This thesis addresses the aesthetics, ideologies and practicalities of contemporary European Improvised Music-making - this term referring to the tradition that emerged from 1960s American jazz and free jazz, and that remains, arguably, one of today's most misunderstood and under-represented musical genres. Using a multidisciplinary approach drawing on Grounded Theory, Ethnography and Social Network Analysis, and bounded by Berlin's cosmopolitan local scene of 2012-13, I define Improvised Music as a field of differing-yet-interconnected practices, and show how musicians and listeners conceived of and differentiated between these sub-styles, as well as how they discovered and learned to appreciate such a hidden, 'difficult' and idiosyncratic art form. Whilst on the surface Improvised Music might appear chaotic and beyond analysis in conventional terms, I show that, just like any other music, Improvised Music has its own genre-specific conventions, structures and expectations, and this research investigates its specific modes of performance, listening and appreciation - including the need to distinguish between 'musical' and 'processual' improvisatory outcomes, to differentiate between different 'levels' of improvising, and to separate the group and personal levels of the improvisatory process. I define improvised practices within this ifeld as variable combinations of 'composed' (pre-planned) and 'improvised' (real-time) elements, and examine the specific definitions of 'risk', 'honesty', 'trust', and 'good' and `bad' music-making which mediate these choices - these distinctions and evaluatory frameworks leading to a set of proposed conventions and distinctions for Improvised Music listening and production. This study looks at the representation of identity by improvising musicians, the use of social and political models as analogies for the improvisatory process (including the interplay between personal freedom of expression and the construction of coherent collective outcomes), and also examines the multiple functions of recording, in a music that was ostensibly only meant for the moment of its creation. All of this serves to address several popular misconceptions concerning Improvised Music, and does so directly from the point of view of a large sample of its most important practitioners and connoisseurs. Such findings provide key insights into the appreciation and understanding of Improvised Music itself (both for newcomers and those already adept in its ways), and this thesis offers important suggestions for scholars of Musicology, Ethnomusicology, Sociology of Music, Improvisation Studies, Performance Studies and Music/Cognitive Psychology, as well as for those concerned with improvisation and creativity in more general, non-musical, terms.

Les réseaux sociaux en ligne (OSNs) recueillent une masse de données à caractère privé. Le recueil de ces données ainsi que leur utilisation relèvent de nouveaux enjeux économiques et évoquent plusieurs questionnements notamment ceux relatifs à la protection de la vie privée. Notre thèse propose certaines réponses.Dans le premier chapitre nous analysons l'impact du partage des données personnelles de l'utilisateur sur sa vie privée. Tout d'abord, nous montrons comment les intérêts d'un utilisateur -- à titre d'exemple ses préférences musicales -- peuvent être à l'origine de fuite d'informations sensibles. Pour ce faire, nous inférons les attributs non divulgués du profil de l'utilisateur en exploitant d'autres profils partageant les même ''goûts musicaux''. Notre approche extrait la sémantique des intérêts en utilisant Wikipedia, les partitionne sémantiquement et enfin regroupe les utilisateurs ayant des intérêts semblables. Nos expérimentations réalisées sur plus de 104 milles profils publics collectés sur Facebook et plus de 2000 profils privés de bénévoles, montrent que notre technique d'inférence prédit efficacement les attributs qui sont très souvent cachés par les utilisateurs.Dans un deuxième temps, nous exposons les conséquences désastreuses du partage des données privées sur la sécurité. Nous nous focalisons sur les informations recueillies à partir de profils publics et comment celles-ci peuvent être exploitées pour accélérer le craquage des mots de passe. Premièrement, nous proposons un nouveau « craqueur » de mot de passe basé sur les chaînes de Markov permettant le cassage de plus de 80% des mots de passe, dépassant ainsi toutes les autres méthodes de l'état de l'art. Deuxièmement, et afin de mesurer l'impact sur la vie privée, nous proposons une méthodologie qui intègre les informations personnelles d'un utilisateur afin d'accélérer le cassage de ses mots de passe.Nos résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité de créer de nouvelles méthodes d'estimation des fuites d'informations personnelles, ce que nous proposons : il s'agit d'une méthode formelle pour estimer l'unicité de chaque profil en étudiant la quantité d'information portée par chaque attribut public.Notre travail se base sur la plate-forme publicitaire d'estimationd'utilisateurs de Facebook pour calculer l'entropie de chaque attribut public. Ce calcul permet d'évoluer l'impact du partage de ces informations publiquement. Nos résultats, basées sur un échantillon de plus de 400 mille profils publics Facebook, montrent que la combinaison de sexe, ville de résidence et age permet d'identifier d'une manière unique environ 18% des utilisateurs.Dans la deuxième section de notre thèse nous analysons les interactions entre la plate-forme du réseau social et des tiers et son impact sur à la vie privée des utilisateurs.Dans une première étude, nous explorons les capacités de « tracking » des réseaux sociaux Facebook, Google+ et Twitter. Nous étudions les mécanismes qui permettent à ces services de suivre d'une façon persistante l'activité web des utilisateurs ainsi que d'évaluer sa couverture. Nos résultats indiquent que le « tracking » utilisé par les OSNs couvre la quasi-totalité des catégories Web, indépendamment du contenu et de l'auditoire.Finalement, nous développons une plate-forme de mesure pour étudier l'interaction entre les plates-formes OSNs, les applications sociales et les « tierces parties » (e.g., fournisseurs de publicité). Nous démontrons que plusieurs applications tierces laissent filtrer des informations relatives aux utilisateurs à des tiers non autorisés. Ce comportement affecte à la fois Facebook et RenRen avec une sévérité variable :22 % des applications Facebook testées transmettent au moins un attribut à une entité externe. Quant à, RenRen, nous démontrons qu'il souffre d'une faille majeure causée par la fuite du jeton d'accès dans 69 % des cas. / Sharing information between users constitutes the cornerstone of the Web 2.0. Online Social Networks (OSN), with their billions of users, are a core component of this new generation of the web. In fact, OSNs offer innovative services allowing users to share their self-generated content (e.g., status, photos etc.) for free. However, this free access is usually synonymous with a subtle counterpart: the collection and usage of users' personal information in targeted advertisement. To achieve this goal, OSN providers are collecting a tremendous amount of personal, and usually sensitive, information about their users. This raises concerns as this data can be exploited by several entities to breach user privacy. The primary research goals of this thesis are directed toward understanding the privacy impact of OSNs.Our first contribution consists in demonstrating the privacy threats behind releasing personal information publicly. Two attacks are constructed to show that a malicious attacker (i.e., any external attacker with access to the public profile) can breach user privacy and even threaten his online security.Our first attack shows how seemingly harmless interests (e.g., music interests) can leak privacy-sensitive information about users. In particular, we infer their undisclosed (private) attributes using the public attributes of other users sharing similar interests. Leveraging semantic knowledge from Wikipedia and a statistical learning method, we demonstrated through experiments ---based on more than 104K Facebook profiles--- that our inference technique efficiently predicts attributes that are very often hidden by users.Our second attack is at the intersection of computer security and privacy. In fact, we show the disastrous consequence of privacy breach on security by exploiting user personal information ---gathered from his public profile--- to improve the password cracking process.First, we propose a Markov chain password cracker and show through extensive experiments that it outperforms all probabilistic password crackers we compared against. In a second step, we systematically analyze the idea that additional personal information about a user helps in speeding up password guessing. We propose a methodology that exploits this information in the cracking process and demonstrate that the gain can go up to 30%.These studies clearly indicate that publicly disclosing personal information harms privacy, which calls for a method to estimate this loss. Our second contribution tries to answer this question by providing a quantitative measure of privacy. We propose a practical, yet formally proved, method to estimate the uniqueness of each profile by studying the amount of information carried by public profile attributes. To achieve our goal, we leverage Ads Audience Estimation platform and an unbiased sample of more than 400K Facebook public profiles. Our measurement results show that the combination of gender, current city and age can identify close to 55% of users to within a group of 20 and uniquely identify around 18% of them.In the second part of this thesis, we investigate the privacy threats resulting from the interactions between the OSN platform and external entities. First, we explore the tracking capabilities of the three major OSNs (i.e., Facebook, Google+ and Twitter) and show that ``share-buttons'' enable them to persistently and accurately track users' web activity. Our findings indicate that OSN tracking is diffused among almost all website categories which allows OSNs to reconstruct a significant portion of users' web profile and browsing history.Finally, we develop a measurement platform to study the interaction between OSN applications --- of Facebook and RenRen --- and fourth parties. We show that several third party applications are leaking user information to ``fourth'' party entities such as trackers and advertisers. This behavior affects both Facebook and RenRen with varying severity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4082.pdf: 1052309 bytes, checksum: fd3b1c06fbbf98c200a9d140aa9ac778 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-24 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Cancer is a chronic degenerative disease, considered a public health problem and one of the consequences is to induce the family to live a long time with a diseased family member. This can brake the family apart, because of the treatment process and also causing a demand for a social network that offers the support needed to cope with this complex trajectory. This study is quantitative, descriptive, exploratory cross-sectional, which aimed to characterize the feeling from the families about the social support in cancer patients, assisted by a specialized service in a city of Sao Paulo. All researches considerations with humans were respected. Interviews were conducted with every family that met the inclusion criteria, comprising 69 families and 161 people total. It was used for data collection the following instruments: The family profile of the patient with cancer , Social Support Scale of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS-SSS) and The Convoy of Social Support Diagram. The interviews were done at their homes with at least family dyads and also after the consent and respecting the date/time stipulated by the family. Data were coded and entered in Microsoft Excel and Biostat 5.0 and analyzed using descriptive and correlational statistics. Patient profiles showed: 65% were female, aged 28-89 years-old and the most prevalent neoplasm was breast cancer (36%), of which 48% were in advanced stages of disease. The second most frequent cancer was prostatic (10%), of which 72% were older 65 years-old. The Convoy of Social Support Diagram showed 506 members in the patient social networks, between 1-89 years-old. The most social network members was female, who knew the patient for 33 years-old on average and 78.7% lived less than 30 minutes from the patient house. The profiles of families showed 28% with only two people in their composition, living in social class D (70%). The MOS-SSS identified that affective support was the most frequently mentioned (88), followed by emotional support (81), material support (80), information support (78) and positive social interaction (76). An average positive correlation was found (p=0.002 e r=0.4) between social support and number of people on the network. Statistically significant associations were found with p<0.0001 between the dimensions of social support and p<0.0003 between the variables number of women in social networks and social support, indicating that social support tends to be greater in larger social network and especially if people are female. It is considered that the possibilities for support of the family are diverse and health professionals have an important role in increasing the viability of the contacts between the micro system (family) and supra system (neighborhood, community and religious organizations), but they must be open to the family, realizing it like a unit of care, recognizing the social network as a fundamental source in the maintenance of wellbeing which improves life satisfaction and effective support. So, identifying and giving the social network its value in the family context and understanding the real needs and potential of the family unit, helps the health professional in the planning of the care centered in the family. This may improve the confront of the families face difficulties inherent to chronic situation and provides a humanized care. The implement of public policies which promote access of population to social support networks is very important. / O câncer é uma doença crônico-degenerativa, considerada um problema de saúde pública. Dentre suas consequências induz a família a um longo convívio com seu membro doente e a desestruturação familiar, decorrente do processo terapêutico, gerando a demanda por uma rede social que ofereça o suporte necessário para o enfrentamento dessa complexa trajetória. Este é um estudo quantitativo exploratóriodescritivo de corte transversal, que buscou caracterizar o apoio social das famílias de doentes com câncer, assistidos num serviço especializado, de um município do interior paulista. Todos os cuidados que regem a pesquisa com seres humanos foram respeitados. Foram entrevistadas todas as famílias que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, compreendendo 69 famílias e totalizando 161 pessoas. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados os instrumentos: Caracterização da família do doente com câncer, Escala de Apoio Social do Medical Outcomes Study (MOS-SSS) e Diagrama de Escolta. As entrevistas foram feitas no domicílio, com no mínimo díades familiares, após o consentimento e respeitando data/hora estipuladas pela família. Os dados foram codificados e lançados em uma planilha no Microsoft Excel e Biostat 5.0, sendo analisados através da estatística descritiva e correlacional. O perfil dos doentes aponta: 65% do gênero feminino, com idade entre 28-89 anos. O tipo de câncer mais prevalente foi o de mama (36%), dos quais 48% encontravam-se em estágio avançado. O segundo câncer mais incidente foi o de próstata (10%), dos quais 72% possuíam idade superior aos 65 anos. A aplicação do Diagrama da Escolta evidenciou 506 integrantes nas redes sociais dos doentes com idade entre 1-89 anos. A maioria era familiar do doente, do gênero feminino, conheciam o doente há 33 anos em média e 78,7% residiam a menos de 30 minutos da casa do doente. O perfil das famílias evidenciou 28% compostas por apenas duas pessoas, pertencentes à classe social D (70%). Com a aplicação da MOSSSS foi identificado que o apoio afetivo foi o mais referido (88), seguido do emocional (81), material (80), de informação (78) e interação social positiva (76). Houve correlação média positiva (p=0.002 e r=0.4) entre apoio social geral e número de pessoas na rede e associações significativas com p<0,0001 entre as dimensões do apoio e com p=0.0003 entre as variáveis número de mulheres na rede e apoio social, indicando que o apoio social tende a ser maior quanto maior for a rede e, principalmente, se as pessoas forem do gênero feminino. As possibilidades da família obter apoio são diversificadas e os profissionais de saúde possuem um relevante papel na ampliação da viabilidade dos contatos entre o microssistema (famílias) e suprassistemas (vizinhança, comunidade, organizações e entidades religiosas), desde que estejam abertos para a família percebendo-a como uma unidade de cuidado e reconhecendo a rede social como fonte fundamental na manutenção do bem estar e melhora da satisfação com a vida e de apoio eficaz. Portanto, identificar e valorizar a rede social no contexto em que a família está inserida e conhecer as reais necessidades e potencialidades da unidade familiar auxilia o profissional de saúde no planejamento de cuidados centrados na família, possibilitando que essa possa enfrentar as dificuldades inerentes à situação de cronicidade, propiciando uma assistência humanizada. Ressaltase a relevância do implemento de políticas públicas que favoreçam o acesso dessa população às redes de apoio social.

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-02-16T18:41:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4249092 bytes, checksum: 55d1ea47091d7ea9ff4bd08be7f46c6b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T18:41:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4249092 bytes, checksum: 55d1ea47091d7ea9ff4bd08be7f46c6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The scientific knowledge is not just the discovery of new facts and laws, but also in its publication. Aiming to understand the complex scientific production system analysis techniques have been applied in many digital repositories. Therefore, the social network analysis (SNA) has been a topic of interest of several studies in recent years. Social networks can be established from the relationship between people or the relationship of information that can be analyzed to assist decision making. The purpose of this thesis is to present a technique that makes it possible to characterize areas of scientific research by building semantic networks vary in time. These networks are built building on the co-occurrence of keywords in the titles of scientific papers, used to represent the evolution of research themes addressed by means of publication over time. / O conhecimento científico não se resume na descoberta de fatos e leis novas, mas também em sua publicação. Visando compreender o complexo sistema de produção científica, inúmeras técnicas de análise vêm sendo aplicadas em repositórios digitais. Assim sendo, a análise de redes sociais (ARS) tem sido um tópico de interesse de diversos estudos realizados nos últimos anos. As redes sociais podem ser estabelecidas a partir da relação entre pessoas ou da relação de informações que podem ser analisadas a fim de auxiliar a tomada de decisão. A proposta desta dissertação é apresentar uma técnica que possibilite caracterizar áreas de pesquisa científica através da construção de redes semânticas variáveis no tempo. Essas redes são construídas tomando por base a coocorrência de palavras-chave nos títulos de artigos científicos, que servem para representar a evolução dos temas de pesquisa abordados pelos meios de publicação ao longo do tempo.

Submitted by ROGERIO DO AMARAL null (professorrgamaral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-08T21:37:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Doutorado Rogerio do Amaral.pdf: 2269995 bytes, checksum: 125956fe073a2e8b75c7a9ff11af42f7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-12T21:11:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amaral_r_dr_fct.pdf: 2269995 bytes, checksum: 125956fe073a2e8b75c7a9ff11af42f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T21:11:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amaral_r_dr_fct.pdf: 2269995 bytes, checksum: 125956fe073a2e8b75c7a9ff11af42f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-22 / Esta tese foi desenvolvida na linha de pesquisa de Desenvolvimento Humano, Diferença e Valores e parte da discussão sobre o potencial de uso da rede social Facebook por parte dos usuários que interagem com o pesquisador desse trabalho e a maneira como esses usuários aparecem nessa rede social. Nesse sentido, tem-se a preocupação de discutir se há mesmo motivo para se produzir uma tecnofobia em relação à rede virtual, nesse caso norteadora de um comportamento espetacular por parte de seus usuários, ou se prevalece a escolha do usuário quanto à determinação de como esse espaço será utilizado em seu cotidiano? Assim, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo demarcar a representação que o Facebook desempenha na participação dos usuários investigados; estabelecer uma relação entre o papel da técnica e o modo de agir desse usuário do Facebook; identificar os tipos de publicização que predominam em postagens realizadas por esses sujeitos nessa rede social virtual; e, analisar como o espetáculo aparece nessas publicizações e se a ocorrência dessa espetacularização interfere na aparição da vida real no ambiente virtual. Quanto à metodologia, a pesquisa se desenvolveu a partir de uma pesquisa empírica, cujos resultados foram lidos à luz do referencial teórico. A primeira etapa da investigação consistiu na aplicação de um questionário para usuários do Facebook, seguido da observação de perfis, postagens e páginas de grupos ou comunidades. Na segunda etapa, os dados levantados foram analisados à luz dos conceitos da técnica, do espetáculo e da publicização do privado. Diante dessa leitura dos dados empíricos em relação ao referencial teórico, a análise permitiu depreender que o Facebook constitui-se como um canal que ampliou os limites das relações interpessoais, assim como alterou o modo como a interação se efetiva entre as pessoas sem a barreira física do espaço e do tempo. No que se refere à relação entre o Facebook e a técnica, as atividades no espaço são marcadas por acontecimentos efêmeros, ações ambíguas e um comportamento autômato do usuário. Quanto ao espetáculo na rede social, tem-se um superdimensionamento da exposição da intimidade, marcado pela necessidade de se mostrar e ser mostrado. Enquanto a publicização do privado consiste no desaparecimento do espaço privado e a migração das ações desse espaço para o ambiente público, agora palco para a construção da personalidade individual. Ao final, conclui-se que o Facebook não substitui o espaço público, mas permite que as ações do mundo físico sejam dimensionadas no ambiente virtual, porém as ações ali ocorridas são consequências do modo de ação contemporâneo e não criadas ou determinadas pelo Facebook. É o sujeito que leva para a página virtual o comportamento já praticado em seus grupos sociais físicos. / This thesis was developed along the lines of research about the Human Development, Difference and Values and starts from the discussion about the potential of the social network Facebook use by users who interact with the researcher of this present work, and the way these users appear on such network. In this sense, it has the concern to discuss if there really is a reason to generate a technophobia in relation to social networks, in this case guiding a spectacular behavior by its users, or if prevails the user’s choice regarding the determination of how this space will be used in the day-by-day. Therefore, this research has as main goal to demarcate the representation that Facebook perform in the participation of the investigated users; to stablish a relationship between the role of technique and this Facebook user’s way of proceeding; to identify the kinds of publishing that predominate in posts made by these subjects on social network; and, to analyze how the spectacle appears on such publishings and if the occurrence of this spectacle interferes in the appearance of real life on virtual environment. Regarding methodology, the research was developed from an empirical research, whose results were read in the light of the theoretical reference. The first stage of the investigation was consisted of applying a questionnaire to Facebook users, followed by the observation of the profiles, posts and pages of groups or communities. In the second stage, the data were analyzed in the light of the concepts of technique, spectacle and publishing of the private. In the face of the reading of empirical data in relation to the theoretical reference, the analysis allowed to surmise that Facebook is consisted of a channel that expanded the limits of interpersonal relations, as well as modified the way how interaction is effective between people without the physical barrier of space and time. About the relation between Facebook and the technique, the activities in the space are marked by ephemeral happenings, ambiguous actions and an automaton behavior of the user. Regarding the spectacle on social network, there is an oversizing of the exposure of privacy, marked by the need of showing and to be shown. Meanwhile the publishing of the private is consisted of the disappearance of the private space and the migration of the actions from this space to the public environment, now stage for the construction of the individual personality. At last, it is concluded that Facebook does not replace the public space, but allows that the actions in the physical world be dimensioned in the virtual environment, however the actions that occur there are consequences of the contemporary acting way and not made or determined by Facebook. It is the subject who takes to the virtual page the behavior already being practiced in their physical social groups.

In this doctoral dissertation, I put party members and activists back in context. I stress theimportance of two contextual dimensions, often overlooked in the scientific literature. On theone hand, I put forward social network explanations of party membership and activism,emphasizing the importance of social interactions, relations and structures, which were scarcelyexplored as potential triggers. Like other forms of participation, party membership haspredominantly been portrayed through individuals as isolated, independent units, disconnectedfrom their micro social environment. On the other hand, local party branches as research objecthave often been ignored in the literature on party organisations, dominated by research on thenational mother party. Yet, we know little about how these local groups organise, how theycontribute to the recruitment and retention of members, and, more broadly, how the local partylevel copes with the challenges faced by the national organisation.With contribution on both supply and demand side of party membership studies, my dissertationis interested in questioning party membership and activism through network triggers and localparty organisations. Therefore, the final work comprises and articulates three empiricalchapters, offering their own sets of empirical analyses developed on original data.Inspired by network theory of political participation, the first chapter highlights the role ofpersonal networks as micro-contexts. Relying on original survey data gathered among a quotasample of 2,800 Belgian citizens, the chapter raises the question how the structure andcomposition of citizens’ social networks influence their probability to be party members.Regarding the structure, I demonstrate that the chance of joining a party increases alongnetwork size and density, with a stronger effect when the network is operationalised throughpolitical discussion. Regarding the composition, I show a major, positive effect of politicalattributes (attitudes of others: satisfaction and party closeness; and behaviours of other: otherforms of participation and party membership) and homophily (congruence in the network onthose political attributes) on the chances of joining a party, and, furthermore, the dominant partyin the network. Besides, social composition and homophily calls for further investigations.Overall, the chapter shows the effect of social context: how individuals behave and think towardpolitical parties is intimately linked with the features of their close social environment.The second chapter looks at party membership in local context. Framed by a functionalapproach of local party organisations, the chapter is dedicated to a qualitative assessment oflocal party branches as social and political groups. I ask how they organise, how they function,and, ultimately, discuss how they are impacted by party change. For this, I rely on a qualitativeanalysis of various empirical materials: hours of ethnographic observation within 11 local partybranches active in Brussels, complemented by interviews with their local presidents and adocument analysis of party statutes and local party rules and procedures, complemented withother internal and public party documents (leaflets, emails, posters, invitations, minutes,agenda, etc.). I show, first, that the organisation of local parties can be read through the trypticdeveloped to apprehend their national organisation (on the ground, in central and public office).Actually, local branches are divided into smaller groups, which all adopt different formal rulesand informal practices. Second, I stress that local party branches fulfil specific functions and anessential role of organisational and democratic maintenance, even if national membershipfigures are dropping. Local parties are involved in a complex dynamic between their role intheir municipality and as part of a larger party organisation. Nonetheless, this second chapterconcludes by pinpointing evidence of local party change: ascendency of the central and publicoffice, concentration of power, gap between members and officials, focus on nominationfunctions, etc.The third and last chapter puts party members in social and local party context. Bringing backnetwork theory, the chapter questions to what extent party activism might be triggered by thesocial networks built by members with their local branch fellows, or with higher party actors.The chapter consists in a quantitative analysis of survey data collected among local partyinformants belonging to 5 of the 11 local party branches. Respondents completed a shortquestionnaire adopting a similar operationalisation of social networks as in the first part of thedissertation. I demonstrate that the central place occupied by members in the network of theirlocal party branch (network centrality) is a good predictor of involvement at both the local andother organisational levels. This finding provides evidence to the “strength of strong ties” theoryin context of party organisation. In other words, the more a member is connected to othermembers of the branch aside from formal party activities, the more probability for this memberto be a party activist. I also show that extensive contacts with elected officials enhance thechances of joining a local party branch. Finally, I highlight that party members motivated bysolidary incentives are less likely to take part in higher participatory opportunities proposed bypolitical parties.More generally, my dissertation explores contexts in which party members and activists areembedded. It goes beyond individualistic considerations of traditional political behaviour andbrings back the local level into the organisational analysis of party membership.Methodologically, I extensively rely on Social Network Analysis to provide original relationalinsights on phenomena deeply collective by nature. Empirically, I focus on Belgium, a casehighly relevant to test new, “social” perspective on party membership. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Submitted by Kilvya Braga (kilvyabraga@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-14T13:17:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JÚLIO HENRIQUE ROCHA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2016.pdf: 3692650 bytes, checksum: 97151b25e0e73635f40106266ca79e2e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T13:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JÚLIO HENRIQUE ROCHA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2016.pdf: 3692650 bytes, checksum: 97151b25e0e73635f40106266ca79e2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Capes / Recuperação de Informação Geográfica (GIR) é uma área de pesquisa que desenvolve e viabiliza a construção de mecanismos de busca por conteúdos distribuídos pela Internet envolvendo algum contexto geográfico. Os motores de busca geográfica, que são artefatos produzidos na área de GIR, podem ser especificados para trabalhar em diversos contextos (e.g., esportes, concursos públicos), buscando um tratamento adequado ao tipo de documento manipulado. Atualmente, a comunidade científica e o meio comercial vêm concentrando esforços na construção de motores de busca geográfica com o foco em encontrar notícias distribuídas na Internet. Contudo, motores de busca (geográfica ou não) com foco em notícias, deveriam considerar o fator de credibilidade da informação contida nas mesmas no momento de ordená-las. Infelizmente, na maior parte das vezes, isso não acontece. Mensurar a credibilidade de notícias é uma atividade onerosa e complexa, por exigir o conhecimento dos fatos relatados. Dessa forma, os motores de busca acabam deixando a cargo do usuário a responsabilidade em confiar no que está sendo lido. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação propõe um método de ranking de relevância com foco em notícias e baseado em informações colhidas em redes sociais, para valorar um grau de credibilidade e, assim, ordená-las. O valor de credibilidade da notícia é calculado considerando a afinidade dos usuários, que a compartilharam em sua rede social, com as localidades mencionadas na notícia. Por fim, o ranking de relevância proposto é integrado a uma ferramenta de busca e leitura de notícias, denominada GeoSEn News, que viabiliza a consulta por meio de diversas operações espaciais e permite a visualização dos resultados em diferentes perspectivas. Tal ferramenta foi utilizada para avaliar o método proposto através de experimentos utilizando dados colhidos na rede social Twitter e em mídias informativas espalhadas pelo Brasil. A avaliação apresentou resultados promissores e atestou a viabilidade da construção do ranking de relevância que se baseia em informações coletadas em redes sociais. / Geographic Information Retrieval is a research field that develops and allows the construction of search engines to retrieve information with geographic context that is available on the Internet. Produced in the GIR field, geographic search engines can be specified to work in many different contexts (e.g., as sports, concerts), seeking proper ways to handle the chosen document type. Nowadays, the scientific community and the commerce are focusing efforts on building geographic search engines to find news over the Internet. However, search engines (geographical or otherwise) focused on news should consider the information credibility factor in the moment of ranking them. Unfortunately, in most cases, it is not what happens. Measure the news credibility is a complex and expensive task since it requires knowledge of the stated facts. Thereby, search engines end up giving the user the responsibility to trust or not what is being read. In this context, this work proposes a relevance ranking method focused in news and based on information collected from social networks, to evaluate a credibility factor and thus, rank them. The news credibility value is calculated considering the affinity of users who have shared it on their social network with the locations mentioned in the news. Lastly, the proposed relevance ranking is integrated with a search engine and reading news tool called GeoSEn News, which enables various spatial operations queries and allows result visualization in different perspectives. Through experiments using data collected in the social network Twitter and informational media throughout Brazil, this tool was used to evaluate the proposed method. The evaluation presented promising results and certified the feasibility of building relevance ranking based on information collected from social networks.

Nos dias de hoje, podemos constatar o crescimento das formas de linguagem mediadas pelas tecnologias da informação e comunicação. É em torno dessa constatação e nesse contexto que esta dissertação se insere. Seu tema é a caracterização do par post/comentário à luz da noção de gêneros textuais. Nosso objetivo é refletir sobre o referido, a fim de responder os seguintes questionamentos: (a) se post e comentário são dois gêneros textuais ou partes de um mesmo fenômeno de comunicação/gênero; (b) se são gêneros, como caracterizá-los e diferenciá-los; (c) não sendo o post um novo gênero textual, que especificidades podem caracterizá-lo como ferramenta e quais os aspectos que o vinculam ao gênero comentário. A fim de respondê-los, nossa opção metodológica foi por um estudo documental de cunho qualitativo. Este consistiu na coleta de publicações feitas no perfil da pesquisadora na rede social Facebook por diferentes sujeitos, no período pré e pós eleições brasileiras de 2014, especificamente no mês de outubro. Os posts e comentários selecionados referem-se exclusivamente à temática das eleições presidenciais. Entendemos que as redes sociais têm sido grandes incentivadoras à produção escrita e, consequentemente, promotoras de atividades de compreensão leitora. E, no que concerne em particular ao tema escolhido, acolheram e fomentaram intensos debates. As reflexões sobre leitura, portanto, perpassam este trabalho porque, ao pensarmos no nascimento e uso de um gênero, pensamos, também, em sua recepção, logo, nos processos leitores envolvidos. Para analisar os dados, utilizamos a proposta de Donato (2014), discutindo os quatro pilares constituintes do gênero função comunicativa, forma, conteúdo e suporte, e também pensando em três níveis: o da produção, recepção e contextualização. Como base teórico-metodológica seguimos a perspectiva da sociocognição, calcada especialmente nos estudos de Marcuschi (2005, 2008, 2010), Koch (1996, 2003) e Koch e Elias (2008, 2013), assim como fundamentos de Bakhtin (1997) sobre o caráter sócio-histórico dos gêneros. A título de conclusão, segundo nossas análises, salientamos a interdependência dos elementos do par estudado. No entanto, defendemos a delimitação do post enquanto gênero textual eminentemente digital e não apenas uma ferramenta ou parte do gênero comentário / Today we can see the growth of language forms mediated by information and communication technologies. It is through these findings and in this context that this dissertation is introduced. Its theme is characterized by the pair post/ comments within the light of concept text genres. Our objective is to reflect on the mentioned material above in order to answer the following questions: (a) is post and comment two genres or parts of the same phenomenon of communication / genrer; (b) if these are genre, how do we then characterize them and differentiate between them; (c) if this post is not a new genre, how can we specifically characterize it as a tool and which aspects of the post tie it to the genre comment. In order to answer these questions, our methodological option was a documented study of qualitative nature. This consisted with the collection of publications from the researchers social network profile within Facebook during the period of the Brazilian elections in 2014, specifically from the month of October. The posts and selected comments refer exclusively to the topic of presidential elections. We understand that social networks have been a great incentive towards writing production and therefore promote reading comprehension activities. With regard to the particular chosen theme, we welcomed and encouraged intense debate. When reflecting on literature, we prepare this work for the birth of a new text genre and also how it is received so the reader is involved in the process. To analyze the data, we use the proposed Donato (2014), discussing the four constituent pillars of genre - communicative function, form, content and support. We also considered three levels: production, reception and context. The theoretical and methodological basis we followed the perspective of sociocognitive, based especially on studies from Marcuschi (2005, 2008, 2010), Koch (1996, 2003) and Koch and Elias (2008, 2013), as well as the foundations of Bakhtin (1997) on the socio-historical character of genres. By way of conclusion, according to our analysis, we stressed the interdependence of the pair of elements studied. However, we defend the limitation of the post as an eminently digital text genre and not just as a tool or part of a genre comment

Os contextos em que as organizações operam e agem mudaram drasticamente nos últimos anos. Neste sentido, o espaço físico e a organização encontram-se conectados. As famosas palavras de Winston Churchill em 19431: “Nós moldamos nossos prédios e nossas construções nos moldam”, indiretamente já se referia à importância do espaço físico em relação a interação entre indivíduos. O design dos espaços de trabalho é normalmente guiado por topologias (formas de configurar layouts: aberto, fechado, celular) que descrevem e determinam a qualidade das interações. Mas a questão do layout do espaço como fator de influência da troca de conhecimentos entre colaboradores é uma dimensão pouco considerada os pesquisadores da gestão organizacional, ficando restrito a arquitetos e designers a preocupação com a elaboração e configuração de um layout físico favorável. Considerando este contexto, o presente trabalho propõe, como objetivo geral, desenvolver uma sistemática que permita analisar a disposição do ambiente de trabalho com base na análise de redes sociais (SNA) com o intuito de promover a interação social e a transferência de conhecimentos entre os membros de uma equipe. A proposta desta dissertação é baseada em uma abordagem combinada de métodos quantitativos e estudo de caso. Nesses termos, os dados desta pesquisa buscam analisar a interação do layout físico com a transferência do conhecimento no ambiente de uma equipe médica. Essa interação foi analisada através da teoria das redes sociais. Como principais resultados obtiveram-se: (i) a sistematização da literatura sobre o tema da transferência do conhecimento e análise de redes sociais; (ii) análise e aplicação da prática das análises das redes sociais e estudo do layout e (iii) proposta de uma versão inicial de um artefato para auxiliar profissionais da gestão organizacional que se interessem em analisar a rede social de um ambiente antes de alterar ou elaborar um novo layout para que os colaboradores possam ter mais interação e com isso melhorar a transferência do conhecimento e, consequentemente, a inovação organizacional. / The contexts in which organizations operate and act have changed dramatically in recent years. In this sense, the physical space and the organization are connected. The famous words said by Winson Churchill in 1943: “We shape our buildings and afterwards our building shape us”, indirectly already noted the importance of the physical space and interaction between individuals. The design of office spaces is often guided by general typologies (cellular, open and closed office) to describe and determine the quality of interactions in office structures. However, the layout of spaces, as an influence factor for knowledge sharing between people, is a dimension little considered by researchers from the organizational management field. Architects and designers are the only concerned about the design and configuration of a physical layout to strengthen such interaction. Based in this context, this work proposes, as main objective, to develop a systematic that allows analyzing the work environment disposition based on both a network analysis and on a knowledge transfer perspective. This proposal is based on a combined quantitative and a case study approach. In these terms, the collected data was used to analyze the interaction of a medical team when considered the physical layout of their work environment. The interaction was analyzed through the theory of social networks. As main results, we highlight the following: (i) the systematization of the literature on the subject of knowledge transfer and social network analysis; (ii) a practical application of social networks in the studies of office layouts; and, (iii) the proposal of an artifact to help management professionals to analyze the social network of an environment before changing or developing a new layout focused on the improvement of people interaction and, consequently, improving the organizational innovation.

Com o aumento dos usuários acessando a internet no Brasil, cresce a quantidade de conteúdo produzido por brasileiros. Assim se torna importante classificar os melhores autores para que se tenha mais confiança nos textos lidos. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação faz um estudo sobre a descoberta de autoridades em tópicos na blogosfera brasileira. O escopo de estudo e análise é a plataforma de publicação de blogs, Blogspot, sobre os blogueiros que se identificam como brasileiros. Para tanto, foram coletados nove milhões de postagens do ano de 2012 e considerados os comentários como fonte de relacionamento entre os blogueiros para gerar uma rede social. Essa rede foi usada para experimentos do algoritmo de identificação de autoridades em tópicos. O algoritmo utilizado como base é o Topic PageRank, separando os diversos tópicos da blogosfera pelas tags que os usuários definem em suas postagens e posteriormente construindo a lista das autoridades em tais tópicos. Experimentos realizados demonstram que o método proposto resulta em melhor ranqueamento que o algoritmo original do PageRank. Cabe salientar que foi feita uma caracterização dos dados coletados por um questionário aplicado a quatro mil autores. / With the intesification of users accessing the Internet in Brazil, the amount of content produced by Brazilians increases. Thus, it becomes important to classify the best authors to have more confidence in the texts read. In this sense, this work presents a study on subject of topic authorities discovery in the Brazilian blogosphere. The scope of the study is the Blogspot platform, focusing on bloggers who identify themselves as Brazilians. To this end, we collected nine millions posts in the year of 2012 and considered the comments as a source of relationship between bloggers to generate a social network. This network was used for performing experiments considering the proposed approach to identify topic authorities. The algorithm used is based on the Topic PageRank, which can separate the different blogosphere’s topics by tags that users use on their posts, and then building the list of authorities on such topics. The experiments conducted show that the proposed approach results in better ranking than the original PageRank algorithm. We also characterize the collected database with a survey of over four thousand authors.