It was observed that an increase of components number, increase the time spent in simulation. As for analyzed parameters, it appears that the steam rate, and steam quality has influence on cumulative oil and oil recovery. The number of components did not a lot influenced on oil recovery, however it has influenced on gas production / No Nordeste brasileiro existem reservat?rios de ?leos pesados, nos quais se utiliza a inje??o de vapor como m?todo de recupera??o. Este processo permite diminuir a viscosidade do ?leo, aumentando a sua mobilidade e melhorando o volume de ?leo a ser recuperado. A inje??o de vapor ? um m?todo t?rmico e ocorre na forma cont?nua ou c?clica. A inje??o c?clica de vapor pode ser repetida diversas vezes. Cada ciclo consiste de tr?s etapas distintas: a fase de inje??o, fase de fechamento (soaking) e fase de produ??o. A inje??o c?clica se torna menos eficiente ? medida que o n?mero de ciclos aumenta. Neste sentido, este trabalho visa estudar a influ?ncia de modelos composicionais na inje??o c?clica de vapor e os efeitos de alguns par?metros, tais como: vaz?o de inje??o, qualidade do vapor e temperatura do vapor injetado; analisando a influ?ncia do n?mero de pseudocomponentes, no que diz respeito ? vaz?o de ?leo, produ??o acumulada de ?leo, fator de recupera??o e tempo de simula??o. Nas situa??es analisadas foi comparado o modelo de fluido de tr?s fases e tr?s componentes conhecido como Black-oil . Foram realizadas simula??es, utilizando um simulador comercial a partir de um modelo de reservat?rio homog?neo com caracter?sticas similares ?s encontradas no Nordeste brasileiro. Observou-se que quanto maior o n?mero de componentes, maior ? o tempo gasto na simula??o. J? para os par?metros analisados, verifica-se que a vaz?o de inje??o de vapor e a qualidade do vapor influenciam na produ??o acumulada de ?leo e no fator de recupera??o. O n?mero de componentes n?o exerceu muita influ?ncia na produ??o acumulada, nem no fator de recupera??o de ?leo, por?m foi significativa na produ??o de g?s do sistema