Sammanfattning Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att göra en sammanställning och beskriva vad som fanns i vetenskaplig litteratur gällande sömnfrämjande interventioner för äldre personer med demenssjukdom.  Metoden var en deskriptiv litteraturstudie baserad på 14 vetenskapliga artiklar från sju länder, publicerade mellan år 2005- 2010.  Artikelsökning gjordes i databaserna Medline och Cinahl, även en manuell sökning ingick. Inkluderade artiklar i resultatet är granskade och kvalitetsbedömda.  Huvudresultatet visade att det fanns olika interventioner som ljusterapi, melatonin, akupressur, social aktivitet, utbildning och örtmedicin för att främja sömnstörningar för personer med demenssjukdom. De olika interventionerna uppvisade lite skiftande effekt för att främja sömnen, ingen av interventionerna ansågs övertygande däremot upptäcktes andra positiva effekter gällande agitation, dygnsrytmstörningar och vakenheten under dagen. Slutsatsen av denna litteraturstudie är att mer riktad forskning behövs om olika interventioner för att främja sömnstörningar hos äldre personer med demenssjukdomar. Förbättring av sömnkvalitet, livskvalitet och återhämtning är målsättningen med interventionerna. Sjuksköterskan kan förbättra sömnkvaliteten hos patienterna med hjälp av icke farmakologiska interventioner. Sömnhygien, sociala aktiviteter och att förstärka exponeringen av solljus och klart ljus är förstahandsval vid behandling av sömnstörning hos personer med demenssjukdom. / Abstract  The aim of this literature study was to describe the scientific literature for sleep disorder interventions for older people with dementia. The method was a descriptive study based on 14 scientific articles from seven countries, published between the years 2005 - 2010. Article search was made in the databases Medline and Cinahl, and manual searches were included. Included articles in the results were reviewed and quality estimated. The main result showed that there were various interventions as light therapy, melatonin, acupressure, social activity, education and herbal medicine to promote sleep disorders for people with dementia. The various interventions showed varied effect to promote sleep, none of the interventions was convincing, although other positive effects on agitation, circadian rhythm and day- time wake was discovered.  The conclusion of this study is that more research is needed in different interventions to promote sleep disorders for older people with dementia.  The goal of the measures is to improve quality of sleep, quality of life and recovery. Nurses can improve quality of sleep in patients with non-pharmacological interventions. Sleep hygiene, social activities and increase exposure of sunlight and bright light is first choice to treat sleep disorders among persons with dementia.

Accumulating evidence suggests that volume overload in drug-resistant hypertension (RH) may contribute to the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH). Upon recumbency, leg fluid volume moves rostrally causing an increase in nuchal and peripharyngeal fluid content, subsequently obstructing airflow. Rostral fluid displacement following lower body positive pressure (LBPP) application and occurring spontaneously overnight were evaluated in subjects with RH (n = 25) and controlled hypertension (n = 15). In both groups, the reduction in mean upper airway cross-sectional area with LBPP strongly related to the amount of fluid displaced from the legs (R2 = 0.41; p<0.0001), although its magnitude was greater in the RH group (p=0.001; adjusted for propensity score). In both groups, the apnea-hypopnea index strongly related to the amount of fluid spontaneously displaced from the legs during sleep (R2 = 0.56; p<0.0001), although its magnitude was greater in the RH group (p=0.01; adjusted for propensity score).

No description available.

Accumulating evidence suggests that volume overload in drug-resistant hypertension (RH) may contribute to the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH). Upon recumbency, leg fluid volume moves rostrally causing an increase in nuchal and peripharyngeal fluid content, subsequently obstructing airflow. Rostral fluid displacement following lower body positive pressure (LBPP) application and occurring spontaneously overnight were evaluated in subjects with RH (n = 25) and controlled hypertension (n = 15). In both groups, the reduction in mean upper airway cross-sectional area with LBPP strongly related to the amount of fluid displaced from the legs (R2 = 0.41; p<0.0001), although its magnitude was greater in the RH group (p=0.001; adjusted for propensity score). In both groups, the apnea-hypopnea index strongly related to the amount of fluid spontaneously displaced from the legs during sleep (R2 = 0.56; p<0.0001), although its magnitude was greater in the RH group (p=0.01; adjusted for propensity score).

No description available.

Why do we do sport? Why do we consider what we eat? Why have our parents done doctor’s checking for us when we were kids?  One answer is to keep our healthiness. Healthiness is a main key in my master degree project. In this project I have explored such daily life behaviors that influence on our physical healthiness. I have looked into the ‘health’ as a main topic and ‘quality of life’ as a sub-topic from three perspectives: medical science, life-style studies, and industrial design. I have collected information from specialists, designers, and target users by use of surveys and interviews besides of literature studies. I have applied the outcomes of the research in designing a lamp in order to adjust the sleeping and awakening time. The health-oriented function of the lamp is based on the colors of light which it provides. In Nordic country there is a special situation in terms of day-light. It is different in north and south parts. But in general in half of the year specifically in few month most of hours of 24 hours are dark and it’s opposite in another half of a year. This situation effects on a human-body biological clock and disturbs times of sleeping and awakening. To re-adjust right timing I have suggested using a lamp which provides a variation of lights from bluish cold to reddish warm.

Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt das Ergebnis einer prospektiven Studie vor, in der zwei Methoden zur objektiven Erfassung des Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus miteinander verglichen wurden. Der Standard für die Erfassung des Schlafes ist die Polysomnographie. Die Aktometrie, die Erfassung des Schlafes anhand der motorischen Aktivität eines Probanden, bietet im Vergleich zur Polysomnographie eine Reihe von Vorteilen – das Verfahren ist kostengünstig, einfach durchführbar und die Untersuchungen können über einen langen Zeitraum bis zu mehreren Monaten in der häuslichen Umgebung der Probanden stattfinden. Als nachteilig erweist sich die Gefahr der Überschätzung der Schlafdauer, vor allem bei Schlafstörungen. Dies macht die Entwicklung neuer Geräte, die zusätzlich zur Aktometrie weitere Parameter zur Schlaf-Wach-Klassifikation erheben, notwendig. In dieser Arbeit wurde das klassische und in vielen Studien validierte Aktometer Actiwatch AW7 mit dem neuen Gerät SenseWear Pro 3 verglichen. SenseWear erfasst zusätzlich zur Akzelerometrie weitere Parameter wie Hautleitfähigkeit und Wärmeabgabe. Der Vergleich wurde anhand der Daten durchgeführt, die an 26 Probanden erhoben werden konnten, die beide Geräte gleichzeitig über mindestens fünf Nächte trugen. SenseWear und Actiwatch unterschieden sich dabei signifikant in den Messergebnissen zur Gesamtschlafdauer, Schlafeffizienz und Schlaflatenz. Bei hoher Sensitivität hatte SenseWear eine niedrige Spezifität verglichen mit Actiwatch. Dies könnte ein Hinweis dafür sein, dass SenseWear durch seine multidimensionale Messmethodik wache Phasen eher als solche erkennen kann. Dies muss in weiteren Vergleichsstudien, vor allem im Vergleich zur Polysomnographie, untersucht werden.

Background: According to 2010 U.S. Renal Data System 2010Annual Data Report, the incidence and prevalence of End-Stage Renal Disease is the worst of the world in Taiwan. Sleep complaints are common in dialysis patients, and impacts negatively on health. It has become highly important issue. Objectives: This study explored the prevalence of ESRD with sleep disorder. We focused on demography status, comorbidities, dialysis therapies and utilization of health care to define the risk factors of disease. Methods: We conducted secondary data analysis with admnstrative data of National Health Insurance between 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006. We firstly seleced the patients diagnosed as ESRD and Dyssomnia, and merged the data set and other related variables.The data was analyzed by Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression. Result: The prevalence of ESRD with sleep disorder for the four years were 2.1%¡B2.7%¡B6.4% and 7.3%, respectively. Female patient has higher risk than male .Higher comorbidity score also lead to higher risk, dialysis therapies in hemodialysis/peritoneal were 16.45¡B16.48¡B8.23 and 7.91 in OR. There were significant differences in regions of hospital organizations (northern compared with the eastern, OR were 3.47, 2.73, 1.94 and 2.29, class of hospital organizations (compared with Physician Clinics), there are more cases in Regional Hospitals, except 2006. Outpatient expenses and visits are both positive correlation in all years. Conclusion: The risk factors of suffering sleep disorder in ESRD patients are sex, comorbidities and dialysis therapies. It is a relatively common but frequently unrecognized, therefore, we strongly suggested further study could be conducted by research questionnaires to make up the weakness of adminstatrative data.

Even though the sleep apnea breathing occurs during the sleep,but it also affects the daytime's physiological status.Since sleep apnea breathing increases the risk of getting cardiovascular diseases,sleep disordered breathing has attracted significant amount attention.Conventional diagnosis processes for sleep disorder breathing is complex and time-consuming,therefore many efforts have been made in developing simplified physiological signal feature to detect sleep disorder breathing.To simplify the process of diagnosis,this study uses the ECG signals to differentiate patients and healthy subjects.In addition to traditional HRV features,this study also test a newly proposed ECG feature called degree of spectrum concentration which characterizes the degree of periodicity of the ECG waveform. Our experimental results show that sleep apnea patients have higher degree of spectrum concentration than healthy subjects.This work also tests the mutliscale entropy of this degree of spectrum concentration signal.The results demonstrate that complexity of the degree of spectrum concentration signal of the patients is higher than that of the healthy subjects.Finally,our results also detect differences between different age groups.

When warriors fall asleep within Heorot’s decorated walls, they initiate a sequence of events that ultimately ends in slaughter and death. This pattern of sleep, attack, and death predictably appears in each of the monster episodes. Humans sleep and fall prey to an otherworld attacker, who eventually receives death as punishment. Interestingly, the roles of the characters are reversed in the dragon scene. Here, the dragon’s sleep exposes him to harm at the hands of a human, the thief, whose guilt is transferred to Beowulf. In this way, sleep designates the victims and the attackers, but it also helps the audience predict the judgment that will take place at the end of each episode. This judgment becomes specifically Christian when contextualized by other Anglo-Saxon accounts of sleep. As in these texts, sleep in Beowulf functions as a liminal zone connecting the world of the humans with an Otherworld. The intersection of these worlds in Beowulf follows the structural paradigm of the popular “Doomsday motif,” in which an angry Christ comes to earth to surprise a sleeping humanity. A study of the verbal and thematic similarities of Beowulf and Christ III best exemplifies this connection. Other mythographic traditions of Christian judgment within Anglo Saxon texts appear throughout Beowulf. Motifs of Christ’s second coming surround Grendel as he approaches Heorot, and his entrance echoes Christ’s harrowing of Hell. The fight in Grendel’s mother’s lair recalls redemption through water: Beowulf’s immersion represents baptism and the hilt of the sword which saves the Danish nation depicts the great Flood. Finally, the dragon’s fire and its resulting annihilation of a people, at least indirectly, resounds with apocalyptic undertones.