Submitted by Patrícia Cerveira (pcerveira1@gmail.com) on 2017-06-14T19:17:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Bornia de Castro Dissertação.pdf: 4966184 bytes, checksum: 7e49563b573266804e94e53d4b7db605 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-06-29T13:48:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Bornia de Castro Dissertação.pdf: 4966184 bytes, checksum: 7e49563b573266804e94e53d4b7db605 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T13:48:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Bornia de Castro Dissertação.pdf: 4966184 bytes, checksum: 7e49563b573266804e94e53d4b7db605 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Smart grids surgem como a evolução da rede elétrica. Sua proposta é incorporar redes de telecomunicações à rede elétrica, possibilitando o monitoramento em tempo real, rápida detecção/tratamento de falhas, maior facilidade de integração de fontes renováveis entre outros serviços. Porém sua implantação afeta a manutenção do equilíbrio entre a produção e o consumo de energia, que é essencial para a estabilidade da rede elétrica. Com o aumento de fontes renováveis, a predição da energia produzida torna-se mais difícil, devido à natureza intermitente dessas fontes. Fontes de energia renováveis dependem de fatores ambientais que tornam a previsão de geração de energia mais complexa e menos precisa. Portanto, existe uma mudança de paradigma com a modernização de rede de energia: na rede tradicional, a produção adapta-se à demanda, mas nas smart grids, a demanda adapta-se à produção e faz com que o consumo de usuário seja mais eficiente. Os programas de Gerenciamento pelo Lado da Demanda (GLD) surgem como uma solução para ajustar o consumo do usuário à geração. GLD são ações ou decisões tomadas pela empresa de energia para alterar ou modelar o padrão de consumo do usuário. A proposta deste trabalho é a criação de mecanismos de gerenciamento pelo lado da demanda direcionado para o usuário residencial no Brasil diante da implantação das smart grids. Foi criado o DEFLEGER-ECO, mecanismo de economia de energia elétrica usando tarifa branca, nova forma de tarifação que entrará em vigor a partir de 2018, e DEFLEGER-EMER, mecanismo emergencial voltado a redução de demanda durante eventos emergenciais. Devido a inexistência de uma ferramenta para a validação dos mecanismos, também foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta de simulação que é fruto da integração de dois simuladores, o NS-3 e o EnergyPlus. Os modelos foram simulados em quatro perfis de residências com a finalidade de avaliar seus desempenhos. Os mecanismos funcionaram conforme o esperado e uma de das principais contribuições é a possibilidade de atender diversos perfis de usuários residenciais. / Smart grids arise as the power grid evolution. The key idea is to incorporate telecommunications networks to the power grid, allowing real-time monitoring, fast detection/treatment failures, easier integration of renewable sources, and other services. Nevertheless the implementation of smart grids affects the maintenance of the balance between energy production and consumption, which is the essential for the power grid stability. With the increase in the number of renewable sources, prediction of energy produced becomes more difficult due to the intermittent nature of these sources. Renewable power sources depend on environmental factors that make power generation prediction more complex and less accurate. Therefore, there is a paradigm change with the grid modernization: in traditional grid energy, production adapts to the demand, but in smart grids, demand adapts to the production and makes user consumption more efficient. Demand Side Management (DSM) programs arise as one of the solutions to adjust user consumption to supply. DSM is an action or decision made by utility to alter and model user pattern of consumption. The purpose of this work is the creation of DSM mechanisms for Brazilian users. DEFLEGER-ECO was created, an electric energy saving mechanism using the white tariff, a new form of charging that will take effect from 2018, and DEFLEGEREMER, an emergency mechanism aimed at reducing demand during emergency events. Due to the lack of a tool for the validation of the mechanisms, a simulation tool was also developed, which is the result of the integration of two simulators, NS-3 and EnergyPlus. The models were simulated in four residential profiles in order to evaluate their performance. The mechanisms worked as expected and one of the main contributions is the possibility to serve several profiles of residential users.

隨著物聯網這個萬物連網的概念順勢推動智慧家庭在市場裡蓬勃發展，可預期未來ISP(Internet Service Provider)業者勢必面臨大量智慧家庭中各種不同應用服務互相競爭頻寬資源的情況，甚至遇到網路滿載壅塞時造成應用服務不堪使用的情形。 為改善上述問題，本文以ISP業者管理智慧家庭中眾多的物聯網設備為情境，透過軟體定義網路 (Software Defined Network，SDN)進行頻寬排程配置，排程演算法以可兼顧公平性(fairness)、時間延遲(delay)及應用服務優先權(service priority)的A-MLWDF (Adaptive Modified Largest Weighted Delay First) [7]演算法，確保優先配置頻寬給智慧家庭中優先權較高、時效較為急迫的流量，以降低應用服務的延遲來提升智慧家庭網路之服務品質(Quality of Service，QoS)。 本研究透過OMNet++模擬器建構SDN環境與傳統環境中有眾多物聯網設備之智慧家庭。家中物聯網設備包含M2M (Machine to Machine)和非M2M(non Machine to Machine)裝置，以提供各種智慧家庭應用服務。我們透過SDN架構進行頻寬配置，達到集中式管控家中的頻寬資源，其中排程演算法包括PF、MLWDF、A-MLWDF。實驗結果顯示，以上排程演算法雖然於SDN環境下在公平性與抖動率表現並不顯著，公平性約改善1.6%及抖動率約降低1%左右，但在產能與延遲方面表現較為顯著，能有效提高產能約52%，及降低延遲約 52%。 / With the concept of IoT (Internet of Things) spread rapidly, it is the opportunity to promote smart homes in the expanding market. We can see that the future ISP (Internet Service Provider) has to face a large number of smart homes having bandwidth competition in a variety of different applications and causing application services unavailable due to network congestion.     In order to resolve the above problems, we propose that each ISP (Internet Service Provider) has to manage a large number of IoT devices in a smart home to performs bandwidth scheduling through Software Defined Network (SDN). We choose to use A-MLWDF scheduling algorithm (Adaptive Modified Largest Weighted Delay First) [7] which considers fairness, delay and service priority. A-MLWDF is able to ensure services of higher priority and emergent traffic be allocated bandwidth earlier and greatly reduce delay and thus effectively enhance Quality of Service (QoS) of smart homes.     In this research, we implement a SDN environment by using OMNet++ to simulate the bandwidth competition among smart homes with IoT devices. The IoT devices consists of M2M (Machine to Machine) and non-M2M (non Machine to Machine) devices which offer a variety of intelligent home application services. We configure the bandwidth allocation under SDN control. The scheduling algorithms include PF, MLWDF and A-MLWDF. When the network traffic is congested, SDN can significantly increase throughput and reduce latency compared to traditional network management. The experimental results show that above scheduling algorithms using SDN environment having no significant performance improvements in fairness and jitter. The fairness increases around 1.6% and the jitter reduces around 1%. However, it shows significant improvement on throughout and delay. The throughput increases around 52% and the delay reduces around 52%.

Summary This thesis consists of an ethnographic investigation of five Swedish household's everyday life in their kitchens during the spring 2001 and an analysis of this context, which for certain can be apt for the development of the smart home services of today. Finally some future opportunities on how to systematise ethnography for design use also are drawn. The focus of investigation of this thesis is to find out what actual happens in some situations in ordinary kitchens. Specific interest is showed for the articulation work, while most smart appliances of today supports only goal-oriented activity, hence evolved from the ground of the home PC interaction. The ethnographical investigation is focused on three specific events in a house hold which all are assumed to take place in the families kitchen. The events are: 1) When a family plans and books an amusement activity. 2) When a family plans it's shopping. 3) When a person solves a goal oriented task, for example details about cooking a meal. / Jesper Brolin Gyllenborgsgatan 11 Stockholm jesperbrolin@mac.com, mda98jbr@student.bth.se

This thesis-project aims to research the possibilities of new wireless technologies in general control-situations. We have studied different existing control protocols, and developed a new protocol focusing on textbased menus. Our protocol is scaleable, easy to implement, and platform- and media independent. Since our protocol supports Plug and Play with dynamically allocated id’s, it does not require a unique id in the hardware. To test the protocol we have developed a prototype system, consisting of a mobile phone connected to a server, which in turn is connected to two slave units, controlling peripheral equipment on 220 Volt. The phone is an Ericsson T28, equipped with a Bluetooth unit. The server is runningthe real-time OS eCos on an ARM 7TDMI Evaluation Kit, and the slave units consist of two developer boards equipped with PIC-processors. Communication between the phone and the server is done over Bluetooth. However we did not find a working Bluetooth protocol stack ported to eCos, so a serial cable was used instead. Communication between the server and the slaves is done over a RS-485 serial network which simulates the traffic over a radio-network. The results show that our protocol is working, and that our system would be easy to implement, cheap to produce and very scalable.

This thesis combines two current trends - the Internet of Things and Urban Agriculture. It describes technologies for wireless sensors communication in smart homes and hardware for their implementation. Based on these technologies smart hardware for automatic plants growing is implemented and connected to cloud with remote access via iOS mobile application.

This thesis focuses on the Internet of Things and some of the most important problems it faces today. Among these are the overdependence on the Cloud and lack of autonomy, poor security and privacy, complicated initialization and power consumption. The work aims to implement a complex IoT solution that solves the discussed problems. The project is part of a collaboration with NXP Semicondutors and will be used to showcase the company's technologies.

This thesis summarizes the subject of intelligent homes and describes commonly used standards and commercial solutions on the market. The thesis covers the design of a low-cost and easy to use smart home system which can be managed over the internet, uses a genetic algorithm for heating regulation optimization and its central computing unit is a low-cost, embedded device with low power consumption. The functionality of the system is verified on a practical application of heating regulation in a house. The efficacy of the system for energy savings is shown; it is based on measured data statistics.

The theme of this thesis is the design of peripheral devices of a smart home SmartFlat and the design of communication interface for this system. Designed units are the humidity and temperature measuring unit, the unit of security and the smart socket unit for remote control, power measurement and power control. All units are designed for wired communicaton and also for wireless communication with control unit.

Det har kommit att bli allt vanligare att installera nätverksbaserade övervakningskameror i hemmet som en säkerhetsåtgärd. Tidigare studier som undersöker nätverksbaserade övervakningskameror visar att dessa kameror utgör en möjlig säkerhetsrisk för de boende då det teoretiskt sätt är möjligt för personer som har kunskaper i att bryta sig in i datorsystem att spionera på de boende i hemmet genom övervakningskamerorna. Detta arbete har syftat till att undersöka om människor uppfattar den nätverksbaserade övervakningskameran, vars avsedda verkan är att övervaka hemmet och skydda det mot inbrott, som en säkerhetsrisk för intrång i deras integritet. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer undersöktes användares upplevelse av nätverksbaserade övervakningskameror i hemmet. Studien omfattade sex deltagare vilka rekryterades genom ett kriteriebaserat snöbollsurval. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys kom studien fram till ett resultat som visar på samband i hur dessa övervakningskameror påverkar deltagarnas upplevda integritet i hemmet. Till exempel visade resultatet att deltagarna initialt kände sig iakttagna av dessa kameror. Dessa samband kan ligga till grund för fortsatt forskning kring hur nätverksbaserade övervakningskameror kan utvecklas för att förbättra användarupplevelsen av dem. / It has become increasingly common to install network-based surveillance cameras in homes as a security measure. Previous studies examining network-based surveillance cameras shows that these cameras pose a possible security risk to users as it is theoretically possible for people who have the knowledge to break into computer systems to spy on the residents of a home through the surveillance cameras. This study aimed to investigate whether users perceive the network-based surveillance camera, whose purpose is to monitor the home and protect it from intruders, as a security risk of intrusion into their privacy. Through qualitative interviews the users experience of network-based surveillance cameras in home has been examined. The study included six participants who were recruited though a criterion-based snowball selection. Through a qualitative content analysis, the study resulted in correlations between the participants experience of the network-based surveillance cameras and their impact on the participants perceived integrity. For example, the result showed that the participants initially felt observed by these cameras. The findings can be basis for further research on how network-based surveillance cameras can evolve to improve the user experience.

This study explores how smart home users act to keep their smart products safe. The sample was identified in the literature as early adopters. These were studied through a qualitative case study with semi-structured interviews. Data were then analysed with a thematic analysis, which resulted in four themes: Lack of concern, In the hands of the manufacturer, Safety outside the product and Safety measures. The informants had different reasons and motivations for their common lack of concern, their experience of being able to influence product security the measures they could evoke and the measures they actually took. The informants' lack of concern is linked to the theory of the impact of worryon actionand risk perception. The informants' problems in influencing security are supported by other literature. Their hypothetical measures are mainly outside the product. The actions they actually perform on the product are limited to basic security measures such as passwords, etc. Users find it difficult to influence the security of their products, unsafe products can easily fall victim to malicious individuals and influence others in their environment. / Denna studie undersöker hur användare av smarta hem kan agera för att hålla sina smarta produkter säkra.Urvalet identifierades i litteratur som early adopters. Dessa studerades genom en kvalitativ fallstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Data analyserades sedan med en tematisk analys, vilket resulterade i fyra teman: Avsaknad av oro, I händerna på tillverkaren, Säkerhet utanför produkten och Säkerhetsåtgärder. Informanterna hade olika anledningar och motivationer till sin gemensamma avsaknad av oro, deras upplevelse av att kunna påverka produkters säkerhet, de åtgärder som de kunde frammana och de åtgärder som de faktiskt gjorde. Informanternas avsaknad av oro länkas till teori om oros påverkan på agerande och upplevd risk. Informanternas problematik att påverka säkerheten stöds av annan litteratur. Deras hypotetiska åtgärder ligger i huvudsak utanför produkten. Det agerande de faktiskt utför på sina produkter är begränsat till grundläggande säkerhetsåtgärder som lösenord etc. Användarna har svårt att påverka säkerheten hos sina produkter, osäkra produkter kan enkelt falla offer för illvilliga individer och påverka andra i sin omgivning.