The overall aim of the study is to investigate how a social and collective memory is mobilized by the directors’ depiction of ethnicity and gender roles from a post- colonial and gender perspective. The thesis focuses on how ethnicity and gender roles are depicted in each movie and how this results in a mobilization of a social and collective memory. The results show that Django Unchained mobilizes a memory by its use of the invective nigger and iconic acts of slavery, such as whipping and cotton picking. From a gender perspective, the results show that men worked with jobs that required more strength, compared to the jobs of women and thus mobilizes a memory of how we remember the gender roles of slaves. Nevertheless, these memories can result in traumas and to recover from them, memories must be revisited. Similarly, yet differently, the results show that 12 Years a Slave mobilizes a memory by its use of the invective nigger and by the use of songs that solidified the hierarchy present during slavery. In other words, these songs were used to exhibit the level of supremacy Caucasians possessed from a post-colonial perspective. The conclusion drawn in the study is that 12 Years a Slave, as a historical source, provides audiences with considerably more authenticity compared to Django Unchained. Therefore an individual might feel as if he or she has lived the life of Solomon Northup and experienced and endured everything he did.

The other side: collective memory in three novels by Amin Maalouf Collective memory is an expression which is used to describe the way in which societies reflect on their past and ensure their unity in the present. This thesis aims to show how narrative in general, and in particular in the novels of French Lebanese writer, Amin Maalouf, plays a crucial role in the transmission of collective memory. The thesis demonstrates that narrative fulfills this function in three ways. Firstly, narrative gives meaning to past events. Secondly, narrative changes and evolves over time. Lastly, narrative ensures a continual exchange between individual and collective memory. Thus, in its capacity to sustain aspects of individual and collective memory, narrative expresses the values that unite society. Central to our analysis of narrative in the work of Amin Maalouf is the concept of "l'autre côté" or "the other side". This is the expression used by Maalouf when referring to his passion for forgotten or uncomfortable aspects of Western and Arab cultural heritage. By informing the contemporary reader of the shared past, Maalouf strives to build bridges of understanding between the two groups. Maalouf's novels explore themes of origins, of exile and of memory. In the three novels we examine, the narrative is centered on the life of the hero who, endowed with exceptional qualities, is tested by the political and religious challenges of his time. The personal qualities of the hero, revealed in his dealings with the crises which form the particularity of his time, determine the orientation of collective memory. The first novel, Léon l'Africain, published in 1986, is based on the life of Hassan al-Wazzan who lived in Spain, Africa and Rome in the early sixteenth century. Hassan tells the story of his family, and of the political circumstances which led to the expulsion of the Arabs from Spain. The second novel, Les Jardins de lumière, published in 1991, examines the life of the poet, doctor and philosopher named Mani who lived in the third century A.D. In the Epilogue of the novel, the narrator states his intention of challenging the misconceptions and distortions concerning the life of Mani. In the third novel, Le Rocher de Tanios, published in 1993, the narrator sets out to find the truth concerning the events surrounding the birth, life and disappearance of the young man named Tanios, who lived in the narrator's village in Lebanon at the beginning of the nineteenth century. / Thesis (M.A.) - University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2009

The other side: collective memory in three novels by Amin Maalouf Collective memory is an expression which is used to describe the way in which societies reflect on their past and ensure their unity in the present. This thesis aims to show how narrative in general, and in particular in the novels of French Lebanese writer, Amin Maalouf, plays a crucial role in the transmission of collective memory. The thesis demonstrates that narrative fulfills this function in three ways. Firstly, narrative gives meaning to past events. Secondly, narrative changes and evolves over time. Lastly, narrative ensures a continual exchange between individual and collective memory. Thus, in its capacity to sustain aspects of individual and collective memory, narrative expresses the values that unite society. Central to our analysis of narrative in the work of Amin Maalouf is the concept of "l'autre côté" or "the other side". This is the expression used by Maalouf when referring to his passion for forgotten or uncomfortable aspects of Western and Arab cultural heritage. By informing the contemporary reader of the shared past, Maalouf strives to build bridges of understanding between the two groups. Maalouf's novels explore themes of origins, of exile and of memory. In the three novels we examine, the narrative is centered on the life of the hero who, endowed with exceptional qualities, is tested by the political and religious challenges of his time. The personal qualities of the hero, revealed in his dealings with the crises which form the particularity of his time, determine the orientation of collective memory. The first novel, Léon l'Africain, published in 1986, is based on the life of Hassan al-Wazzan who lived in Spain, Africa and Rome in the early sixteenth century. Hassan tells the story of his family, and of the political circumstances which led to the expulsion of the Arabs from Spain. The second novel, Les Jardins de lumière, published in 1991, examines the life of the poet, doctor and philosopher named Mani who lived in the third century A.D. In the Epilogue of the novel, the narrator states his intention of challenging the misconceptions and distortions concerning the life of Mani. In the third novel, Le Rocher de Tanios, published in 1993, the narrator sets out to find the truth concerning the events surrounding the birth, life and disappearance of the young man named Tanios, who lived in the narrator's village in Lebanon at the beginning of the nineteenth century. / Thesis (M.A.) - University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2009

The thesis examines the social memory of Soviet period in Ukraine on the national and regional levels drawing on the conceptual framework of social memory as shared, normative and formative knowledge of the past, subject to contentious interpretations of various groups and reflecting the power structure of the society. The analysis of the law on the rehabilitation of victims of political repressions in Ukraine, the law on the Holodomor as genocide against Ukrainian nation, and the decommunization laws shows that on the official level Ukraine moved from an ambivalent attitude towards the Soviet legacy, in which Stalinism was repudiated, to the condemnation of Soviet power as a whole. On the regional level, the study reveals the divisive memory of the Soviet past. The analysis of the activities of the Memorial Society, of monuments to the prisoners executed in Lviv by retreating Soviets in June of 1941, of the Museum-Prison on Lontsky street and other museums and monuments shows that in Lviv, as in the Baltic States, the Soviet power is viewed as an alien regime, imposed on freedom-loving Ukrainians by Soviet Russia tyranny. On the opposite side of Lviv is Donetsk. The analysis of the memorial landscape of the city shows that the Donbas memory of the 1930s, as in Soviet times and in Russia, is based on an official forgetting of the repressions. The general assessment of the Soviet past is positive is incorporated into the collective identity of Donetsk as its integral part. After the Euromaidan events of late 2013-early 2014 the opposite memories of the Soviet past became even more apparent. Soviet past in Ukraine is a complex historical period. Examples of post-second world war Western Europe shows that a society, which wants to rebuild itself after a traumatic, divisive past, has to work through this past critically and honestly through an extremely difficult, but necessary open public debate. Only free exchange of opinions, where diversity of perspectives and interpretations of the Soviet experience would be heard, will allow Ukrainian society to grasp the complexity of the Soviet past and to build an inclusive, pluralist democracy.

A presente dissertação versa sobre a construção de um espaço digital de memória bibliográfica do Serviço Social junto à Biblioteca do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Há séculos, o homem tem na instituição biblioteca um lugar destinado ao armazenamento, organização, disseminação e preservação da informação registrada. Dessa forma, parte-se do reconhecimento da biblioteca como sendo um espaço de memória, que se utiliza cada vez mais dos aportes tecnológicos para a democratização do conhecimento, sendo este o lócus do exercício da profissão da pesquisadora. A investigação se justifica pela ausência de registros digitais da memória do Serviço Social, no que diz respeito ao aspecto bibliográfico na UFRGS. Como categorias teóricas contemplam-se a memória social e a biblioteca como espaço de memória. A pesquisa de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa se utiliza da pesquisa documental, a partir do banco de dados (SABI), onde se analisa o acervo existente na Biblioteca no período de 2009 a 2012, o qual corresponde ao momento histórico de implementação do curso na Instituição. Na pesquisa documental, identificou-se 356 títulos de livros e 41 títulos de periódicos. Como procedimento e tratamento das informações obtidas da análise dos dados contidos nos livros e periódicos identificados, utilizam-se o método de análise de conteúdo e o tratamento estatístico através da distribuição de frequência. Como produto final dessa investigação tem-se a implementação do blog intitulado Memorial Bibliográfico do Serviço Social como espaço digital de memória bibliográfica. / This dissertation discusses the construction of a digital environment for bibliographical memory of social work at the Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. For many centuries, the library has been considered as the designated place to store, organize, disseminate and preserve registered information. This way, the library is recognized to be a space for memory, which utilizes technology towards the democratization of knowledge, which is also where the dissertation’s researcher works. This study is justified due to the lack of digital data on Social Work memory, concerning the bibliographical aspect at UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul). As theoretical categories, social memory and the library are considered as memory environments. This quantitative and qualitative research utilizes documental research from the university’s data base (Sabi), analyzing the existing library collection from 2009 to 2012, which is when the Social Work course was established at the university. During this documental research, 356 book titles and 41 journals were identified. To analize the obtained data from the identified books and journals, it was utilized the content analysis and statistical treatment through frequency distribution. A blog was created at the end of this investigation, which was entitled: The Bibliographical Memory of Social Work as a digital environment for bibliographical memory.

A perseguição política decorrente da ditadura militar, principalmente entre 1964 e 1979 no Brasil, obrigou muitos ativistas políticos a buscar exílio em terras estrangeiras. Em especial, depois do Ato Institucional n 5, centenas de brasileiros tiveram que deixar o país, pois corriam risco de serem presos, torturados e, em diversos casos, assassinados. Em uma viagem decidida às pressas, levavam seus filhos ainda crianças, para o exílio, mudando suas vidas. Este estudo pretende entender quem foram essas crianças, filhas da causa, que partiram com seus pais e que memórias possuem daquele conturbado período. Tendo como referência a Psicologia Social, e estabelecendo diálogo com outros saberes, buscou-se entender que memórias foram construídas e qual nível de compartilhamento intersubjetivo foi produzido entre os diferentes indivíduos. Dezoito sujeitos foram entrevistados, a partir de um roteiro semi-estruturado. Foram investigadas as lembranças decorrentes da saída do país para viver no exílio, a chegada e a adaptação ao país de exílio, a volta ao Brasil, e a avaliação global sobre o exílio e a escolha política dos pais. Através da análise de conteúdo, buscou-se articular as falas dos diversos entrevistados a procura de convergências e compartilhamento nos discursos dos sujeitos. A partir da perspectiva do campo da Memória Social, que tem em Maurice Halbwachs sua maior referência teórica, realizou-se a articulação de fragmentos de discursos dos sujeitos entrevistados em busca de sentidos comuns, construídos a partir das memórias infantis sobre o período do exílio. / The political witch hunt consequent from the brazilian military dictatorship (between 1964-1979) has obligated lots of militants to leave Brazil and look for exile in foreign countries. Especially after the Ato Institucional #5 hundreds of Brazilians had to leave their homes because they were in dangerous of being arrested, or physically tortured, or even worse: being wildly killed. After setting up a trip in a hurry, they would take their children - such young children at the moment - with them to overseas, changing their lives for good. This study intends to investigate who those children were, the filhos da causa and which memories they have about that eventful period of the Brazilian history. Based on Social Psychology theories and some other knowledge areas as well we tried to understand how those memories were built and how much intersubjective partaking was produced by a random of different individuals. A partially structured script was developed to interview eighteen people about their memories, from leaving the country in such a difficult moment to arrive in a different place and the setting in process, as well as coming back to Brazil and their opinions about the experience and about their relatives choices. Being supported by the rethorical analysis theories, we also tried to join peoples accounts together to look for convergencies and partaking in their speech. From the Social Memory, where Maurice Halbwachs is the greatest reference, weve tried to link some snippets to find out common gists, built from childhood memories about the exile.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O estudo teve por objetivo identificar e analisar as memórias e representações sociais acerca do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso (IFMT) construídas por seus docentes, servidores técnico-administrativos e alunos. Os pressupostos teóricos sobre os quais a pesquisa se assenta estão centrados em um diálogo entre aqueles da teoria das representações sociais e os que presidem os estudos da memória social numa perspectiva psicossocial. As representações sociais são exploradas tomando-se como principais autores de referência Moscovici (1978, 2003) e Abric (1998, 2000, 2003), enquanto a memória é tratada em seu aspecto coletivo/social, recorrendo-se a autores como Halbwachs (1994, 2004), Barlett (1995) e Sá (2005, 2007). Para a coleta dos dados foram utilizadas as técnicas de evocações livres e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Participaram das evocações 260 sujeitos, sendo 100 docentes, 60 técnico-administrativos e 100 discentes. Desse total, foram selecionados 58 sujeitos para participarem das entrevistas. O material coletado por meio das evocações foi processado pelo software EVOC (2003) e o referente às entrevistas pelo software ALCESTE. Os resultados revelaram que a memória socialmente construída acerca do IFMT quando ainda era Escola Técnica Federal (ETFMT) tende nitidamente para o pólo positivo de avaliação e as representações que consubstanciam essa memória têm relação com a qualidade da educação ali ofertada. Foi também possível evidenciar diferenças entre as representações construídas pelos três grupos de sujeitos. De outra parte, os resultados referentes às representações sociais contemporâneas, que têm como objeto o IFMT e o imediatamente anterior Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica (CEFETMT), revelam a presença de elementos de avaliação negativa em sua composição. A formação profissional ainda é vista como positiva e de qualidade pelo grupo de alunos, mas esse mesmo elemento, qualidade, perde a centralidade nas representações dos docentes e dos técnico-administrativos. De modo geral, os resultados apontam para representações sociais díspares entre os três grupos. A negatividade identificada na estrutura representacional do IFMT no presente parece estar associada às transformações pelas quais a instituição passou ao longo das últimas décadas, devido às políticas públicas impostas pelo governo para as instituições que compõem a rede federal de educação profissional. Com base nesses resultados, chegou-se à conclusão quanto à existência de memórias e representações distintas entre os docentes, discentes e técnico-administrativos acerca do passado e do presente da instituição. / The study aimed at identifying and analyzing the memories and social representations concerning the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso (IFMT) constructed by teachers, administrative civil servants and students. The theoretical basis under which the research was carried out is centered in an exchange of thoughts between the theory of the social representations and the studies of social memory, following a psychosocial perspective. The social representations are based on Moscovici (1978, 2003) and Abric (1998, 2000, 2003), while the memory is seen in its social/collective aspect, according to Halbwachs (1994, 2004), Barlett (1995) and Sá (2005, 2007). To data collection were used the techniques of free evocations and guided interviews. A number of 260 subjects took part in the collection of evocations; 100 teachers, 100 students and 60 administrative civil servants. From this amount, 58 subjects were selected to participate the interviews. The material collected by means of free evocations was processed by the software EVOC (2003) and verbal material originated from the interviews by the software ALCESTE. The results revealed that the socially constructed memory concerning the IFMT when it was a technical school (ETFMT) clearly tend for the positive side and the representations that form this memory are related to the quality of education. The construction of distinct representations among the three groups was also noticed. On the other hand, the results referring to the contemporary social representations which have as object the IFMT and previous Federal Center of Technological Education (CEFETMT) reveal the presence of negative elements of evaluation in its composition. The professional formation is still seen as positive and having quality by the students group. However, this component, quality, loses its centrality among teachers and administrative civil servants representations. Such results point out to the existence of different social representations among the three groups. The negative aspects identified in the representational structure of IFMT concerning the present time seen to be associated with the changes for which the institution underwent throughout the last decades, due to the public politics imposed by the government to the institutions that compose the federal net of professional education. Based on these results, it was possible to come to the conclusion about the existence of different memories and social representations among teachers, students and technician civil servants concerning the past and present of the institution investigated.

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Orientador: Célia Reis Camargo / Banca: Marly Rodrigues / Banca: Áureo Busetto / Resumo: A presente dissertação de mestrado tem por objeto de estudo as propostas de tombamento de bens culturais apresentadas por agentes políticos e sociais dos municípios do oeste paulista ao CONDEPHAAT (Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Artístico, Arqueológico e Turístico), órgão que institui e preserva o patrimônio paulista. No trabalho foram analisados os guichês e processos de tombamento onde foi abordado o ideário que esteve presente nas discussões e decisões do CONDEPHAAT, nas manifestações dos envolvidos e nas iniciativas das sociedades locais ao solicitar o tombamento, argumentando sobre seu valor. Foi possível identificar os embates pela preservação do patrimônio entre os diversos agentes do processo, com ênfase para os técnicos e conselheiros do CONDEPHAAT. A região oeste de São Paulo foi à última a ser ocupada e integrada ao restante do estado, sendo formada por municípios que se constituíram nas primeiras décadas do século XX sob o signo da modernidade e do progresso e esses conceitos acabam por conflitar com a noção de história enquanto visão de passado e pode-se considerar que a história presente não é reconhecida como objeto de preservação, nem pelo poder público nem pela sociedade local. / Abstract: The present master's degree dissertation has for study object the protection proposals of cultural goods presented by political and social agents of the municipal districts in western São Paulo State to Condephaat (Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Artístico, Arqueológico e Turístico), organ that institutes and preserves the heritage from São Paulo. In the work, windows and protection processes were analyzed where was approached the ideary that was present in the discussions and decisions of Condephaat, in the manifestations of those involved and in the initiatives of the local societies when requesting the protection, arguing on in value. It was possible to identify the resistences for the preservation of the heritage among the several agents of the process, with emphasis for the technicians and counselors of Condephaat. The western region of São Paulo was the last to be occupied and integrated into the rest of the state, being formed by municipal districts that were constituted in the first few decades of the XX century under the sign of the modernity and of the progress and those concepts conflict with the history notion while past vision and it can be considered that the present history is not recognized as preservation object, neither by the public power nor by the local society. / Mestre

A perseguição política decorrente da ditadura militar, principalmente entre 1964 e 1979 no Brasil, obrigou muitos ativistas políticos a buscar exílio em terras estrangeiras. Em especial, depois do Ato Institucional n 5, centenas de brasileiros tiveram que deixar o país, pois corriam risco de serem presos, torturados e, em diversos casos, assassinados. Em uma viagem decidida às pressas, levavam seus filhos ainda crianças, para o exílio, mudando suas vidas. Este estudo pretende entender quem foram essas crianças, filhas da causa, que partiram com seus pais e que memórias possuem daquele conturbado período. Tendo como referência a Psicologia Social, e estabelecendo diálogo com outros saberes, buscou-se entender que memórias foram construídas e qual nível de compartilhamento intersubjetivo foi produzido entre os diferentes indivíduos. Dezoito sujeitos foram entrevistados, a partir de um roteiro semi-estruturado. Foram investigadas as lembranças decorrentes da saída do país para viver no exílio, a chegada e a adaptação ao país de exílio, a volta ao Brasil, e a avaliação global sobre o exílio e a escolha política dos pais. Através da análise de conteúdo, buscou-se articular as falas dos diversos entrevistados a procura de convergências e compartilhamento nos discursos dos sujeitos. A partir da perspectiva do campo da Memória Social, que tem em Maurice Halbwachs sua maior referência teórica, realizou-se a articulação de fragmentos de discursos dos sujeitos entrevistados em busca de sentidos comuns, construídos a partir das memórias infantis sobre o período do exílio. / The political witch hunt consequent from the brazilian military dictatorship (between 1964-1979) has obligated lots of militants to leave Brazil and look for exile in foreign countries. Especially after the Ato Institucional #5 hundreds of Brazilians had to leave their homes because they were in dangerous of being arrested, or physically tortured, or even worse: being wildly killed. After setting up a trip in a hurry, they would take their children - such young children at the moment - with them to overseas, changing their lives for good. This study intends to investigate who those children were, the filhos da causa and which memories they have about that eventful period of the Brazilian history. Based on Social Psychology theories and some other knowledge areas as well we tried to understand how those memories were built and how much intersubjective partaking was produced by a random of different individuals. A partially structured script was developed to interview eighteen people about their memories, from leaving the country in such a difficult moment to arrive in a different place and the setting in process, as well as coming back to Brazil and their opinions about the experience and about their relatives choices. Being supported by the rethorical analysis theories, we also tried to join peoples accounts together to look for convergencies and partaking in their speech. From the Social Memory, where Maurice Halbwachs is the greatest reference, weve tried to link some snippets to find out common gists, built from childhood memories about the exile.