These days old-fashioned ways of developing and maintaining relationships suffer from the fast-growing CMC communication. Following this does this evolution of computer-mediated communication have an influence on social relationships, friendships and user behavior? This thesis examines how strongly can social media influence people, their cultural identity and online/offline bonds. The thesis is mainly focused on Facebook social network, which currently brings together more than a billion people. My work is based on three hypotheses and my aim is to confirm or disprove whether people consciously dissemble and show better me than fact, whether our behaviour online has an affect on offline relationships in terms of weakening ties, and whether the Facebook relationships have weaker ties than traditional offline relationships. This thesis will be based on a survey of at least 400 people from Prague regarding their use of Facebook to form and maintain relationships. The questionnaire survey is based on the theories of CMC created by theorist Christian Fuchs in his publication Internet and Society: Social Theory in the Information Age published in 2008.

The focus of this diploma thesis is the development and change in printed media. It is aimed at fashion periodicals from their beginning to present time. Czech mutations of ELLE and Harper's Bazaar were chosen as specific examples. The thesis is divided into several independent sections. In the first one, terms and theoretical solutions are defined and later further examined. The theory of parasocial interaction is used to view the chosen media as if they were individuals able to establish relationships with their readers through social media. Media are also assessed as a constituent of an industry field, in which rivalries take place and therefore it is necessary to adjust to the changing technological environment. Next part of the thesis is an attempt to describe the development of fashion magazines with an extra focus on visual transformation as well as on the change of communication strategies towards readers. Situation abroad and in the Czech Republic is detailed. In the practical section, there is an attempt at answering the research question, what are the communication options and how are they used in the traditional printed fashion magazines in the online setting. This part is based on quality and quantity methods such as questionnaires, elite interview, descriptive analysis of web pages...

Over the last few years the ASA determined KM as a priority to assist with reducing knowledge loss, realising information assets and reducing work duplication by attempting to implement IKM tools and strategies. This research employed a pragmatic viewpoint, using a mix of both quantitative and qualitative methods to check reliability, to ensure validity while undertaking the task of implementing the IKM tools. Using a case study strategy and action research was justified, as to be pragmatic the researcher needed to understand the extent of the problem within a specified context. The research discussed in this thesis, provides a new framework for implementing KM tools; focusing on the NSO category, which the case study organisation falls into. The literature agrees enlisting influential members onto the project is vital for success; however, the findings suggested that success was not only tied to this buy-in alone, but also to the organisation s ability to retain these members for the duration of the project. The research proposed the use of a newly developed tool within the new framework, as an approach to reduce the time it takes to undertake traditional social network analysis of the organisation, as it became clear that there was a need for a method of producing updated results of the SNA, which would span the length of long projects within organisations with significantly high staff turn-over rates. Privacy was given as a factor to consider the in literature; however, the findings from this study indicated that a majority of the participants were comfortable with the system. Email knowledge extraction, and email social network systems are not new concepts, however this research presents EKESNA; a novel tool that combines both concepts in a way that allows for the continuous discovery, visualisation, and analysis of knowledge networks around specified topics of interest within an organisation; linking conversations to specific expert knowledge. EKESNA s continuous discovery of the organisation s knowledge network affords members up-to-date data to inform business process reengineering. This is a potentially ground breaking new tool that has the possibility of transforming the KM landscape in NSOs as well as a whole range of other kinds of enterprises.

Cette thèse traite de l'usage de l'annotation socio-sémantique dans le cadre de la dé-mocratie électronique et plus particulièrement des débats en ligne. L'annotation socio-sémantique est utilisée ici comme solution de structuration des débats. La représentationdes données des débats est pensée pour faciliter la mise en place de méthodes d'extrac-tion et d'analyses du réseau social des utilisateurs, en particulier pour faciliter l'extractionde groupes d'opinions. La thèse est réalisée dans le contexte de l'ANR Intermed qui vise àproduire des outils d'aide à la concertation en ligne, en particulier pour la gestion de zonescôtiéres.En nous appuyant sur la tendance 2.0, nous définissons la notion de débat 2.0. Débat àgrande échelle, au moins l'échelle d'une collectivité territoriale, s'appuyant sur l'usage detechnologies du Web 2.0 pour faciliter les interactions entre les citoyens. Dans ce contexte,l'interopérabilité est un enjeu crucial. Si les annotations discursives s'inscrivent dans latendance 2.0 et permettent aux citoyens de discuter en ligne, le traitement des donnéesproduites en vue de structurer les débats, de synthétiser les discussions, de modérer, d'éva-luer la représentativité ... devient une tâche de plus en plus complexe avec l'augmentationde la quantité de données produites. Nous proposons d'utiliser les technologies du websémantique, et donc des annotations à la fois discursives et sémantiques (appelées anno-tations socio-sémantique), pour représenter les données produites par les citoyens dansun outil de débat 2.0 et pour faciliter l'interopérabilité de ces données, faciliter la créationd'autres services comme par exemple un service d'analyse du réseau social, un service derecommandation, un service de visualisation des débats ... Nous présentons donc un mé-canisme d'annotation structurant les discussions, fruit d'un processus incrémental d'im-plémentation et d'expérimentation sur le terrain. / This pdh deals with socio-semantic annotations for e-democracy and online debates. Socio-semantic annotation are used to structurate debates. Data representation was designed to facilitate social network analysis and community detection based on opinion mining. This phd was made during the ANR project Intermed wich has to develop e-participation tools for geolocalised planning.Based on Web 2.0 trend, we define debate 2.0 concept as great scale online debates. A debate 2.0 is a debate that involves at least an important part of the inhabitants of a county and that uses web 2.0 tools. Interoperability is a main challenge of debates 2.0. If discursive annotations are a web 2.0 way of interaction between citizen, to process data from citizen participation is a complicate and expensive task. We recommand to use web semantic technology and socio-semantic annotations to represent data produced by citizen. Il will increase interoperability and easiness to create new applications and features consuming this data. We propose an annotation mecanism to structurate discussions and we have developped a platform through an agile loop with on field experiment.

Business information systems (BIS) comprise technological (e.g. programs), informational (e.g. content) and social artifacts (e.g. collaboration structures). Typically, such systems are constantly and collectively developed (co-developed) further by a variety of individuals within the organization. By recognizing these varying types of actors (concerning their goals, technical expertise and language means) and their predominantly developed artifact type, one can distinguish two types of subsystems: technical subsystems wherein the development of the system behavior is conducted by software developers; and business subsystems dominated by end-users developing informational artifacts. So far, co-development structures within and between these subsystems are not well understood, especially the aspect that - potentially driven by appropriate measures such as the provision of domain-specific languages - co-development might shift between these subsystems. This paper presents an approach for characterizing the co-development of real-world BIS with respect to direct participation from different kinds of contributors. This multilayered approach allows us to analyze the co-development with programming languages, domain-specific languages and end-user tools. The approach is suited to assess the direct participation of individuals from different subsystems in the development of evolving BIS. We focus on the intersection of these subsystems, present appropriate metrics and a multilayered analysis scheme. Contributions to artifacts are analyzed using social network analysis to detect structural properties of continuous co-development. The application to Learn@WU, a real-world BIS, demonstrates how end-user enabling technologies have shifted the co-development effort of the system from a small group of developers to a several orders of magnitude larger group of contributors. We observed an increase of direct participation over time on both informational and executable artifacts, while the number of technical experts was more or less constant. Our approach may act as a trigger for the application and further development of rigorous instruments for assessing co-development of BIS. (authors' abstract)

The Master's thesis Network analysis of the self-presentation of users on the social media platform Facebook.com focuses on the different ways of self-presentation and behavior of the users on the Facebook.com. The central theme of the thesis is the analysis of the self- presentation tools used by users to construct their virtual identities. In the theoretical part there are explained concepts of identity, self-presentation, social role and social network. The emphasis is also put on the dramaturgical concept of Erving Goffman, which is also the basic theory for this empirical research. The aim of this research is to find out whether there is a difference between the so-called virtual and real user identity and to point out the existence of the so-called ideal self. The research consists of two parts and combines two research methods. In the first part of the research, there are analysed all the data obtained by qualitative in-depth interview. This data is then used in the following network analysis of the content of their Facebook profiles. This network analysis is the main outcome of this thesis. In the conclusion, the findings obtained during the research are presented and at the same time they are compared with previous researches dealing with this topic.

Le partage d'informations dans les systèmes de réseaux sociaux (SRS) suscite des inquiétudes concernant de possibles abus impactant la vie privée. La possibilité pour les utilisateurs de contrôler les informations qu'ils partagent avec le fournisseur de SRS et avec les autres utilisateurs peut être améliorée par la décentralisation des données personnelles et par une gestion appropriée des conflits entre politiques. Prenant son inspiration dans l'approche de décentralisation, la première contribution de cette thèse est la proposition de propriétés relevant de la conception du SRS et impactant la vie privée lorsqu'elles sont considérées par rapport à une gradation de la décentralisation. Ces propriétés ont été organises dans une grille d'analyse multicritères conçue pour analyser et comparer les SRS. L'application de la théorie des treillis à cette grille permet d'évaluer, de classifier et de visualiser différents SRS dans une hiérarchie partielle. Alors que la décentralisation résoudre des problèmes impliquant le fournisseur de SRS, les politiques de vie privée jouent un rôle majeur dans la protection contre les accès non autorisés par d'autres utilisateurs. La seconde contribution de cette thèse consiste en l'introduction du concept d'équité dans le contexte de la gestion des conflits entre politiques. Un algorithme conçu pour maintenir l'équité entre les utilisateurs de SRS est introduit pour résoudre les conflits pouvant survenir entre les politiques de plusieurs utilisateurs, évitant que certains puissent gagner un avantage sur d'autres. L'évaluation montre que l'approche introduite dans cette thèse conduit à de meilleurs résultats que les stratégies classiques de résolution de conflits, réduisant ainsi les iniquités existantes en termes d'application des politiques. / In Social Network Systems (SNSs), the sharing of information leads to many privacy concerns about potential abuses of personal information. Users’ control over information shared with the SNS provider and with other users could be improved in SNSs through the decentralization of personal data, and the proper management of policy conflicts. Inspired by the decentralization approach, the firrst contribution of this thesis is the proposal of SNS design properties relevant to privacy when considered along a gradation of decentralization. These properties are organized in a multi-criteria analysis grid, designed to analyze and compare SNSs. The application of a lattice structure on this grid allows to evaluate, classify and visualize different SNSs within a partial hierarchy. While decentralization solves issues involving the SNS provider, privacy policies play a leading role in the protection of unauthorized data access from other users. The second contribution of this thesis consists in the introduction of the concept of equity in the context of policy conflict management. An algorithm to maintain equity between users in SNSs is introduced to solve conflicts that may arise between the privacy policies of several users, avoiding that some users take advantage over others. The evaluation shows that the equity approach introduced in this thesis leads to better results than classical conflict resolution strategies, reducing existing inequities in terms of policy enforcement.

Nous sommes amenés chaque jour à prendre un nombre important de décisions : quel nouveau livre lire ? Quel film regarder ce soir ou où aller ce week-end ? De plus en plus, nous utilisons les ressources en ligne pour nous aider à prendre des décisions. Comme la prise de décision est assistée par le domaine en ligne, l'utilisation de systèmes de recommandation est devenue essentielle dans la vie quotidienne. Dans le même temps, les réseaux sociaux sont devenus une partie indispensable de ce processus ; partout dans le monde on les utilise quotidiennement pour récupérer des données de personne et de sources d'information en qui on a confiance. Quand les internautes passent du temps sur les réseaux sociaux, ils laissent de précieuses informations sur eux-mêmes. Cela a attiré l'attention des chercheurs et les professionnels de nombreux domaines académiques et commerciaux. Comme le domaine de la recommandation est un domaine qui a assisté à des changements de grande ampleur attribuable à des réseaux sociaux, il y a un intérêt évident pour les systèmes de recommandation sociale. Cependant, dans la littérature de ce domaine, nous avons constaté que de nombreux systèmes de recommandation sociale ont été évalués en utilisant des réseaux sociaux spécialisés comme Epinions, Flixter et d'autres types des réseaux sociaux de recommandation, qui tendent à être composées d'utilisateurs, d'articles, de notes et de relations. Ces solutions ne peuvent pas être étendues directement à des réseaux sociaux à usage général (GPSNs) comme Facebook et Twitter, qui sont des réseaux sociaux ouverts où les utilisateurs peuvent réaliser une variété d'actions utiles pour l'aide à la recommandation / We are surrounded by decisions to take, what book to read next? What film to watch this night and in the week-end? As the number of items became tremendous the use of recommendation systems became essential in daily life. At the same time social network become indispensable in people’s daily lives; people from different countries and age groups use them on a daily basis. While people are spending time on social networks, they are leaving valuable information about them attracting researchers’ attention. Recommendation is one domain that has been affected by the social networks widespread; the result is the social recommenders’ studies. However, in the literature we’ve found that most of the social recommenders were evaluated over Epinions, flixter and other type of domains based recommender social networks, which are composed of (users, items, ratings and relations). The proposed solutions can’t be extended directly to General Purpose Social Networks (GPSN) like Facebook and Twitter which are open social networks where users can do a variety of useful actions that can be useful for recommendation, but as they can’t rate items, these information are not possible to be used in recommender systems! Moreover, evaluations are based on the known metrics like MAE, and RMSE. This can’t guarantee the satisfaction of users, neither the good quality of recommendation

Avec la quantité croissante du contenu pédagogique produit chaque jour par les utilisateurs, il devient très difficile pour les apprenants de trouver les ressources les plus adaptées à leurs besoins. Les systèmes de recommandation sont utilisés dans les plateformes éducatives pour résoudre le problème de surcharge d'information. Ils sont conçus pour fournir des ressources pertinentes à un apprenant en utilisant certaines informations sur les utilisateurs et les ressources. Le présent travail s'inscrit dans le contexte des systèmes de recommandation des ressources pédagogiques, en particulier les systèmes qui utilisent des informations sociales. Nous avons défini une approche de recommandation de ressources éducatives en se basant sur les résultats de recherche dans le domaine des systèmes de recommandation, des réseaux sociaux et des environnements informatiques pour l’apprentissage humain. Nous nous appuyons sur les relations sociales entre apprenants pour améliorer la précision des recommandations. Notre proposition est basée sur des modèles formels qui calculent la similarité entre les utilisateurs d'un environnement d'apprentissage pour générer trois types de recommandation, à savoir la recommandation des 1) ressources populaires, 2) ressources utiles et 3) ressources récemment consultées. Nous avons développé une plateforme d'apprentissage, appelée Icraa, qui intègre nos modèles de recommandation. La plateforme Icraa est un environnement d’apprentissage social qui permet aux apprenants de télécharger, de visualiser et d’évaluer les ressources éducatives. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons les résultats d'une expérimentation menée pendant deux ans qui a impliqué un groupe de 372 apprenants d'Icraa dans un contexte éducatif réel. L'objectif de cette expérimentation est de mesurer la pertinence, la qualité et l'utilité des ressources recommandées. Cette étude nous a permis d'analyser les retours des utilisateurs concernant les trois types de recommandations. Cette analyse a été basée sur les traces des utilisateurs enregistrées avec Icraa et sur un questionnaire. Nous avons également effectué une analyse hors ligne en utilisant un jeu de données afin de comparer notre approche avec quatre algorithmes de référence. / With the increasing amount of educational content produced daily by users, it becomes very difficult for learners to find the resources that are best suited to their needs. Recommendation systems are used in educational platforms to solve the problem of information overload. They are designed to provide relevant resources to a learner using some information about users and resources. The present work fits in the context of recommender systems for educational resources, especially systems that use social information. We have defined an educational resource recommendation approach based on research findings in the area of recommender systems, social networks, and Technology-Enhanced Learning. We rely on social relations between learners to improve the accuracy of recommendations. Our proposal is based on formal models that calculate the similarity between users of a learning environment to generate three types of recommendation, namely the recommendation of 1) popular resources; 2) useful resources; and 3) resources recently consulted. We have developed a learning platform, called Icraa, which integrates our recommendation models. The Icraa platform is a social learning environment that allows learners to download, view and evaluate educational resources. In this thesis, we present the results of an experiment conducted for almost two years on a group of 372 learners of Icraa in a real educational context. The objective of this experiment is to measure the relevance, quality and usefulness of the recommended resources. This study allowed us to analyze the user’s feedback on the three types of recommendations. This analysis is based on the users’ traces which was saved with Icraa and on a questionnaire. We have also performed an offline analysis using a dataset to compare our approach with four base line algorithms.

Virtual influencer is a new phenomenon operating on social networks. Since this is new, there is not a lot of research about that field. Therefor the purpose of this study is to get a better understanding about virtual influencers and how they operate on instagram. Which will be done by identifying which key factors that needs to be considered in the process of creation and management of a virtual influencer. Experiment has been used as a method. A virtual character has been created as well as its account on instagram. During 2 months, data has been collected and has revealed that there are different factors that can impact the creation and management of a virtual influencers account. The key factors that have been identified are the realism of the character, the changing algorithm of instagram as well as the accounts content itself. Firstly, the character should be realistic but the fictional part of it should be at least noticeable in order to generate curiosity. Secondly, the instagram algorithm makes a difference if it is managed right. The last key factor is the content of the account itself; it needs to be adapted to the audience and the content in the posts as well as the overall aesthetic of the feed need to be visually appealing in order to raise interest.