A exploração de tecnologias sustentáveis facilitará a adequação dos municípios brasileiros à Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) instituída em 2010 e que deve ser aplicada a todos os municípios brasileiros, sejam de grande, médio ou pequeno porte. Entre os diferentes tipos de resíduos gerados no País e no mundo, os resíduos da construção civil, também conhecidos como RCC, ficam no topo da geração de resíduos sólidos, e os mesmos merecem atenção. Os municípios de pequeno porte ainda sofrem algumas dificuldades de elaboração de de diretrizes e implantação da PNRS. O presente estudo propôs subsídios e alternativas para a criação de um plano de gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos da construção civil para cidades de pequeno porte, e suas vantagens, como forma de minimizar os impactos ambientais gerados por esse resíduo proveniente das diversas atividades da indústria construtiva, e seu efetivo crescimento. Para isto, ainda foi estudado a necessidade e viabilidade da reciclagem dos RCC, pois uma das principais ações incentivadas pela resolução é a reinserção destes resíduos no ciclo produtivo. O trabalho ainda aborda as principais dificuldades e carências que estas municipalidades encontram em seguir e cumprir as leis vigentes para o seu porte. Para isto foi realizado um amplo levantamento bibliográfico que proporcionasse o maior número de alternativas possíveis na criação dos subsídios, e que demonstrasse experiências já enfrentadas por pequenas cidades em se inserir corretamente no que as legislações impõem as mesmas. Foi observado que os municípios de pequeno porte tem dificuldades em elaborar seus planos de gestão no tratamento de resíduos, como falta de recursos para investimentos próprios, e corpo técnico preparado, além de sofrerem uma grande carência de suporte por parte de entidades públicas para se adequarem as leis, e ainda há falta de planejamento adequado das prefeituras em organizarem um plano específico para cuidarem e direcionarem seus RCC, do não conhecimento do assunto por parte da própria população quanto a alternativas de não geração dos mesmos, reuso e disposição correta. / Exploring sustainable technologies will facilitate the adaptation of municipalities to the National Solid Waste Politics (PNRS) established in 2010 and should be applied to all municipalities, whether large, medium or small. Among the different types of waste generated in the country and the world, the construction waste, also known as RCC, are on top of the solid waste generation, and they deserve attention. The small municipalities still suffer some difficulties in the implementation and management of PNRS. This study proposed subsidies and alternatives to the creation of a management plan and management of construction waste to small towns, and its advantages, in order to minimize the environmental impacts generated by this waste from the various activities of the design industry and its actual growth. For this, we have studied the need and feasibility of recycling of RCC, as one of the main actions encouraged by the resolution is the reinsertion of this waste in the production cycle. The work also addresses the main difficulties and shortcomings that these municipalities are to follow and comply with the laws in force for their size. For this we conducted a broad literature that provided the largest number of possible alternatives in the creation of subsidies, and to demonstrate experience already faced by small towns to insert correctly in the laws impose the same. It was observed that the small towns teem difficulties in drawing up their management plans in waste, such as lack of resources for own investments, and prepared staff and suffer a great lack of support by public entities to suit the laws, and there is still a lack of adequate planning of municipalities in organizing a specific plan to care and direct their RCC not a matter of knowledge by the population itself as not generating alternatives thereof, reuse and proper disposal.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-13T16:14:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Julyana Esteves Pires - 2014.pdf: 2008330 bytes, checksum: a3e96dc16130ce5a757da875789ee6a2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2017-01-13T17:30:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Julyana Esteves Pires - 2014.pdf: 2008330 bytes, checksum: a3e96dc16130ce5a757da875789ee6a2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-13T17:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Julyana Esteves Pires - 2014.pdf: 2008330 bytes, checksum: a3e96dc16130ce5a757da875789ee6a2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-05 / In Brazil, the expansion of public policies and forms of social participation have contributed to democratization of management. During 25 years of construction and consolidation of SUS, several laws have treated social participation. Among the forms of participation, we emphasize the Ombudsman of SUS, with the ability to provide the population with a more direct participation in public administration. The ombudsman's Health System is conceptualized as a channel so that the population can communicate with managers of SUS. This form of participation is little known and used by citizens of small municipalities. Actually, the State of Goiás, has 07 ombudsmen SUS established, however, no in municipalities with less than 20,000 inhabitants. Above all, this work fulfills the main purpose of describing participation of residents in municipalities, the State of Goiás, with less than 20 thousand inhabitants in the Ombudsman of SUS, in the year 2013 This is a quantitative research from information from the database OuvidorSUS System, referring to claims recorded in the Ombudsman of the State of Goiás and the Department of Ombudsman SUS, in 2013. The variables taken into account were: date of record, type of care, classification of service, subject demand, municipality of residence, and the profile of the citizen, through knowledge of the Ombudsman, race / color, age, marital status, exclusive use of the SUS. A total of 3564 records of demands arising from the year 2013 was analyzed, 805 of these relate to claims recorded by citizens of small municipalities and the remaining 2759 records of large municipalities.The phone and internet were the means of contact used by most citizens. In small municipalities complaints and reports relating to matters Management and Family Health and the large municipalities are predominate requests and complaints about the management issues and health care. The demands were mainly recorded by individuals aged 2039 years old, mostly women, married individuals, white and mulatto. 72% of the records of small municipalities exclusively use the SUS. It was concluded that only the decentralization associated with social participation did not materialize democratization of public systems and the county reach this situation, perform actions that strengthen the local government would facilitate the process. Decentralization facilitates knowledge about the Ombudsman service, however, is not sufficient to improve participation, thus requiring actions that intensify the dissemination to the public and to seek improvements by the management. / No Brasil, a ampliação das políticas públicas e as formas de participação social têm contribuído para a democratização da gestão. No decorrer de 25 anos de construção e consolidação do SUS, várias legislações trataram da participação social. Dentre as formas de participação, destacam-se as Ouvidorias do SUS, com a capacidade de proporcionar à população uma participação mais direta na administração pública.A ouvidoria do Sistema Único de Saúde é conceituada como um canal para que a população possa se comunicar com os gestores do SUS, funcionando como intermediador entre a população que utiliza os serviços e os servidores,prestadores e gestores dos serviços. Entretanto, esta forma de participação é pouco conhecida e utilizada por cidadãos de municípios de pequeno porte. O Estado de Goiás apresenta atualmente 09 ouvidorias do SUS implantadas,contudo, nenhuma em municípios com menos de 20 mil habitantes. Diante do exposto, este trabalho cumpre o objetivo principal de descrever a participação de cidadãos residentes em municípios, do Estado de Goiás, com menos de 20 mil habitantes nos serviços de Ouvidoria do SUS, no ano de 2013. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, a partir de informações oriundas do banco de dados do Sistema OuvidorSUS, referente às demandas registradas na Ouvidoria do SUS do Estado de Goiás e no Departamento de Ouvidoria Geral do SUS, no ano de 2013. As variáveis analisadas levadas em consideração foram: data do registro, tipo do atendimento, classificação do atendimento, assunto da demanda, município de residência, perfil do cidadão, meio de conhecimento da Ouvidoria, raça/cor, faixa etária, estado civil, utilização exclusiva do SUS.Foi analisado um total de 3.564 registros de demandas decorrentes do ano de2013, destas 805 referem-se a demandas registradas por cidadãos de municípios de pequeno porte e o restante, 2.759 registros de municípios de grande porte. O telefone e a internet foram os meios de contato mais utilizados pelos cidadãos. Nos municípios de pequeno porte predominam reclamações e denúncias, referentes aos assuntos Gestão e Saúde da Família e nos municípios de grande porte são as solicitações e reclamações sobre os assuntos gestão e assistência à saúde. As demandas foram registradas principalmente por indivíduos na faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos, em sua maioria mulheres, com estado civil casado, de raça branca e parda.72% dos registros de municípios de pequeno porte utilizam exclusivamente o SUS. Concluiu-se que somente a descentralização associada à participação social não concretizam a democratização dos sistemas públicos e para que o município alcance esta situação, realizar ações que fortaleçam o poder local facilitariam o processo. A descentralização facilita o conhecimento sobre o serviço de Ouvidoria, entretanto, não é suficiente para melhorar a participação, necessitando assim, ações que intensifiquem a divulgação para a população e a busca de melhorias junto à gestão.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the system of municipality incomes in the Czech Republic with respect to specifics of small municipalities. In last few years these municipalities have become a frequently discussed topic because of their lower incomes. The legislation has been devoting to this problem since 2008 and the differences between large and small municipalities in the Czech Republic were removed. There is income analysis of all municipalities in the Czech Republic from 2000 up to 2012 in this thesis. The municipalities were divided into two groups. The first group contains small villages, defined as municipalities up to 499 inhabitants. In the second group there are other municipalities of the Czech Republic except small villages, statutory cities and the Capital City of Prague. The real data were recalculated per head for this analysis and minimum, maximum, median and arithmetic mean were found. Variability of incomes is evaluated from these results. Regression and correlation analysis is made in some groups of revenues because of finding dependence among variables. Disparity in incomes of small towns and other communities is assessed by comparing the arithmetic means and medians between groups of municipalities using a Two-Sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Revenue growth is evaluated determination of the trends of the time series using linear regression. Some specifics in financing small villages were found from these analyzes. There was also confirmation of the hypothesis that small municipalities have lower incomes per an inhabitant.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 figueiredo_vdm_dr_rcla.pdf: 1592292 bytes, checksum: 44bc836e094e41b46c253cf567a73028 (MD5) / Esta tese é o resultado da pesquisa efetuada em um conjunto amostral de pequenos municípios e pequenas cidades (inferiores a 10.000 habitantes) do estado gaúcho. O estudo identifica e explora o referencial bibliográfico sobre pequenas cidades e pequenos municípios, como uma categoria marginalizada em muitas ciências, inclusive na Geografia. Em seguida centra-se nos contrastes do perfil do desenvolvimento econômico e da qualidade de vida do conjunto face ao estado e, às vezes, às cidades principais das mesorregiões. Buscou-se verificar de forma detalhada o perfil demográfico, bem como as características das administrações locais e os resultados configurados em renda per capita, IDH, PIB. Complementarmente, um questionário foi elaborado e remetido aos chefes dos governos locais. Os resultados do conjunto estudado permitiram constatar que entre estes municípios existem diferenciações marcadas pelas desigualdades dos indicadores demográficos, sociais, políticos e econômicos, as quais se refletem na qualidade de vida de seus residentes. A pesquisa também assume relevância pelo fato de, além de exibir uma dimensão histórica, conter elementos para reflexões sobre o futuro. / The thesis is the result of a research carried through a amostral set of small municipalities and small cities (inferior 10.000 inhabitants) in the referred state. The study identifies and explores the bibliographical referential on small municipalities and small cities, as a category marginalized in many sciences, mainly in Geography. Afterwards the text is centered in the contrasts of the economic development profile and the quality of life conjunct face the state situation and, sometimes, the main cities of the sub-regions. The thesis sought to verify thoughrouly the demographic profile, as well as the local administration characteristics and the figured results for per capita income, HDI, GDP. Complementarily, a questionnaire was elaborated and sent to the heads of the local governments. The studied conjunct results had allowed to evidence that between these cities exist differentiations indicated by different demographic, social, economic and political indexes, which reflect in the quality of life of their residents. The research analysis also assumes relevance for the fact of, besides showing a historical dimension, containing elements for reflections on the future.

Orientador: Odeibler Santo Guidugli / Banca: Silvia Selingardi Sampaio / Banca: Ricardo Rossato / Banca: Elson Luciano Silva Pires / Banca: José Xaides de Sampaio Alves / Resumo: Esta tese é o resultado da pesquisa efetuada em um conjunto amostral de pequenos municípios e pequenas cidades (inferiores a 10.000 habitantes) do estado gaúcho. O estudo identifica e explora o referencial bibliográfico sobre pequenas cidades e pequenos municípios, como uma categoria marginalizada em muitas ciências, inclusive na Geografia. Em seguida centra-se nos contrastes do perfil do desenvolvimento econômico e da qualidade de vida do conjunto face ao estado e, às vezes, às cidades principais das mesorregiões. Buscou-se verificar de forma detalhada o perfil demográfico, bem como as características das administrações locais e os resultados configurados em renda per capita, IDH, PIB. Complementarmente, um questionário foi elaborado e remetido aos chefes dos governos locais. Os resultados do conjunto estudado permitiram constatar que entre estes municípios existem diferenciações marcadas pelas desigualdades dos indicadores demográficos, sociais, políticos e econômicos, as quais se refletem na qualidade de vida de seus residentes. A pesquisa também assume relevância pelo fato de, além de exibir uma dimensão histórica, conter elementos para reflexões sobre o futuro. / Abstract: The thesis is the result of a research carried through a amostral set of small municipalities and small cities (inferior 10.000 inhabitants) in the referred state. The study identifies and explores the bibliographical referential on small municipalities and small cities, as a category marginalized in many sciences, mainly in Geography. Afterwards the text is centered in the contrasts of the economic development profile and the quality of life conjunct face the state situation and, sometimes, the main cities of the sub-regions. The thesis sought to verify thoughrouly the demographic profile, as well as the local administration characteristics and the figured results for per capita income, HDI, GDP. Complementarily, a questionnaire was elaborated and sent to the heads of the local governments. The studied conjunct results had allowed to evidence that between these cities exist differentiations indicated by different demographic, social, economic and political indexes, which reflect in the quality of life of their residents. The research analysis also assumes relevance for the fact of, besides showing a historical dimension, containing elements for reflections on the future. / Doutor

A exploração de tecnologias sustentáveis facilitará a adequação dos municípios brasileiros à Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) instituída em 2010 e que deve ser aplicada a todos os municípios brasileiros, sejam de grande, médio ou pequeno porte. Entre os diferentes tipos de resíduos gerados no País e no mundo, os resíduos da construção civil, também conhecidos como RCC, ficam no topo da geração de resíduos sólidos, e os mesmos merecem atenção. Os municípios de pequeno porte ainda sofrem algumas dificuldades de elaboração de de diretrizes e implantação da PNRS. O presente estudo propôs subsídios e alternativas para a criação de um plano de gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos da construção civil para cidades de pequeno porte, e suas vantagens, como forma de minimizar os impactos ambientais gerados por esse resíduo proveniente das diversas atividades da indústria construtiva, e seu efetivo crescimento. Para isto, ainda foi estudado a necessidade e viabilidade da reciclagem dos RCC, pois uma das principais ações incentivadas pela resolução é a reinserção destes resíduos no ciclo produtivo. O trabalho ainda aborda as principais dificuldades e carências que estas municipalidades encontram em seguir e cumprir as leis vigentes para o seu porte. Para isto foi realizado um amplo levantamento bibliográfico que proporcionasse o maior número de alternativas possíveis na criação dos subsídios, e que demonstrasse experiências já enfrentadas por pequenas cidades em se inserir corretamente no que as legislações impõem as mesmas. Foi observado que os municípios de pequeno porte tem dificuldades em elaborar seus planos de gestão no tratamento de resíduos, como falta de recursos para investimentos próprios, e corpo técnico preparado, além de sofrerem uma grande carência de suporte por parte de entidades públicas para se adequarem as leis, e ainda há falta de planejamento adequado das prefeituras em organizarem um plano específico para cuidarem e direcionarem seus RCC, do não conhecimento do assunto por parte da própria população quanto a alternativas de não geração dos mesmos, reuso e disposição correta. / Exploring sustainable technologies will facilitate the adaptation of municipalities to the National Solid Waste Politics (PNRS) established in 2010 and should be applied to all municipalities, whether large, medium or small. Among the different types of waste generated in the country and the world, the construction waste, also known as RCC, are on top of the solid waste generation, and they deserve attention. The small municipalities still suffer some difficulties in the implementation and management of PNRS. This study proposed subsidies and alternatives to the creation of a management plan and management of construction waste to small towns, and its advantages, in order to minimize the environmental impacts generated by this waste from the various activities of the design industry and its actual growth. For this, we have studied the need and feasibility of recycling of RCC, as one of the main actions encouraged by the resolution is the reinsertion of this waste in the production cycle. The work also addresses the main difficulties and shortcomings that these municipalities are to follow and comply with the laws in force for their size. For this we conducted a broad literature that provided the largest number of possible alternatives in the creation of subsidies, and to demonstrate experience already faced by small towns to insert correctly in the laws impose the same. It was observed that the small towns teem difficulties in drawing up their management plans in waste, such as lack of resources for own investments, and prepared staff and suffer a great lack of support by public entities to suit the laws, and there is still a lack of adequate planning of municipalities in organizing a specific plan to care and direct their RCC not a matter of knowledge by the population itself as not generating alternatives thereof, reuse and proper disposal.

PŘIBYLOVÁ, M. (2015): Impacts of the realization of investments in water infrastructure on the development of small municipalities. Master thesis. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Prague, pp. 120. This thesis deals with the disposal of waste water in small municipalities. The theses addresses the impacts that may be caused by investment in the construction of water infrastructure. This investment is very expensive for small municipalities and could lead them into debt. The question to be answered is whether the construction of facilities for wastewater treatment is really important for small municipalities (and their development) and if it should be done in compliance with the EU directive. The task of the study is to assess the current situation of the requirement to build a system of wastewater treatment in small municipalities in Czechia. The study is written from the perspective of a social geographer and in particular in an economic and developing point of view. The theses is also trying to suggest an alternative and cheaper solution. The impacts of these investments could be identified on the basis of the relevant review of the literature and thanks to the responses from the interviews which were conducted both with...

Den här uppsatsen diskuterar hållbart resande, ett vanligt förekommande begrepp i och med det högaktuella begreppet hållbar utveckling. Hållbart resande undersöks i två mindre kommuner i Östergötland för att undersöka vilka uppfattningar och förutsättningar som medborgare och tjänstemän har. Uppsatsen studerar även vilka faktorer som påverkar vid val av färdmedel. Uppsatsen inkluderar intervjuer tillsammans med tjänstemän och medborgare i kommunerna Boxholm och Ödeshög. För att analysera det insamlade materialet tillämpas teorin social praktik, där begreppen kompetens, material och mening står i fokus. Resultatet visar på en gemensam syn gällande avsaknaden av tillgänglighet i kommunerna, framför allt till kollektivtrafik.  Det finns även en förändringsvilja i handlingsmönstret hos medborgarna till att resa mer hållbart men då kompetens och material saknas är det inte möjligt idag. Från kommunens sida finns det också en pågående förändringsvilja med visioner och ambitioner för att erbjuda medborgarna hållbara resalternativ. / This essay discusses sustainable travel which is a common concept in connection with sustainable development. Two small municipalities have been studied in Östergötland, Sweden to assess what individuals and planners think about sustainable travel in their communities. The method used in this essay was to interview with citizens and planners in the municipalities Ödeshög and Boxholm. To analyse the data collection, we apply the theory social practice which focuses on the three elements: materials, competences, meanings. The results show a lack of accessibility in the municipalities, especially in public transport. Furthermore, the result shows that the citizens have a will towards changing their behaviour to transport in a more sustainable way. From the citizens perspectives there was a lack of competences and materials which prevented them from traveling in a more sustainable way. We also saw a will from the planners to change behaviour in their ambitions towards more sustainable travel options.

This diploma thesis deals with election campaigns in small municipalities in the context of the Czech Republic, respectively nine municipalities of Microregion of Jemnice, which were selected as a research sample. The work focuses mainly on the analysis of whether election campaigns in these municipalities can be met at all, or what form and character of they have. The subject of the research is also the question if we can meet a certain form of election campaign in those small municipalities where there are disputes about the development of the municipality. This qualitative case study mainly uses the deductive methodological approach, where the basic theoretical approaches and concepts of the researched issue are introduced, from which the specific goals related to the research of campaigns in the Czech municipal environment are proceeded. The analytical part of the thesis is based on an inquiry in selected municipalities of the mentioned microregion, where the semi-structured interviews with successful and unsuccessful candidates from the municipal elections last year, ie. 2018, were used primarily for data collection, analysis of public and virtual documents, community websites or newspaper and municipal newsletters, was used as well. The final part of the thesis then summarizes the partial...

The thesis, Financing of Small Municipalities in the Czech Republic and its Political Impact, reflects a complex topic currently noticeable in the Czech Republic: the existence of critically indebted small municipalities. According to the yearly monitoring provided by the Ministry of Finance, the number of ill-financed communities is increasing. Due to their financial situation, a considerable number of small municipalities are forced to suspend many of the services provided to the residents, even though the legislation in effect guarantees equal competences for both small and big municipalities. In the case of indebted small municipalities, the difficulties are even multiplied. Often, the municipality is forced to abandon the prospect of further development and mere survival is in question. In the above- described communities, the participation in municipal politics tends to be significantly low and the residents express overall disinterest in public affairs. The aim of this work is to present three examples of highly indebted small municipalities with the number of citizens under 500 and to provide a detailed analysis on their situation. The analysed municipalities are the following: Bublava, Nebanice and Prameny and are situated in the Karlovy Vary Region. Inasmuch as the character of the topic...