Japan obtained equal status with the west imperialism, like Britain and North America, after defeating Russia in 1905. For promoting their mainland policy, they set up the semi-official and semi-private company- South Manchuria Railway (SMR). It owned a huge Research Bureau to investigate some aspects like railway, natural resources, transportation and military, not only for satisfying colonial goal but also for producing rich, valuable and multidimensional knowledge .During forty-years, the Research Bureau attracted and enrolled many Japanese who had interests on, or preference to China. Japanese took this process as a approach or domain to contact with China. This process also reflected their own ideology, image and relative location to China by the rise of the Empire of Japan. This dissertation starts from reviewing important research results, such as Shina Resistance Report, Nōson Chūgoku Kankō Chōsa Surveys. The discussion goes further to four researchers in the SMR: Shūmei Ōkawa, Tachibana Shiraki, Amano Waranosuke and Itō Takeo, who were with various academic background and even standpoint. The investigators attempted to construct their own research approach and meanwhile suffered from dealing it with the subjective power structure. The last section focuses on the academic debate after the war time, in term of controversial interpretation about Mantetsu knowledge from Japanese Sinology. From these three perspectives, the dissertation intends to take Mantetsu as a example to portray the context, power relationship and conflicts within research institute in Japan. It would therefore generalize objectivity, autonomy and path-dependence from the Mantetsu knowledge.

This dissertation explores the relationship between fiction, knowledge and "knowing" in Latin American discourses of China and Japan. By scrutinizing Brazilian and Hispanic American travel journals, novels, short stories and essays from the nineteenth century to the present, Disorientations engages with the epistemological problems of writing across cultural boundaries and proposes a novel entryway into the study of East Asia and Latin American through the notions of "cultural distance," "fictional Sinology" and "critical exoticism." / Romance Languages and Literatures

Cette thèse a pour objectif essentiel de contribuer à l’exploration de la pensée de François Jullien en sinologie. Notre étude s’est concentrée sur sa théorie du détour dans l’application de deux grands domaines que sont le domaine temporel et moral (l’efficacité, les notions de création et de transformation, le temps, la morale) et le domaine poétique (l’esthétique et la langue). Ce que nous avons l’intention de montrer, à travers la pensée de François Jullien, c’est que la finalité sur laquelle reposent nos stratégies choisies est inévitablement influencée par une notion importante, soit l’axiologie comme présupposé, c’est une idée qui n’est pas suffisamment développée par François Jullien dans ses œuvres. afin d’élucider les rapports entre les phénomènes culturels et les valeurs, nous allons citer beaucoup d’exemples, soit historique, soit littéraire, soit social, afin de compléter la pensée de François Jullien ; deuxièmement, face à l’éloge de François Jullien envers la culture chinoise, nous pourrons la réexaminer par rapport à la culture occidentale, ce qui constitue un travail inverse par rapport à celui de Jullien ; troisièmement, les insuffisances de sa pensée sont également prise en compte, étant donné qu’elle s’articule autour des anciennes époques, c’est-à-dire autour de l’époque grecque et celle de la chine impériale, ce qui ne permet pas aux occidentaux de connaître la chine actuelle. / This thesis aims to study the thoughts of François Jullien in sinology. Our research focused on his theory of detour in the application of two main areas, moral and temporal domains (including the notions of efficiency, creation and transformation, morality) and the poetic field (including the aesthetics area and linguistic area). What we intend to present, through the thought of François Jullien, is that our chosen strategies are inevitably influenced by an important concept, the axiology as a presupposition. This idea is not sufficiently developed by François Jullien in his works. In order to elucidate the relationship between cultural phenomena and values, we used lots of examples, either historical, literary or social, to complete the thoughts of François Jullien; secondly, despite the praise that François Jullien has given to Chinese way of thinking, we can change a point of vue and reconsider its advantages and shortcomings ; thirdly, based on the ancient times of China, the thoughts of François Jullien in Chinese way of thinking may not help the Westerners to understand China’s new develeppment.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar a obra Excerptos de Filosofia Taoista do autor Manuel da Silva Mendes, considerado o primeiro português a estudar e divulgar a tradição taoísta chinesa em Macau. Baseado nos conceitos de que tradução é uma recriação ou reinvenção, apresentados por Haroldo de Campos em sua obra Da transcriação poética e semiótica da operação tradutora, 2011, procurar-se-á analisar quatro poemas da obra em questão a fim de demonstrar que estes tratam-se de adaptações dos trechos dos livros clássicos do pensamento chinês 道德經 Dào Dé Jīng de 老子 Lăozĭ, e 南華經 Nán Huá Jīng de 莊子 Zhuāngzĭ. Para se atingir este fim, será feita uma análise comparativa com os originais em chinês clássico e com as traduções para o inglês do sinólogo escocês James Legge, tradutor com o qual Silva Mendes dialoga. A análise também servirá para mostrar as semelhanças e diferenças entre as versões poéticas do autor português e as originais, em sua grande parte escrita em prosa. / This dissertation aims to introduce the work Excerptos de Filosofia Taoista by Manuel da Silva Mendes, whom is considered to be the first Portuguese to study and disseminate the Chinese Taoist tradition in Macau. Based on the concepts that translation is a re-creation or a reinvention, which were presented by Haroldo de Campos in his work Da transcriação poética e semiótica da operação tradutora, 2011, four poems of the work in question will be analyzed in order to demonstrate that they are adaptations of the classic books of Chinese thoughts stretchs 道德經 Dào Dé Jīng, by 老子 Lăozĭ, and 南華經 Nán Huá Jīng, by 莊子 Zhuāngzĭ. To this end, a comparative analysis will be made between the original stretchs in classical Chinese and the English translations by the Scottish sinologist James Legge, translator with whom Silva Mendes dialogues. The analysis will also serve to show the similarities and differences between the poetic versions of the Portuguese author and the originals, most part written in prose.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar a obra Excerptos de Filosofia Taoista do autor Manuel da Silva Mendes, considerado o primeiro português a estudar e divulgar a tradição taoísta chinesa em Macau. Baseado nos conceitos de que tradução é uma recriação ou reinvenção, apresentados por Haroldo de Campos em sua obra Da transcriação poética e semiótica da operação tradutora, 2011, procurar-se-á analisar quatro poemas da obra em questão a fim de demonstrar que estes tratam-se de adaptações dos trechos dos livros clássicos do pensamento chinês 道德經 Dào Dé Jīng de 老子 Lăozĭ, e 南華經 Nán Huá Jīng de 莊子 Zhuāngzĭ. Para se atingir este fim, será feita uma análise comparativa com os originais em chinês clássico e com as traduções para o inglês do sinólogo escocês James Legge, tradutor com o qual Silva Mendes dialoga. A análise também servirá para mostrar as semelhanças e diferenças entre as versões poéticas do autor português e as originais, em sua grande parte escrita em prosa. / This dissertation aims to introduce the work Excerptos de Filosofia Taoista by Manuel da Silva Mendes, whom is considered to be the first Portuguese to study and disseminate the Chinese Taoist tradition in Macau. Based on the concepts that translation is a re-creation or a reinvention, which were presented by Haroldo de Campos in his work Da transcriação poética e semiótica da operação tradutora, 2011, four poems of the work in question will be analyzed in order to demonstrate that they are adaptations of the classic books of Chinese thoughts stretchs 道德經 Dào Dé Jīng, by 老子 Lăozĭ, and 南華經 Nán Huá Jīng, by 莊子 Zhuāngzĭ. To this end, a comparative analysis will be made between the original stretchs in classical Chinese and the English translations by the Scottish sinologist James Legge, translator with whom Silva Mendes dialogues. The analysis will also serve to show the similarities and differences between the poetic versions of the Portuguese author and the originals, most part written in prose.

Jaroslav Průšek and Czechoslovak Sinology. Between politics, Science and Fascination. Abstract This thesis deals with the beginnings of Czechoslovak Sinology in the context of the political and social situation during the post-War period, posing the question: what factors played a decisive role in that process? The study focuses on a few main areas: Jaroslav Průšek, the founder of Czechoslovak Sinology, as an individual actor whose personality combined an engaged approach to social affairs with intellectual honesty based on direct contact with the culture under study (especially its language and literature), and his contribution to building Sinology as a scientific discipline. Of necessity, that was explicitly tied to the contemporary political situation, which shaped scientific practice through the cooperation of all loyal actors, at the ideological as well as institutional and personal level. Through a discourse analysis of contemporary texts, mainly by Průšek, we follow these continuities diachronically: the development of Průšek's thought on China from his student days in the 1920s, through his stay in China and Japan in the 1930s and the particular war years, until the post-War (and post-1948) period; as well as synchronically: the links to the period's mentality, created by shared values. We further...

Ce travail aborde la place de la littérature française en Chine en retraçant les parcours de traduction des romans français contemporains. Ce processus de traduction s’est vu transformé à partir de la fin 1992, lorsque la Chine a adhéré aux conventions internationales des droits d’auteur. Inspirée par l’approche sociologique de la traduction, cette thèse adopte les outils conceptuels de Pierre Bourdieu et propose une étude sur la base d’une recherche de terrain et de l’analyse quantitative des statistiques de première main. Il s’agit ainsi d’identifier les agents de la traduction d’œuvres romanesques françaises en Chine à travers un mécanisme façonné par la structure sociale, et de chercher à comprendre qui traduit et quoi dans ce processus conditionné. À travers une première partie qui retrace l’histoire de la traduction littéraire en Chine avec les outils bourdieusiens, nous constatons que peu importe qui domine la traduction – les écrivains, les traducteurs, l’État ou les académiques – la littérature traduite du français véhicule habituellement un riche capital symbolique en Chine. Nous argumentons dans une deuxième partie que l’introduction de la logique du marché depuis 1993 a refaçonné le rapport de force entre les différents agents, et a poussé l’éditeur à jouer un rôle relativement décisif – même si toujours sous contrôle de l’État. Par conséquent, la production commerciale est largement renforcée. Dans ce paysage, la situation des romans français semble en décalage. Nous dévoilons dans la troisième partie que sur le plan du processus, elle mobilise surtout des agents formés par le champ académique et qui ont pour vocation de se lancer plutôt dans la littérature de production restreinte que dans la littérature de grande production, comme l’étude du catalogue de l’éditeur le plus actif du domaine (Shanghai 99) en témoigne. Le panorama des auteurs contemporains traduits présenté dans la quatrième partie relativise la présomption que les œuvres françaises traduites sont concentrées dans le pôle de traduction restreinte :les best-sellers français sont également traduits, mais ils ne se vendent pas bien en Chine. Cependant, nous observons tout de même que les auteurs français au lectorat plus restreint ont pu trouver un éditeur chinois qui correspond à leur genre littéraire et faire traduire leurs œuvres systématiquement. En somme, nous argumentons qu’en Chine aujourd’hui, les romans français ne sont pas moins traduits, mais ils sont plutôt gérés par des agents qui se situent dans le sous-champ de production restreinte, dans un équilibre de force entre le champ académique et le champ économique. / This work addresses the place of French literature in China by tracing the translation routes of contemporary French novels. The translation process was transformed at the end of 1992, when China signed two important international conventions of copyright. Inspired by the sociological approach of Translation Studies, this thesis adopts the conceptual tools of Pierre Bourdieu and proposes a study based on field research and quantitative analysis of first-hand statistics. The goal is thus to illustrate the translation mechanism shaped by the social structure, to identify the agents and to understand who translates what in this conditioned process. In the first section which traces the history of literary translation in China with Bourdieu's tools, we note that no matter who dominates the translation - writers, translators, the State or academics - the French literature conveys usually a rich symbolic capital in China. We argue in the second part that the introduction of a market economy in 1993 has reshaped the power relation between the various agents, and pushed the editors and publishers to play a relatively decisive role - even if still under state control. Therefore, commercial production is greatly enhanced. In this landscape, the situation of French novels seems out of step. We reveal in the third part that in terms of working process, French novels mobilize special agents trained by the academic field whose vocation lies in the literature of small-scale production rather than the large-scale production, and this observation is testified by analyzing the catalog of the most active publisher in the field (Shanghai 99). The fourth part presents a panorama of contemporary French authors who’s been translated, and realizes the presumption that French translated works are concentrated in the restricted pole: French bestsellers are also translated, but they do not sell well in China. However, we still observe that French authors with a limited readership have been able to find a Chinese publisher who corresponds to their literary genre and have their works translated systematically. In short, we argue that in China today, French novels are no less translated, but they are rather managed by agents who are located in the sub-field of small-scale production, in a balance of power between academic field and economic field. / Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished