Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:48:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdmilsonCR_DISSERT.pdf: 2891870 bytes, checksum: f918eb51bee8f43b778a96c5fd23f003 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-07 / The aim of this work is the numerical simulation of the mechanical performance of concrete affected by Alkali-Aggregate Reaction or RAA, reported by Stanton in 1940. The RAA has aroused attention in the context of Civil Engineering from the early 80, when they were reported consequences of his swelling effect in concrete structures, including cracking, failure and loss of serviceability. Despite the availability of experimental results the problem formulation still lacks refinement so that your solution remains doubtful. The numerical simulation is important resource for the assessment of damages in structures caused by the reaction, and their recoveries The tasks of support of this work were performed by means of the finite element approach, about orthotropic non-linear formulation, and, thermodynamic model of deformation by RAA. The results obtained revealed that the swelling effect of RAA induced decline of the mechanical performance of concrete by decreasing the margin of safety prior to the material failure. They showed that the temperature influences, exclusively, the kinetics of the reaction, so that the failure was the more precocious the higher the temperature of the solid mass of concrete / O objetivo deste trabalho ? a simula??o num?rica do desempenho Mec?nico de membros de concreto afetados pela Rea??o ?lcali-Agregado ou RAA, reportada por Stanton em 1940. A RAA despertou a aten??o no ?mbito da Engenharia Civil a partir da d?cada de 80, quando foram relatadas consequ?ncias de seu efeito expansivo em estruturas de concreto, incluindo fissura??o, ru?na e perda de funcionalidade. Apesar da disponibilidade de resultados experimentais a formula??o do problema ainda carece de aperfei?oamento de modo que sua solu??o permanece duvidosa. A simula??o num?rica ? recurso importante para a avalia??o de danos em estruturas provocados pela rea??o, e suas recupera??es. As tarefas de suporte desse trabalho foram realizadas mediante a aproxima??o por elementos finitos, sobre formula??o ortotr?pica n?o linear, e, modelo termodin?mico de deforma??es por RAA. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o efeito expansivo da RAA induziu o decl?nio do desempenho mec?nico do concreto diminuindo a margem de seguran?a pr?via ? ru?na do material. Ficou evidente que a temperatura influencia, exclusivamente, a cin?tica da rea??o, de modo que a ru?na foi tanto mais precoce quanto maior a temperatura da massa s?lida do concreto

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-16T22:25:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmarAlexandreGuedesJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 5929995 bytes, checksum: a36bb4fc00b8498bf0fbb8727e65d0ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-23T21:46:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmarAlexandreGuedesJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 5929995 bytes, checksum: a36bb4fc00b8498bf0fbb8727e65d0ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T21:46:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmarAlexandreGuedesJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 5929995 bytes, checksum: a36bb4fc00b8498bf0fbb8727e65d0ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / A prov?ncia pr?-sal ? composta por grandes acumula??es de ?leo leve, de excelente qualidade e com alto valor comercial, uma realidade que coloca o Brasil em uma posi??o estrat?gica frente ? grande demanda de energia mundial. Nessa prov?ncia encontram-se as maiores descobertas realizadas no mundo nos ?ltimos dez anos; as ?reas de Libra, de Franco e o Campo de Lula, todas com volumes superiores a 8 bilh?es de barris de ?leo recuper?veis. Para desenvolver e otimizar a produ??o desses campos, foi feito um estudo para escolha dos m?todos de recupera??o avan?ada, tendo como principais motiva??es a presen?a do di?xido de carbono (CO2) como contaminante e a decis?o estrat?gica de n?o o descartar, combinada ? alta RGO (raz?o g?s-?leo) do fluido do reservat?rio. O m?todo deveria tirar vantagem dos ?nicos recursos abundantes: a ?gua do mar e o g?s produzido. Dessa maneira, o processo de combinar esses recursos na inje??o alternada de ?gua e g?s (WAG) passou a ser visto como uma boa op??o. Nessa disserta??o, foi desenvolvido um modelo de reservat?rio com caracter?sticas do pr?-sal brasileiro, sendo aplicado o m?todo de recupera??o avan?ada de inje??o alternada de ?gua e g?s. O potencial de produ??o desse reservat?rio foi analisado por meio de par?metros como: fluido que inicia o processo de inje??o, posi??o das completa??es dos po?os injetores, bem como vaz?es de inje??o de ?gua e de g?s e o tempo de ciclo de cada fluido injetado. Os resultados mostraram um bom desempenho do m?todo WAG-CO2 misc?vel, com ganhos de at? 26% no FR com rela??o a recupera??o prim?ria, j? a aplica??o da inje??o de ?gua e de g?s, de maneira individual, n?o foi capaz de superar o patamar de 10% de ganho. O par?metro de maior influ?ncia nos resultados foi o tempo de ciclo, com maiores valores de FR obtidos com a utiliza??o dos menores tempos. / The pre-salt province is composed by large amounts of light oil and with good quality, a reality that puts Brazil in a strategic position facing the great demand for energy worldwide. In this province are the largest discoveries in the world in the last ten years; areas as Libra, Franco and Lula field, everyone containing volumes greater than 8 billion recoverable oil barrels. To develop and optimize the production of these fields, a study was done for choosing the improved oil recovery methods. The main motivations were the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a contaminant and the strategic decision of do not discard it, combined with high GOR (gas-oil ratio) of the reservoir fluid. The method should take advantage of the unique abundant resources: seawater and produced gas. This way, the process of matching these resources in the water alterning gas injection (WAG) became a good option. In this master?s dissertation, it was developed a reservoir model with average characteristics of the Brazilian pre-salt, where was applied the improved oil recovery method of water alternating gas. The production of this reservoir was analyzed by parameters as: the first fluid injected in the injection process, position of the injection wells completion, injection water and gas rate and cycle time. The results showed a good performance of the method, with up to 26% of gains in the recovery factor regarding the primary recovery, since the application of water injection and gas, individually, was not able to overcome 10 % of gain. The most influential parameter found in the results was the cycle time, with higher recovery factor values obtained with the use of shorter times.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-27T00:31:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlleneDeLourdesSoutoDeMoura_DISSERT.pdf: 5567423 bytes, checksum: 8ec48193c0808bf559ec17f275d69b74 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-02T20:22:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlleneDeLourdesSoutoDeMoura_DISSERT.pdf: 5567423 bytes, checksum: 8ec48193c0808bf559ec17f275d69b74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T20:22:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlleneDeLourdesSoutoDeMoura_DISSERT.pdf: 5567423 bytes, checksum: 8ec48193c0808bf559ec17f275d69b74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-06 / Grande parte das reservas de hidrocarbonetos atualmente existentes s?o formadas por ?leos pesados e devido a sua alta viscosidade, os m?todos convencionais n?o s?o capazes de desloca-los at? o po?o produtor de maneira satisfat?ria, deixando um grande volume de ?leo retido no reservat?rio. Um dos m?todos utilizados para a recupera??o de ?leo pesado ? o m?todo t?rmico, que tem como caracter?stica principal reduzir a viscosidade do ?leo facilitando assim seu deslocamento at? o po?o produtor. Os m?todos t?rmicos podem utilizar-se da inje??o de energia em forma de calor no reservat?rio, onde faz com que a temperatura do ?leo aumente, diminuindo assim sua viscosidade e consequentemente melhorando a sua mobilidade. O Nordeste Brasileiro possui principalmente muitos reservat?rios de ?leo pesado, onde ? aplicado o m?todo de inje??o de vapor na forma cont?nua. A inje??o cont?nua de vapor atua tanto termicamente como mecanicamente no reservat?rio, al?m do calor latente transmitido ao reservat?rio aquecer o ?leo nele existente, proporcionando assim uma redu??o da sua viscosidade, ele o desloca at? o po?o produtor. O desempenho deste processo pode ser afetado significativamente por determinados par?metros operacionais e geom?tricos do reservat?rio. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi estudar diferentes dist?ncias entre po?os no processo de inje??o de vapor, aplicando-o em um reservat?rio semissint?tico com caracter?sticas semelhantes aos encontrados no Nordeste Brasileiro, al?m disso foi realizada uma an?lise econ?mica dos modelos estudados atrav?s do VPL (Valor Presente L?quido). Para realizar o trabalho foi utilizado um programa de simula??o num?rica de reservat?rios da CMG (Computer Modeling Group), o software STARS (Steam, Thermal and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator). Verificou-se que, aumentando-se a vaz?o de vapor at? um determinado valor, h? um incremento na produ??o. Em rela??o ?s dist?ncias entre os po?os, quanto menor, mais r?pido o ?leo atinge o po?o produtor, al?m de atingir sua produ??o m?xima antecipadamente em rela??o ?s maiores. Por?m ? indispens?vel analisar a viabilidade econ?mica do projeto, pois de acordo com os resultados uma maior produ??o n?o necessariamente acarretar? em um melhor retorno financeiro. / Some of the existing hydrocarbon reserves currently are comprised of heavy oils and due to its high viscosity, conventional methods are not able to move it until the well producer satisfactorily, leaving large volume of trapped oil in reservoir. One method for heavy oil recovery is the thermal method, which has a main characteristic reduce the oil viscosity facilitating its displacement to the well producer. The thermal methods heat back on energy injection in the form of heat in the reservoir, where it causes the oil temperature increase, reducing so his viscosity and therefore improving their mobility. The Brazilian Northeast has many mainly heavy oil reservoirs, where are implemented continuous steam injection method. The continuous steam injection acts both thermally as mechanically in the reservoir, beside the latent heat transmitted to heat the oil in the reservoir, thus providing a reduction in viscosity, it pushes up the production well. The performance of this process can be significantly affected by certain operating and geometric parameters of the reservoir. The main objective of this work was to study different distances between wells in the steam injection process, applying it in a semi-synthetic reservoir with characteristics similar to those found in Brazilian Northeast and to complete was realized an economic analysis of the models studied using of the NPV (Net Present Value). To do the work was used a numerical simulation program reservoirs of CMG (Computer Modeling Group), the STARS (Steam, Thermal and Advanced Process Reservoir Simulator) software. It was found that increasing the steam flow to a certain value there is an increase in oil production. About the distances, how smaller, faster the oil reaches the production well. However it is essential to analyze the economic feasibility of the project, because of according to the results the largest production not necessarily will bring in a better return.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-27T00:31:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioItaloAlvesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4463689 bytes, checksum: 551e6cfc6b5b3ee103a6159082da29de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-02T20:35:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioItaloAlvesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4463689 bytes, checksum: 551e6cfc6b5b3ee103a6159082da29de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T20:35:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioItaloAlvesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4463689 bytes, checksum: 551e6cfc6b5b3ee103a6159082da29de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-19 / A descoberta do pr?-sal em 2006 trouxe novas expectativas para o futuro do setor petrol?fero no Brasil. Por?m, muitos desafios est?o relacionados ? atividade de explora??o e produ??o daquela regi?o, como por exemplo a perfura??o de uma extensa camada de sal, quest?es de log?stica e a alta concentra??o de CO2 (entre 8% e 12%). Esse g?s associado ao g?s natural n?o pode apenas ser lan?ado para atmosfera por quest?es ambientais e, portanto, a reinje??o desse g?s pode ser uma alternativa vi?vel. O CO2 causa inchamento do ?leo, reduzindo sua viscosidade e, portanto, facilita o fluxo de ?leo para o po?o produtor. Foi modelado um reservat?rio com caracter?sticas do pr?-sal no simulador comercial da CMG (Computer Modelling Group). Foram analisados par?metros como vaz?o de inje??o, dist?ncia vertical entre os po?os produtor e injetor, comprimento dos po?os e dist?ncia do po?o produtor ? base do reservat?rio e como esses par?metros influenciam no processo. O tempo total de projeto foi de 35 anos e as an?lise ocorreram para o primeiro ano de projeto, 2 anos 5, 15. 20 e 35 anos. O melhor caso conferiu um fator de recupera??o de 60% e em todos os anos, a vaz?o de inje??o foi o par?metro que mais influenciou no projeto. Em seguida procedeu-se uma an?lise econ?mica para dois cen?rios: comprando CO2 e transportando atrav?s de um carboduto e reinjetando o mesmo no po?o a partir da separa??o do g?s da corrente de g?s natural. A partir da viabilidade econ?mica dos dois projetos, foi analisado os impactos no VPL de oscicla??es dos componentes do fluxo de caixa . / The Discovery of Pr?-Sal (huge oil field located in a pre-salt layer undersea) in 2006 increased the persperctive of petroleum production to Brazil. Characterized as an light oil (28? - 30? API) comparing to the national average, many challenges were overcome to make the exploration economically viable. One of the problems found to produce oil from that region was the high percentage of carbon dioxide (between 8% and 12%), reaching 75% molar in some regions like J?piter field. The alternative found was to reinject the carbon dioxide from the separation of the natural g?s made on own production platform (an FPSO). The reinjection study was realized from the modeling of an light oil, with 8% of carbon dioxide, and an homogeneous oil reservoir, semi-synthetic, with similar characteristics to that region. It was implemented a Project with a time of 35 years and studied the following paramethers: Carbon dioxide flow rate, vertical distance between horizontal rigs used, distance from the rig to the base of the reservoir and the length of the producer rig to the injector rig. After choosing the best scenario, it was realized an analysis of the sensibility related to the injection flow rate reaching a fraction of recovered oil of 64%. In sequence, was realized an economic analysis from two cases: for the first one was admitted the purchase of carbon dioxide from an anthropogenic source and its transport to the platform made by a carboduct. The second case was considered the reinjection of produced gas by the rig from the process of membrane permeation with posterior reinjection. The first one obtained a maximum NPV (Net Present Value) of US$129.885.806,68 and the second one a maximum NPV of US$325.329.657,00. At last, was realized an uncertainty analysis towards the components values of the cash flow for both cases, verifying wich components is more sensitive to the NPV.

Submitted by Raniere Barreto (raniere.barros@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-07T19:57:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) victor_luiz_batista_aguiar.pdf: 2508647 bytes, checksum: 87d9596e1cf8e04b90b12aa373fa4748 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-08T12:30:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) victor_luiz_batista_aguiar.pdf: 2508647 bytes, checksum: 87d9596e1cf8e04b90b12aa373fa4748 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T12:30:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) victor_luiz_batista_aguiar.pdf: 2508647 bytes, checksum: 87d9596e1cf8e04b90b12aa373fa4748 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A crescente demanda pela utiliza??o de recursos h?dricos em nossa sociedade faz com que seja necess?ria a amplia??o dos meios de capta??o de ?gua. As ?guas subterr?neas surgem como alternativa ? capta??o convencional, tendo em vista que o armazenamento da ?gua nas camadas inferiores do solo garanta a manuten??o da qualidade deste recurso, uma vez que passam por processos naturais de filtra??o. Nesse sentido, a caracteriza??o dos sistemas aqu?feros por meio de modelagem matem?tica surge como ferramenta de aux?lio na compreens?o do fluxo subterr?neo local. A presente pesquisa tem como principal objetivo analisar o comportamento hidrogeol?gico do munic?pio de Te?filo Otoni - MG, com base em simula??es oriundas de modelos conceituais, pelo m?todo das diferen?as finitas. Por meio de simula??o de propriedades influentes no transporte h?drico como taxa de recarga, vaz?o de bombeamento de po?os e condutividade hidr?ulica, foi poss?vel observar as varia??es nos valores m?ximos e m?nimos de carga hidr?ulica em pontos discretizados nos limites do modelo conceitual proposto, auxiliando assim no entendimento dos resultados obtidos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The growing demand for the use of water resources in our society makes it necessary to expand the means of abstraction of water. Groundwater emerges as an alternative to conventional abstraction, owing to the storage of water in the lower layers of the soil ensures the maintenance of the quality of this resource, since they undergo natural filtration processes. In this sense, the characterization of the aquifer systems through mathematical modeling appears as a tool to aid in the understanding of the local underground flow. The present research has as main objective to analyze the hydrogeological behavior of Te?filo Otoni - MG, based on simulations derived from conceptual models, by the finite difference method. By means of simulation of influent properties in the water transport as recharge rate, well pumping rate and hydraulic conductivity it was possible to observe the variations in the maximum and minimum values of hydraulic head in discretized points within the limits of the proposed conceptual model, thus helping in the understanding of the results obtained.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexandreGO.pdf: 6124426 bytes, checksum: 389b880174773cea0368c6ef235f37ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Nowadays, evaluation methods to measure thermal performance of buildings have been developed in order to improve thermal comfort in buildings and reduce the use of energy with active cooling and heating systems. However, in developed countries, the criteria used in rating systems to asses the thermal and energy performance of buildings have demonstrated some limitations when applied to naturally ventilated building in tropical climates. The present research has as its main objective to propose a method to evaluate the thermal performance of low-rise residential buildings in warm humid climates, through computational simulation. The method was developed in order to conceive a suitable rating system for the athermal performance assessment of such buildings using as criteria the indoor air temperature and a thermal comfort adaptive model. The research made use of the software VisualDOE 4.1 in two simulations runs of a base case modeled for two basic types of occupancies: living room and bedroom. In the first simulation run, sensitive analyses were made to identify the variables with the higher impact over the cases? thermal performance. Besides that, the results also allowed the formulation of design recommendations to warm humid climates toward an improvement on the thermal performance of residential building in similar situations. The results of the second simulation run was used to identify the named Thermal Performance Spectrum (TPS) of both occupancies types, which reflect the variations on the thermal performance considering the local climate, building typology, chosen construction material and studied occupancies. This analysis generates an index named IDTR Thermal Performance Resultant Index, which was configured as a thermal performance rating system. It correlates the thermal performance with the number of hours that the indoor air temperature was on each of the six thermal comfort bands pre-defined that received weights to measure the discomfort intensity. The use of this rating system showed to be appropriated when used in one of the simulated cases, presenting advantages in relation to other evaluation methods and becoming a tool for the understanding of building thermal behavior / Atualmente, m?todos de avalia??o do desempenho t?rmico e energ?tico de edifica??es t?m sido desenvolvidos com o intuito de otimizar o conforto t?rmico em edifica??es e reduzir o consumo de energia com sistemas de condicionamento ativo. Entretanto, em pa?ses desenvolvidos, os crit?rios utilizados para avaliar o desempenho t?rmico e energ?tico de edifica??es t?m demonstrado limita??es quando aplicados em edifica??es naturalmente ventiladas em climas tropicais. A presente pesquisa teve como principal objetivo propor um m?todo para avalia??o do desempenho t?rmico de edifica??es residenciais unifamiliares no clima quente e ?mido, atrav?s da simula??o computacional. O m?todo foi desenvolvido a fim de gerar um sistema de classifica??o adequado na avalia??o destas edifica??es, usando como crit?rios de an?lise a temperatura interna do ar e um modelo adaptativo de conforto t?rmico. A pesquisa utilizou o aplicativo VisualDOE 4.1 em duas s?ries de simula??es de um caso base, caracterizado por duas ocupa??es t?picas: quarto e sala. Na primeira s?rie foram realizadas an?lises de sensibilidade para identificar as vari?veis de maior impacto sobre o desempenho t?rmico dos casos. Al?m disso, os resultados tamb?m permitiram a elabora??o de recomenda??es de projeto para o clima tropical visando melhorias no desempenho t?rmico de edifica??es residenciais em situa??es semelhantes. Os resultados da segunda s?rie de simula??es foram utilizados para identificar o chamado Espectro de Desempenho T?rmico (EDT) para os dois tipos de ocupa??o, no qual reflete a varia??o de desempenho t?rmico considerando o clima local, tipologia da edifica??o, materiais construtivos escolhidos e ocupa??es analisadas. Essa an?lise serviu de base para o desenvolvimento de um ?ndice nomeado de IDTR - ?ndice de Desempenho T?rmico Resultante, que foi configurado como um sistema de classifica??o de desempenho t?rmico. Esse associa o desempenho t?rmico com o n?mero de horas em que a temperatura interna do ar encontra-se em cada uma das seis faixas de conforto t?rmico pr?-definidas que receberam pesos a fim de ponderar a intensidade de desconforto t?rmico. A aplica??o desse sistema mostrou-se apropriado quando aplicado a um dos casos simulados, apresentando vantagens em rela??o a outros m?todos de avalia??o existentes e se tornou uma ferramenta para o entendimento do comportamento t?rmico de edifica??es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaoniVSL_TESE_CAPA_A_CAP 4.pdf: 3294621 bytes, checksum: 8a959519efff80a0112daae4f73d724f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This thesis aims to describe and demonstrate the developed concept to facilitate the use of thermal simulation tools during the building design process. Despite the impact of architectural elements on the performance of buildings, some influential decisions are frequently based solely on qualitative information. Even though such design support is adequate for most decisions, the designer will eventually have doubts concerning the performance of some design decisions. These situations will require some kind of additional knowledge to be properly approached. The concept of designerly ways of simulating focuses on the formulation and solution of design dilemmas, which are doubts about the design that cannot be fully understood nor solved without using quantitative information. The concept intends to combine the power of analysis from computer simulation tools with the capacity of synthesis from architects. Three types of simulation tools are considered: solar analysis, thermal/energy simulation and CFD. Design dilemmas are formulated and framed according to the architect s reflection process about performance aspects. Throughout the thesis, the problem is investigated in three fields: professional, technical and theoretical fields. This approach on distinct parts of the problem aimed to i) characterize different professional categories with regards to their design practice and use of tools, ii) investigate preceding researchers on the use of simulation tools and iii) draw analogies between the proposed concept, and some concepts developed or described in previous works about design theory. The proposed concept was tested in eight design dilemmas extracted from three case studies in the Netherlands. The three investigated processes are houses designed by Dutch architectural firms. Relevant information and criteria from each case study were obtained through interviews and conversations with the involved architects. The practical application, despite its success in the research context, allowed the identification of some applicability limitations of the concept, concerning the architects need to have technical knowledge and the actual evolution stage of simulation tools / Esta tese tem o objetivo de descrever e demonstrar o conceito desenvolvido para facilitar o uso de ferramentas de simula??o t?rmica durante o processo de projeto arquitet?nico. A despeito do impacto de elementos arquitet?nicos no desempenho de edifica??es, decis?es influentes s?o freq?entemente baseadas apenas em informa??es qualitativas. Apesar desse tipo de suporte ser adequado para boa parte das decis?es, o projetista ir?, eventualmente, ter d?vidas sobre algumas decis?es durante o projeto. Essas situa??es ir?o necessitar de informa??es adicionais para serem adequadamente abordadas. O conceito de modos projetuais de simula??o ? centrado na formula??o e resolu??o de dilemas de projeto, que s?o d?vidas de projeto que n?o podem ser satisfatoriamente compreendidas ou resolvidas sem o uso de informa??es quantitativas. O conceito busca combinar o poder de an?lise de ferramentas computacionais com a capacidade de s?ntese do projetista. Tr?s tipos de ferramentas s?o considerados: an?lise solar, t?rmica/energ?tica e CFD. Dilemas de projeto s?o formulados e enquadrados de acordo com o processo de reflex?o do arquiteto sobre aspectos de desempenho. Ao longo da tese, o problema ? investigado em tr?s diferentes esferas: profissional, t?cnica e te?rica. Essa abordagem de diferentes partes do problema buscou i) caracterizar diferentes categorias profissionais no que se refere ? pr?tica projetual e ao uso de ferramentas, ii) investigar trabalhos sobre o uso de ferramentas e iii) tra?ar analogias entre o conceito proposto e alguns conceitos e defini??es desenvolvidos em pesquisas sobre teoria de projeto. O conceito proposto foi aplicado em oito dilemas de projeto extra?dos de tr?s estudos de caso na Holanda. Os tr?s projetos investigados s?o resid?ncias, projetadas por escrit?rios de arquitetura holandeses. As informa??es e crit?rios mais relevantes de cada projeto foram obtidos atrav?s de entrevistas e conversas com os arquitetos envolvidos. A aplica??o pr?tica, embora bem sucedida no contexto da pesquisa, permitiu a identifica??o de limita??es de aplicabilidade do conceito, tanto no que diz respeito ? necessidade dos arquitetos de ter certo n?vel de dom?nio t?cnico quanto ao atual est?gio de evolu??o das ferramentas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoJBFC_DISSERT.pdf: 4968156 bytes, checksum: 1552078bbabf9200e90e9a2e93780139 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Natural ventilation is an efficient bioclimatic strategy, one that provides thermal comfort, healthful and cooling to the edification. However, the disregard for quality environment, the uncertainties involved in the phenomenon and the popularization of artificial climate systems are held as an excuse for those who neglect the benefits of passive cooling. The unfamiliarity with the concept may be lessened if ventilation is observed in every step of the project, especially in the initial phase in which decisions bear a great impact in the construction process. The tools available in order to quantify the impact of projected decisions consist basically of the renovation rate calculations or computer simulations of fluids, commonly dubbed CFD, which stands for Computational Fluid Dynamics , both somewhat apart from the project s execution and unable to adapt for use in parametric studies. Thus, we chose to verify, through computer simulation, the representativeness of the results with a method of simplified air reconditioning rate calculation, as well as making it more compatible with the questions relevant to the first phases of the project s process. The case object consists of a model resulting from the recommendations of the C?digo de Obras de Natal/ RN, customized according to the NBR 15220. The study has shown the complexity in aggregating a CFD tool to the process and the need for a method capable of generating data at the compatible rate to the flow of ideas and are discarded during the project s development. At the end of our study, we discuss the necessary concessions for the realization of simulations, the applicability and the limitations of both the tools used and the method adopted, as well as the representativeness of the results obtained / A ventila??o natural ? uma estrat?gia bioclim?tica eficaz na promo??o do conforto t?rmico, da salubridade e no arrefecimento da massa edificada. Contudo, a despreocupa??o com a qualidade ambiental, as incertezas envolvidas no fen?meno e a populariza??o dos sistemas artificiais de climatiza??o costumam servir de argumento para os que negligenciam os benef?cios do condicionamento passivo. As incertezas podem ser reduzidas quando a ventila??o ? contemplada em todas as etapas de processo projetual, principalmente nas fases iniciais, na qual as decis?es t?m grande impacto no desempenho da edifica??o. As ferramentas dispon?veis para quantificar o impacto das decis?es projetuais consistem basicamente no c?lculo da taxa de renova??o ou na simula??o computacional de fluidos, comumente denominada CFD, sigla em ingl?s para din?mica computacional de fluidos , ambas com algum distanciamento da pr?tica do projeto e carentes de adapta??o para que possam ser utilizadas em estudos param?tricos. Assim, optou-se por verificar, atrav?s da simula??o computacional, a representatividade dos resultados obtidos com o m?todo de c?lculo simplificado da taxa de renova??o do ar, bem como torn?-lo mais compat?vel com as quest?es pertinentes ?s primeiras fases do processo projetual. O objeto de estudo consiste em um modelo resultante das recomenda??es do C?digo de Obras de Natal/ RN, cujas aberturas foram dimensionadas de acordo com a NBR 15220. A pesquisa mostrou a complexidade em agregar uma ferramenta CFD ao processo e a necessidade de um m?todo capaz de gerar dados na mesma velocidade com que as id?ias surgem e s?o descartadas durante o desenvolvimento do projeto. Ao final discute-se as concess?es necess?rias para a realiza??o das simula??es, a aplicabilidade e as limita??es tanto das ferramentas utilizadas quanto do m?todo adotado e a representatividade dos resultados obtidos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlaVAA_DISSERT.pdf: 2142966 bytes, checksum: f27e228632d91fbeefdb35962decdcfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The building envelope is the principal mean of interaction between indoors and environment, with direct influence on thermal and energy performance of the building. By intervening in the envelope, with the proposal of specific architectural elements, it is possible to promote the use of passive strategies of conditioning, such as natural ventilation. The cross ventilation is recommended by the NBR 15220-3 as the bioclimatic main strategy for the hot and humid climate of Natal/RN, offering among other benefits, the thermal comfort of occupants. The analysis tools of natural ventilation, on the other hand, cover a variety of techniques, from the simplified calculation methods to computer fluid dynamics, whose limitations are discussed in several papers, but without detailing the problems encountered. In this sense, the present study aims to evaluate the potential of wind catchers, envelope elements used to increase natural ventilation in the building, through CFD simplified simulation. Moreover, it seeks to quantify the limitations encountered during the analysis. For this, the procedure adopted to evaluate the elements implementation and efficiency was the CFD simulation, abbreviation for Computer Fluid Dynamics, with the software DesignBuilder CFD. It was defined a base case, where wind catchers were added with various settings, to compare them with each other and appreciate the differences in flows and air speeds encountered. Initially there has been done sensitivity tests for familiarization with the software and observe simulation patterns, mapping the settings used and simulation time for each case simulated. The results show the limitations encountered during the simulation process, as well as an overview of the efficiency and potential of wind catchers, with the increase of ventilation with the use of catchers, differences in air flow patterns and significant increase in air speeds indoors, besides changes found due to different element geometries. It is considered that the software used can help designers during preliminary analysis in the early stages of design / A envolt?ria da edifica??o consiste no principal meio de intera??o entre ambiente e exterior, com influ?ncia direta no desempenho t?rmico e energ?tico do edif?cio. Atrav?s da interven??o na envolt?ria, com a proposi??o de elementos arquitet?nicos espec?ficos, ? poss?vel promover o uso de estrat?gias passivas de condicionamento, a exemplo da ventila??o natural. A ventila??o cruzada ? recomendada pela NBR 15220-3 como principal estrat?gia bioclim?tica para o clima quente e ?mido de Natal/RN, oferecendo dentre outros benef?cios, o conforto t?rmico dos ocupantes. As ferramentas de an?lise da ventila??o natural, por sua vez, abrangem diversas t?cnicas, desde m?todos de c?lculos simplificados a simula??es computacionais de fluidos, cujas limita??es s?o discutidas em diversos trabalhos, por?m sem detalhamento dos problemas encontrados. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem objetivo de avaliar o potencial dos captadores de vento, elementos de envolt?ria aplicados para incremento da ventila??o natural na edifica??o, atrav?s de simula??o simplificada em CFD. Al?m disto, busca quantificar as limita??es encontradas durante as an?lises. Para tanto, o procedimento adotado para avaliar a aplica??o e efici?ncia dos elementos foi a simula??o computacional em CFD, sigla em ingl?s para Computer Fluid Dynamics, no software DesignBuilder CFD. Foi definido um caso base, onde se acrescentaram captadores de vento com diversas configura??es, para compar?-los entre si e avaliar as diferen?as no fluxo e velocidades do ar encontradas. Inicialmente deu-se prosseguimento a testes de sensibilidade para familiariza??o com o software e observar padr?es de simula??o, com mapeamento das configura??es utilizadas e tempo de simula??o de cada caso simulado. Os resultados mostram as limita??es encontradas durante o processo de simula??o, assim como um panorama da efici?ncia e do potencial dos captadores de vento, com o incremento da ventila??o com a utiliza??o dos captadores, diferen?as nos padr?es de fluxo de ar e aumento consider?vel das velocidades do ar no interior do ambiente, al?m de altera??es encontradas em fun??o das diferentes geometrias do elemento. Considera-se que o software utilizado pode auxiliar projetistas durante an?lises preliminares em fases iniciais do projeto

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlenioLFL.pdf: 3500534 bytes, checksum: d4ce541fabad7066b400594c3c70b44c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This master thesis aims to assess the influence of the design decisions on the energy building performance of hotels. The research is based on the integration of field study and computer simulation. Firstly, a detailed field study is carried out to identify the characteristics of hotels in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The items assessed are occupancies, light and equipment densities, types of air conditioning, total and monthly energy consumption, among others. A second and more comprehensive field study is carried out to identify the range of occurrence of architectural variables, with a larger number of buildings. A base case is modelled in VisualDOE, based on the first field study. Then, a first set of simulations are run to explore the sensitivity of the variables on the energy consumption. The results analyses were the base of a second set of simulations, which combined the most influential variables. The results of 384 models were assessed, and the impacts of design decisions were quantified. The study discusses tendencies and recommendations, as well as the methods advantages and disadvantages / O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as decis?es arquitet?nicas mais importantes relacionadas com a redu??o do consumo energ?tico em hot?is. A partir de auditorias realizadas em 43 meios de hospedagem da cidade foi poss?vel conhecer mais suas formas de funcionamento, seus equipamentos, sistema de ilumina??o, tipos de condicionadores de ar, al?m de caracter?sticas construtivas. Os dados dessa pesquisa de campo foram organizados e os aspectos mais relevantes foram utilizadas na modelagem de um caso representativo. Com base nesse modelo inicial, simula??es computacionais foram realizadas com a finalidade de se verificar o impacto de diferentes alternativas de projeto no consumo de energia. Entre as vari?veis analisadas est?o a efici?ncia do sistema de resfriamento, a orienta??o, o sombreamento, o tamanho das aberturas, o tipo de vidro, al?m de caracter?sticas t?rmicas de parede e coberta. Os resultados demonstraram a import?ncia das rotinas de ocupa??o na defini??o das estrat?gias projetuais, as combina??es com melhor e pior desempenho em rela??o ao modelo inicial, identificaram os casos em que determinada vari?vel tem seu efeito minimizado/maximizado sobre o consumo, al?m de quantificar o impacto produzido na combina??o de uma, duas ou mais alternativas de projeto. As an?lises evidenciaram ainda a complexidade que a coleta de dados envolve, as peculiaridades do setor hoteleiro e a dificuldade de se estabelecer correla??es claras com o consumo, sobretudo pelas incertezas associadas ? imprevisibilidade de uso nos hot?is e aus?ncia de crit?rios/normas de classifica??o