Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti Lietuvos gyventojų daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo įpročius ir jų ryšius su socialiniais ir gyvensenos veiksniais. Uždaviniai: Įvertinti Lietuvos gyventojų daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo įpročius ir jų pokyčius nuo 1996 m. Nustatyti daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo ryšius su socialiniais veiksniais. Nustatyti daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo sąsajas su gyvensenos veiksniais Tyrimo metodika. Analizuoti suaugusių Lietuvos žmonių gyvensenos tyrimų duomenys. Tyrimas vykdomas nuo 1994 m. kas antri metai. Tiriama atsitiktinė 3000 Lietuvos 20-64 m. gyventojų imtis, sudaryta iš gyventojų registro sąrašų. Vykdoma apklausa paštu. Per šešiolikos metų laikotarpį klausimyną užpildė 17161 žmogus (7361vyras ir 9800 moterų). Atsako dažnis - 53,8-74,4 proc. Klausimyną sudarė klausimai apie daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo dažnį, gyvensenos ir socialinius veiksnius. Rezultatai. Per keturiolika metų suaugusių Lietuvos gyventojų šviežių daržovių vartojimas padidėjo. Beveik kasdien valgančių šviežias daržoves vyrų dalis išaugo nuo 3,5 proc. 1996 m. iki 17 proc. 2010 m., o moterų – atitinkamai nuo 5,1 proc. iki 23,8 proc. Šviežių vaisių vartojimo dažnis padidėjo tik tarp moterų. Gyventojai, turintys aukštąjį išsilavinimą ir gyvenantys mieste, labiausiai padidino daržovių vartojimą. Didėjant amžiui didėjo daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo dažnis tarp moterų bei šviežių vaisių vartojimas tarp vyrų. Aukštojo išsilavinimo vyrai dažniau vartojo šviežias daržoves nei nebaigto vidurinio ar vidurinio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objectives: to evaluate vegetables and fruits consumption in Lithuanian adult population and trends since 1996; to assess the relationships between vegetables and fruits consumption and social factors; to evaluate associations of vegetables and fruits consumption with behavioural factors. Methods: The data from Health Behaviour Survey among Lithuanian adult population are presented. Since 1994 nine surveys have been carried out every second year. For every survey random sample of 3000 Lithuanians aged 20-64 was taken from the National Population Register. The study material was collected by mailed questionnaires. Altogether 17161 persons (7361men and 9800 women) participated in the surveys. Response rate varied from 53,8% to 74,4%. The survey instrument included the questions about fruits and vegetables consumption, social and behavioural factors. Results: Over 14-year period, the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits has increased among Lithuanian adult population. In 1996, daily consumption of fresh vegetables was reported by 3.5% of men and 5.1% of women, while in the year 2010 this proportion was 17% in men and 23.8% in women. The positive changes in fresh fruits consumption were observed only in women. The largest increase in frequency of daily consumption of fresh vegetables was found among persons with university education and those living in cities. The proportion of women consuming fresh vegetables and fruits daily and the proportion of men consuming fresh... [to full text]

The purpose of this study was to illustrate how professionals, who work with psychosocialproblems among children, look at the impact of social factors on behavior that causes ADHDdiagnosis and at the relationship between social factors and the increased diagnosis that hasoccurred in recent years. To answer our purpose, we chose a qualitative approach byinterviewing six professionals who had different professional affiliations. We analyzed theresults using systems theory and attachment theory. The results showed that the professionalssaw various social factors that influenced the behaviors that cause ADHD diagnosis, particularlytroublesome growing environment and the school environment that requires greater cognitiveability and social skills of children today. They also saw that social factors could have an impacton the increase of diagnoses, particularly that the diagnosis can result in that the understandingchanges and that it is considered easier to get extra support at school with a diagnosis. / Syftet med denna studie var att belysa hur professionella som arbetar med psykosocialaproblem hos barn, ser på sociala faktorers inverkan på beteenden som föranleder ADHD-diagnos samt på relationen mellan sociala faktorer och den ökade diagnossättning som skett på senare år. För att besvara vårt syfte så valde vi en kvalitativ metod genom att intervjua sex professionella som hade olika yrkestillhörigheter. Vi analyserade resultatet med hjälp av systemteori och anknytningsteorin. Resultatet visade att de professionella såg olika sociala faktorer som inverkade på beteenden som föranleder ADHD-diagnos, framförallt orolig uppväxtmiljö samt skolmiljön som kräver större kognitiv och social förmåga hos barn idag. De upplevde även att det fanns en relation mellan sociala faktorer och den ökade diagnossättningen, framförallt genom att en diagnos kan medföra att bemötandet och förståelsen förändras samt att det anses enklare att få extra stöd i skolan med en diagnos.

An analysis of the correspondence between Charles Lyell and Gideon Mantell from 1821 to 1852, in conjunction with other manuscript material, highlights the contrasting backgrounds and geological careers of the two men. It is also characterised by two underlying themes: the nature and timing of their geological work; and the influence of various social factors on their career plans and desire to achieve high social and scientific status. In turn, these points raise several wider issues and inter-related questions concerning the following aspects of English geology in the first half of the nineteenth century. When, why and how did an elite group of geologists emerge in England during this period? Who were its members and what were their characteristics in common? What was the nature and scope of the geological work carried out by the identified elite? In what way did it differ from Mantell's? What social and other barriers did Mantell encounter in his search for scientific and social status? What were the critical factors? In this thesis these issues are examined on a decade-by-decade basis, in three main chapters, as a prelude to examining the central question of why Mantell, unlike Lyell, did not achieve the status of an elite geologist. First, an elite group of English geologists is identified through a series of prosopographic and 'screening' analyses of all members of council of the Geological Society of London (GSL). Geologists who did not meet the prescribed criteria are taken into account. Thirteen geologists are identified in the penultimate and final stages of screening over the four decades. Mantell was the only provincial identified, but he did not attain a position in the final list, which consisted exclusively of a distinctive group of 'gentleman-specialists'. Second, the concept of a geological 'domain' is introduced to analyse the nature and scope of the geological work carried out by the identified group. A critical finding is that all members identified in the final 'screening' list established a 'domain' in one of four categories of the concept and were recognised as the leading authority or exponent of the domain they had fashioned. Finally, the impact and relative importance of specific social and other factors on the careers of Lyell and Mantell are examined. When the findings from each decade of the three chapters are brought together it is shown that by the end of the 1820s it was necessary for a future elite geologist to be so 'positioned' in terms of basic geological experience, location, income and available time that he was able to identify and subsequently fashion an appropriate geological 'domain'. 'Gentleman-specialists', such as Lyell, who were able to follow this strategy, constituted a clearly defined elite that dominated the GSL in the 1830s and 1840s. Mantell's failure to achieve elite geological status stemmed from the fact that he placed too much emphasis on fashioning his image and social status, rather than his scientific career. In doing so, he let the opportunity slip of establishing a major domain - British fossil reptiles - in the early 1830s.

Social work is one of the core mental health professions. With a dominance of a biological model in psychiatry, the scope of social factors has been relatively marginal. Social factors have been argued to be social work ́s area of expertise. Psychiatric social work is challenged to articulate its unique knowledge and valuable contribution to the field of mental health care since they are coexisting with other more well-established professions. This qualitative study explores how psychiatric social workers and psychiatrists in Goa, India, perceive social work's unique knowledge and its contribution to the field of mental health care. It further explores psychiatric social workers understanding of social factors in relation to mental illness. The empirical material was collected through twelve semi-structured interviews with ten psychiatric social workers and two psychiatrists working in different mental health care settings in Goa. The results show that the main psychiatric social work contributions were described as raising awareness about mental illness and their functioning as a bridge between units. The result further shows a difficulty (among psychiatric social workers) to articulate psychiatric social work's unique knowledge, but during the interviews a specific in-depth knowledge emerged as well as a focus on psychiatric knowledge. Our findings showed that psychiatric social workers understood social factors in terms of social relations. The results are analyzed with Foucault's theory of discourse, Polanyi's theory of tacit knowledge and Ingleheart’s modernization theory.

As software engineering is a socio-technical research field, there is a myriad of research strategies and data sources that researchers need to consider when designing their studies. These choices determine different tradeoffs in terms of generalizability, realism, and control, among other aspects of research quality. It is not possible to create a perfect study, so these strengths and weaknesses are acceptable at the study level; however, when a research community's collective body of work suffers from an imbalance in these tradeoffs it can negatively impact overall research quality. Through this thesis, I investigate the research strategies and data sources that are used by the software engineering research community, and reflect on how this may affect aspects of research quality in our collective body of work. I apply Runkel and McGrath's models of research strategies and data sources to the software engineering domain through a systematic mapping study of three years of International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) proceedings and a mixed-methods survey of the authors of these papers. I found that a majority of papers report computational studies relying on trace measures rather than active human participation, showing an imbalance where generalizability and realism are prioritized over control. Through my survey, I confirmed that researcher participants explicitly prioritized realism and generalizability over control, impacting their research design choices. This imbalance in prioritization has the potential to lead to a collective failure to control for extraneous factors in the measurement of human behavior in software development, and without understanding what causes the behaviors we measure, we cannot fully understand why certain approaches and techniques work better than others, thus slowing our ability to advance as a research domain. Therefore, I present a call to action for the community to critically examine and discuss the issues raised by this research, and implement changes to increase the quality and diversity of our future work as a community. / Graduate / 2019-08-08

A intensificação concorrencial decorrente do processo de globalização e da internacionalização dos mercados tem provocado profundas mudanças no agronegócio brasileiro, e as agroindústrias rurais (AR) estão sendo vistas como uma possibilidade estratégica para os pequenos e médios produtores rurais. Diversos são, entretanto, os fatores críticos ao sucesso desses empreendimentos como, também, diversos são os formatos organizacionais deles. O presente estudo, tendo por objetivo conhecer a realidade dessas ARs na ótica econômica, institucional e social durante o processo de comercialização de seus produtos, busca quantificar a influência destes fatores em promover a inserção delas no mercado, bem como verificar se essa influência ocorre de forma diferenciada para os tipos de ARs existentes na realidade. Como base teórica, utilizou-se da Teoria Econômica Neoclássica e da Teoria da Organização Industrial para abstrair os fatores da dimensão econômica. A fim de identificar os fatores da dimensão institucional, recorreu-se à Nova Economia Institucional, e a Sociologia Econômica serviu de suporte para a obtenção dos fatores sociais que influenciam na inserção das ARs no mercado. A Teoria das Convenções foi utilizada para auxiliar na interpretação dos resultados. O universo da pesquisa abrange as agroindústrias rurais de pequeno e médio portes, e a amostra foi composta por 40 agroindústrias de duas microrregiões geográficas do estado de Santa Catarina. Para a coleta de dados foi realizada uma entrevista estruturada com os dirigentes dessas agroindústrias. Na análise dos resultados, através de um modelo de regressão, buscou-se quantificar a influência de cada dimensão, e os achados mostraram que as dimensões econômica e institucional têm influências semelhantes para a inserção das ARs no mercado, e são, aproximadamente, duas vezes mais influentes que a dimensão social, quando se consideram todas as ARs da amostra. Quando se estratifica a amostra por tipos de ARs, percebe-se que há diferentes influências das dimensões do estudo para os diferentes tipos de ARs. / The intensification of competition resulting from the process of globalization and internationalization of markets has brought profound changes in Brazilian agribusiness and the rural agro-industries (RA) are being seen as a strategic option for small and medium farmers. Several, however, are the critical factors to the success of these undertakings as are also their organizational formats. The present study, aiming to know the reality of RAs in the economic, institutional and social perspective during the process of commercialization of its products, seeks to quantify the influence of these factors in promoting their inclusion in the market as well as verifying whether this influence occurs differently to each the type of RAs that exist in reality. As a theoretical basis, we used the Neoclassical Economic Theory and the Theory of Industrial Organization to abstract the economic dimension factors. In order to identify the factors of the institutional dimension we resorted to the New Institutional Economics and the Economic Sociology was used as a support for the attainment of social factors that influence the insertion of RAs in the market. The Theory of the Conventions was used to assist in interpreting the results. The research covers the small and medium size rural agro-industries, and the sample was comprised of 40 agro-industries from two geographical microregions in the state of Santa Catarina. To collect the data a structured interview was conducted with the leaders of these agro-industries. While analyzing the results through a regression model, we attempted to quantify the influence of each dimension and the findings showed that the economic and institutional dimensions have similar influences to the insertion of RAs in the market and are approximately twice more influential than the social dimension, when you consider all the RAs of the sample. When the sample is stratified by types of RAs, one realizes that there are different influences of the dimensions of the study for different types of RAs.

A intensificação concorrencial decorrente do processo de globalização e da internacionalização dos mercados tem provocado profundas mudanças no agronegócio brasileiro, e as agroindústrias rurais (AR) estão sendo vistas como uma possibilidade estratégica para os pequenos e médios produtores rurais. Diversos são, entretanto, os fatores críticos ao sucesso desses empreendimentos como, também, diversos são os formatos organizacionais deles. O presente estudo, tendo por objetivo conhecer a realidade dessas ARs na ótica econômica, institucional e social durante o processo de comercialização de seus produtos, busca quantificar a influência destes fatores em promover a inserção delas no mercado, bem como verificar se essa influência ocorre de forma diferenciada para os tipos de ARs existentes na realidade. Como base teórica, utilizou-se da Teoria Econômica Neoclássica e da Teoria da Organização Industrial para abstrair os fatores da dimensão econômica. A fim de identificar os fatores da dimensão institucional, recorreu-se à Nova Economia Institucional, e a Sociologia Econômica serviu de suporte para a obtenção dos fatores sociais que influenciam na inserção das ARs no mercado. A Teoria das Convenções foi utilizada para auxiliar na interpretação dos resultados. O universo da pesquisa abrange as agroindústrias rurais de pequeno e médio portes, e a amostra foi composta por 40 agroindústrias de duas microrregiões geográficas do estado de Santa Catarina. Para a coleta de dados foi realizada uma entrevista estruturada com os dirigentes dessas agroindústrias. Na análise dos resultados, através de um modelo de regressão, buscou-se quantificar a influência de cada dimensão, e os achados mostraram que as dimensões econômica e institucional têm influências semelhantes para a inserção das ARs no mercado, e são, aproximadamente, duas vezes mais influentes que a dimensão social, quando se consideram todas as ARs da amostra. Quando se estratifica a amostra por tipos de ARs, percebe-se que há diferentes influências das dimensões do estudo para os diferentes tipos de ARs. / The intensification of competition resulting from the process of globalization and internationalization of markets has brought profound changes in Brazilian agribusiness and the rural agro-industries (RA) are being seen as a strategic option for small and medium farmers. Several, however, are the critical factors to the success of these undertakings as are also their organizational formats. The present study, aiming to know the reality of RAs in the economic, institutional and social perspective during the process of commercialization of its products, seeks to quantify the influence of these factors in promoting their inclusion in the market as well as verifying whether this influence occurs differently to each the type of RAs that exist in reality. As a theoretical basis, we used the Neoclassical Economic Theory and the Theory of Industrial Organization to abstract the economic dimension factors. In order to identify the factors of the institutional dimension we resorted to the New Institutional Economics and the Economic Sociology was used as a support for the attainment of social factors that influence the insertion of RAs in the market. The Theory of the Conventions was used to assist in interpreting the results. The research covers the small and medium size rural agro-industries, and the sample was comprised of 40 agro-industries from two geographical microregions in the state of Santa Catarina. To collect the data a structured interview was conducted with the leaders of these agro-industries. While analyzing the results through a regression model, we attempted to quantify the influence of each dimension and the findings showed that the economic and institutional dimensions have similar influences to the insertion of RAs in the market and are approximately twice more influential than the social dimension, when you consider all the RAs of the sample. When the sample is stratified by types of RAs, one realizes that there are different influences of the dimensions of the study for different types of RAs.

A intensificação concorrencial decorrente do processo de globalização e da internacionalização dos mercados tem provocado profundas mudanças no agronegócio brasileiro, e as agroindústrias rurais (AR) estão sendo vistas como uma possibilidade estratégica para os pequenos e médios produtores rurais. Diversos são, entretanto, os fatores críticos ao sucesso desses empreendimentos como, também, diversos são os formatos organizacionais deles. O presente estudo, tendo por objetivo conhecer a realidade dessas ARs na ótica econômica, institucional e social durante o processo de comercialização de seus produtos, busca quantificar a influência destes fatores em promover a inserção delas no mercado, bem como verificar se essa influência ocorre de forma diferenciada para os tipos de ARs existentes na realidade. Como base teórica, utilizou-se da Teoria Econômica Neoclássica e da Teoria da Organização Industrial para abstrair os fatores da dimensão econômica. A fim de identificar os fatores da dimensão institucional, recorreu-se à Nova Economia Institucional, e a Sociologia Econômica serviu de suporte para a obtenção dos fatores sociais que influenciam na inserção das ARs no mercado. A Teoria das Convenções foi utilizada para auxiliar na interpretação dos resultados. O universo da pesquisa abrange as agroindústrias rurais de pequeno e médio portes, e a amostra foi composta por 40 agroindústrias de duas microrregiões geográficas do estado de Santa Catarina. Para a coleta de dados foi realizada uma entrevista estruturada com os dirigentes dessas agroindústrias. Na análise dos resultados, através de um modelo de regressão, buscou-se quantificar a influência de cada dimensão, e os achados mostraram que as dimensões econômica e institucional têm influências semelhantes para a inserção das ARs no mercado, e são, aproximadamente, duas vezes mais influentes que a dimensão social, quando se consideram todas as ARs da amostra. Quando se estratifica a amostra por tipos de ARs, percebe-se que há diferentes influências das dimensões do estudo para os diferentes tipos de ARs. / The intensification of competition resulting from the process of globalization and internationalization of markets has brought profound changes in Brazilian agribusiness and the rural agro-industries (RA) are being seen as a strategic option for small and medium farmers. Several, however, are the critical factors to the success of these undertakings as are also their organizational formats. The present study, aiming to know the reality of RAs in the economic, institutional and social perspective during the process of commercialization of its products, seeks to quantify the influence of these factors in promoting their inclusion in the market as well as verifying whether this influence occurs differently to each the type of RAs that exist in reality. As a theoretical basis, we used the Neoclassical Economic Theory and the Theory of Industrial Organization to abstract the economic dimension factors. In order to identify the factors of the institutional dimension we resorted to the New Institutional Economics and the Economic Sociology was used as a support for the attainment of social factors that influence the insertion of RAs in the market. The Theory of the Conventions was used to assist in interpreting the results. The research covers the small and medium size rural agro-industries, and the sample was comprised of 40 agro-industries from two geographical microregions in the state of Santa Catarina. To collect the data a structured interview was conducted with the leaders of these agro-industries. While analyzing the results through a regression model, we attempted to quantify the influence of each dimension and the findings showed that the economic and institutional dimensions have similar influences to the insertion of RAs in the market and are approximately twice more influential than the social dimension, when you consider all the RAs of the sample. When the sample is stratified by types of RAs, one realizes that there are different influences of the dimensions of the study for different types of RAs.

This paper is a study within the general area of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), focusing on second language learning in formal (class room) settings. The main questions discussed in this essay are firstly, whether social factors matter while learning a second language, secondly, to what extent attitudes towards the second language matter and thirdly, what attitudes students actually have towards studying a second language. The paper compares both students and teachers in the UK and Sweden. To be able to make this comparison I travelled to the UK and followed a class at the University of Wolverhampton that study Swedish. This paper has benefited from both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative part consists of a questionnaire that was handed out to the students in both England and Sweden. For the qualitative part of my research I made use of the structured interview form, which is a method that has a compact nest of questions and where the sequence of questions is decided before the interview. I interviewed two students and one teacher in each of the countries that this paper covers. The social factors that this paper recognises are age, gender, social class and ethnic identity. Furthermore, the essay examines the impact of students’ motivation and attitudes while studying and learning a new language. It has been demonstrated that motivation has a major role to play while learning a second language. It can be argued that the more motivated students are the more and better they will learn. According the students in question their opinions are that you have to have a good teacher while learning languages, i.e. a teacher that can encourage you and make you develop. On the other hand the teachers in question said that the students must be interested in learning second languages otherwise it is pointless since they will not develop. The findings of the present paper are analysed in the light of previous research published in this field.

Magister Artium - MA / The goal of this research study was to do an explorative study in order to establish the experiences of patients with regard to social and health services factors that contribute to delays in seeking treatment for Tuberculosis. / South Africa