Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Freiburg, 1933. / "Lebenslauf": p. 39. Includes bibliographical references.

Based on the author's Ph. D thesis. / Published by York Medieval Press in association with Boydell & Brewer and the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of York. Includes bibliographical references and index.

90 pages

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence and risk of childhood overweight and obesity according to socioeconomic status in Peruvian and Vietnamese school-aged children. METHODS: Longitudinal data from the Young Lives study were analyzed. Exposure was wealth index in tertiles. Outcome was overweight and obesity. Cumulative incidence per 100 children-years, relative risks (RR), and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were calculated. A hierarchical approach, including child- and family-related variables, was followed to construct multivariable models. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity was 4.8 (95 % CI 4.1-5.5) and 1.7 (95 % CI 1.3-2.2) in the younger and older Peruvian cohort, respectively; and in Vietnam 1.5 (95 % CI 1.2-1.8) and 0.3 (95 % CI 0.2-0.5), respectively. The incidence of overweight and obesity was higher at the top wealth index tertile in all samples. In the older cohorts, comparing highest versus bottom wealth index tertile, RR of overweight and obesity was four to nine times higher: 4.25 in Peru (95 % CI 2.21-8.18) and 9.11 in Vietnam (95 % CI 1.07-77.42). CONCLUSIONS: The results provide important information for childhood obesity prevention in countries moving ahead with economic, epidemiological and nutritional transitions. / Revisión por pares

This study examined socioeconomic status (SES) and perceived social class as predictors of career adaptability and educational aspirations in a sample of American high school students. SES was measured using caregivers' occupation and education, and the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status--Youth Version (Goodman et al., 2001) assessed subjective social class. Career adaptability was be measured using the Career Futures Inventory-Revised (CFI-R; Rottinghaus, Buelow, Matyja, & Schneider, 2012) and the Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) Form C (Savickas & Porfeli, 2011). Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regressions. SES and perceived social class independently predicted educational aspirations and expectations, while SES independently predicted occupational aspirations and expectations. Expected correlations between CFI-R and CMI Form C scales were found, providing convergent validity evidence and supporting the use of the CFI-R with adolescents. This study represents a step toward developing empirically informed vocational interventions that take SES and social class into account.

abstract: First-generation college students, for whom neither parent has a bachelor's degree, are at an increased risk for dropping out of college compared with their continuing-generation counterparts. This research aims to examine whether varying perceptions of the future may contribute to these differences; specifically, whether presentations of future opportunities with and without a college degree impact academic motivation and performance, and whether this relationship holds for people from different college generation status backgrounds. Additionally, the study explores whether the effect is consistent with regulatory focus profiles--whether someone is motivated to avoid negative outcomes (e.g., prevention orientation) or attain positive outcomes (e.g., promotion orientation). Prevention oriented first-generation students were expected to have increased motivation and performance when asked to contrast the future with and without a college degree, whereas promotion oriented continuing-generation students were expected to have increased motivation and performance by merely thinking about the future with a college degree. Participants consisted of 330 undergraduates from an introductory psychology course. Participants were randomly assigned to presentations of future opportunities with a degree, with and without a degree, or a no-prime control condition. Motivation and performance were assessed using academic motivation and delay of gratification scales and a short anagram task. The proposed hypotheses were not supported; however, important findings emerged from exploratory analysis. First- and continuing-generation college students perceived future opportunities with a college degree similarly, meaning that both first- and continuing-generation students believed that a degree would endow opportunities. Additionally, belief in future opportunities significantly predicted academic motivation, delay of gratification, and anagram performance; thus, belief in future opportunities is a determinant of academic motivation and performance. Finally, first-generation students' performance varied by belief that a college degree would create future opportunities. Therefore, future interventions to increase performance and retention among first-generation students should emphasize the value of a college degree for future success. This research has implications for the understanding of college generation status, academic motivation, and performance. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2014

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os contextos de início do consumo do cigarro em diferentes grupos sociais, a partir das representações cotidianas em torno do ato de fumar. Partiu-se dos referenciais teóricos do campo da Saúde Coletiva, que compreende a droga como mercadoria, cujo consumo relaciona-se aos diferentes desgastes inerentes às formas de reprodução social dos grupos sociais. Para apreender o objeto, cinco grupos sociais foram identificados no município de Santo André: população em situação de rua, trabalhadores do programa Geração de Trabalho de Interesse Social, estudantes de cursos profissionalizantes oferecidos pela prefeitura de Santo André e dos cursos de Educação para Jovens e Adultos, alunos de curso universitário que apresentam condições estáveis de reprodução social, apresentando situação de trabalho e vida confortáveis e alunos de curso superior com maior estabilidade no trabalho e na vida. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos, um questionário com questões fechadas sobre as condições de reprodução social de cada grupo, e um roteiro de grupo focal mediado por questões abertas, para promover a discussão sobre os contextos de início de uso. Seguindo-se as diretrizes de análise das representações cotidianas, a análise dos dados permitiu contextualizar como cada grupo representa o início do consumo do cigarro, além disso, também foram analisadas as representações comuns aos grupos. Os resultados mostram a existência de representações cotidianas comuns a todos os grupos, mas com nuances particulares, de acordo com o meio social em que os grupos estão inseridos. Algumas representações são preponderantes ou particulares de alguns grupos. A investigação mostra que muitos são os contextos de início de consumo do cigarro, e que compreendê-los pode facilitar o desenvolvimento de ações educativas direcionadas aos diferentes grupos sociais. A posição dos grupos na divisão social do trabalho pode limitar as possibilidades de apreensão das implicações do consumo do cigarro e as possibilidades concretas de promover mudanças. / This study aims to analyze the context of initiation of cigarette consumption in different social groups, from the everyday representations about smoking. It started from the theoretical framework of the field of Collective Health, which understands drug as a commodity whose consumption is related to damages that are inherent in the different forms of social reproduction of social groups. To grasp the object, five social groups were identified in the municipality of Santo André: 1) homeless people, 2) workers of the a social program of the municipality - Geração de Trabalho de Interesse Social-,3) students of professional courses offered by the city of Santo André and of educational courses especial for young people and adults that lost regular school, 4) college students who have stable conditions of social reproduction, with work and life situations comfortable and 5) college students with greater stability in work and life studying in expensive university Two instruments were used, a questionnaire with closed questions about the conditions of social reproduction of each group, and a focus group mediated by open-ended questions to promote discussion about the contexts of initiation. Following the guidelines for analyses of everyday representations, it was possible to understand how each group represents the beginning of the consumption of tobacco. It was also analyzed the common representations across the groups. The results show the existence of everyday representations common to all groups, but with particular nuances, according to the social environment in which groups are embedded. Some representations are prevalent in specific groups. Research shows that there are many contexts of initiation of cigarette consumption, and that understanding them can facilitate the development of educational actions directed to different social groups. The position of groups in the social division of labor can limit the possibilities for understanding the implications of cigarette consumption and the real opportunities to promote change.

Orientador: Marcelo de Castro Meneghim / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T04:43:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bortolo_LuizFabiano_M.pdf: 1183931 bytes, checksum: 9e0f7ef0f3790824044cef7a49f2ad28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Os objetivos deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de oclusopatias dentárias em crianças na faixa etária entre 6-7 anos, sua relação com o nível sócio -econômico e tempo de aleitamento materno. A amostra foi composta por 332 escolares de 6-7 anos de idade, distribuídos em 4 escolas sendo 2 públicas e 2 privadas . Foram coletados dados sobre tempo de amamentação, oclusopatias e classes sócio-econômica.Os exames foram realizados por 1 examinador previamente calibrado, seguindo as normas da Organização Mundial da Saúde no pátio das escolas com iluminação natural. Para a avaliação das características sócio -econômico, oclusopatias e tempo de amamentação das crianças e de suas famílias, foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas para os pais sobre renda familiar e tempo de amamentação. Após as coletas dos dados as crianças foram avaliadas e separadas de acordo a qual classe sócio -econômica pertencia, no primeiro grupo foi comparado classes sócio-econômicas com maloclusão e contatou-se que 50,87% eram de classe baixa e tinham uma porcentagem de 59,52% de maloclusão dentária (p<0,05), crianças que amamentaram durante 4 meses 35,80%, 6 meses 22,30%, 1 ano 14,50%, mais 1 ano 15,70%, nunca 11,80% quando comparadas com presença ou ausência de oclusopatia não apresenta diferença estastística significante levando a um p>0,05. Mas quando verificamos tipo de amamentação sendo exclusivo ou não exclusivo com maloclusão observa-se p<0,05. Também foram feitas outras comparações, onde verificou a Classificação de Angle sendo classe I, classe II, classe II-II, classe III e constatou que quanto maior o tempo de amamentação menor a chance de desenvolver a classe II ( 35,80% que amamentaram por 4 meses destes 70,59% eram classe I). Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que nem o tempo de amamentação nem a classe sócio econômica dos sujeitos da pesquisa apresentaram diferença estatística significante em relação a presença/ausência de oclusopatias, enquanto o aleitamento materno exclusivo apresentou diferença estatística na presença de oclusopatias. Palavras-chave: maloclusão dentária, amamentação, classe sócio -econômica, epidemiologia / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental malocclusion in schoolchildren (n=332) attending public (n=2) or private (n=2) schools. Data collection involved length of breastfeeding, malocclusion, and socioeconomic status. Using a questionnaire, parents were asked to answer questions regarding length of breastfeeding and family income. Children were then assigned to experimental groups according to their socioeconomic status. In the first group, comparing socioeconomic status to malocclusion, 50.87% of the children were observed to be lower class, with a malocclusion percentage of 59.52% (p<0.05), 35.80% of whom were breastfed for 4 months, 22.30% for 6 months, 14.50% for 1year, 15.70% over 1 year and 11.80% never. No statistically significant difference was observed between socioeconomic status and malocclusion (p>0.05); however, significant difference was observed between breastfeeding, exclusive or not, and malocclusion (p<0.05). Analysis concerning different classes of malocclusion (Angle class I, II, II/2, and III) showed that the longer children are breastfed, the lower their chances are to develop class-II malocclusion. No statistically significant difference was observed for breastfeeding and class social length in relation to presence, or not, of malocclusion; however, statistical difference was found between ¿exclusive¿ breastfeeding and malocclusion. Keywords: dental malocclusion, breastfeeding, socioeconomic status, epidemiology / Mestrado / Saude Coletiva / Mestre Profissional em Odontologia

Orientador: Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T13:40:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_EdnaAlves_D.pdf: 1440931 bytes, checksum: e7d11d9f5bb4e88608c7134398a32634 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida em adultos de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos. Este estudo transversal foi realizado em adultos de 35 a 59 anos, residentes em São Paulo - SP. Sendo, 113 adultos que usam o serviço odontológico público e 97 adultos que utilizam o serviço odontológico privado. O impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida foi avaliado com o instrumento Oral Health Profile Impact (OHIP-14), de 2 formas: O OHIP-14 gravidade (soma total) e OHIP-14 prevalência (uma ou mais classificação "frequentemente" e "sempre") que foram avaliados nas 7 dimensões. Os adultos do serviço público foram classificados como nível socioeconômico baixo (NSE baixo) e os adultos do serviço privado, como nível socioeconômico alto (NSE alto). Foram aplicados questionários para obter os dados sociodemográficos e características do serviço odontológico utilizado. O impacto da saúde bucal nos dois grupos de adultos de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos e foram comparados através do teste do Qui-quadrado e do teste Mann Whitney. Os grupos foram semelhantes quanto aos dados demográficos (idade e sexo). A média do OHIP-14 gravidade dos adultos do NSE baixo foi 11,5 (+11,3), e para os adultos do NSE alto foram 5,9 (+9,1). O grupo dos adultos do nível socioeconômico baixo apresentou maior impacto negativo no OHIP-14 prevalência 76,6% (n=49), quando comparado ao grupo dos adultos do nível socioeconômico alto, que foi de 23,4% (n=15). No OHIP-14 prevalência, o grupo do NSE baixo apresentou maior impacto em 4 dimensões: limitação física, desconforto psicológico, incapacidade psicológica e incapacidade social (p<0,05), e no OHIP-14 gravidade em todas as dimensões com exceção da limitação física (p>0,05). Os adultos dos níveis socioeconômicos baixos e altos relataram impacto negativo da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida. Entretanto, os adultos do nível socioeconômico baixo apresentaram impacto em quase todas as dimensões do instrumento, especialmente nos aspectos funcionais / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral health on quality of life in adults according to different socioeconomic levels. This cross-sectional study was carried out in adults aged 30 t0 59 years, living in São Paulo - SP. Being, 113 adults who use public dental service and 97 adults who use private dental service. The impact of oral health on quality of life was assessed with the instrument Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), 2 ways: OHIP-14 severity (total score) and OHIP-14 prevalence (one or more rating of often and always) was evaluated in seven dimensions. Adults from public service were classified as low socioeconomic status (low SES) and adults from private service, as high socioeconomic status (high SES). Questionnaires were used to obtain demographic data and characteristics of the service used. The impact of oral health in two groups of adults from different socioeconomic levels were compared using the chi-square and Mann- Whitney test. The groups were similar with regard to demographic data (age and gender). The mean OHIP-14 severity of adults of low was 11.5 (+ 11.3), and for adults of high SES was 5.9 (+ 9.1). The group of adult of low socioeconomic status had more negative impact on OHIP-14 prevalence 76.6% (n = 49) compared to the group of adult high socioeconomic status, which was 23.4% (n = 15). OHIP-14 prevalence in the group of low SES had higher impact on 4 dimensions: physical limitations, psychological discomfort, psychological disability and social disability (p < 0.05), and OHIP-14 severity in all dimensions except for physical limitation (p>0.05). Adults of low and high socioeconomic levels reported negative impact of oral health on quality of life. However, adults of low socioeconomic impact exhibited in almost all dimensions of the instrument, particularly in the functional aspects / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutora em Odontologia

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished