This clinical enquiry, based on clinical work undertaken during an internship, explores the role of music therapy in the nurturing of personhood of persons in a male psychogeriatric ward. The purpose of the enquiry is to draw insights into the role of music therapy in fostering personhood, not only in patients, but nursing staff members, who were included in the weekly music therapy group. The music therapy sessions included a variety of musical activities with many opportunities for performing. Over the course of thirteen sessions, clinical material was selected via purposive sampling, in the form of three video excerpts, and text lifted from observation notes. This material was analyzed using the research methods of coding, categorizing and identifying themes. The emerging themes are opportunities for growth of personal worth; experience of a changing group and self-identity; community: being in social relationship with others; and musical interplay: expression through music. It appears that music therapy indeed played a role in nurturing the personhood of group members, through the affordance of opportunities, and through enablement and empowerment of the individuals and the group. It would seem that including staff in the music therapy groups, developed not only their own personhood, but the personhood of the patient. This may have implications in music therapists’ view of the role of the nursing staff member within a music therapy group. Staff may be seen as, not only perfunctory helpers, but as a contributing, equal members of a music therapy group. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Music / UCTD / Unrestricted

Policies at assisted living facilities should be designed to develop high quality social relationships among older persons that could increase the contentment of the residents. Despite the broad consensus on this mission, the role of social support in the perceived contentment of assisted living facility residents has not been adequately explored. Using social network theory as the framework for this study, the purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether (a) perceived level of social support was related to perceived level of contentment with life among assisted living facility residents, (b) the length of time spent in the facility was related to perceived levels of contentment, and (c) perceived social support moderated the relationship between the length of time in the facility and perceived levels of contentment with life. The sample included 100 residents from 2 assisted living facilities in North Carolina. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Generalized Contentment Scale were used in this study. Linear regression analyses were employed to answer the research questions. Participants with higher levels of perceived social support tended to have higher levels of perceived contentment with life, and the length of time residents had spent in the facility was not related to their perceived contentment with life. In addition, levels of social support did not moderate the relationship between the length of time respondents had been in the facility and contentment; age, gender, ethnicity, and marital status were not related to perceived contentment with life. This study leads to positive social change by providing long-term care providers with information on social support systems and how staff can create conditions for them to enjoy better social relationships and experience greater support, thereby facilitating their contentment with life.

Svenska rapporter har länge påtalat den negativa effekt som avsaknaden av socialt stöd innebär för mänskligt välbefinnande. De sociala relationerna och därmed källorna till socialt stöd förklaras bli färre med åren, värst drabbade i vårt svenska samhälle är kvinnor över 75 år. Samtidigt är äldre kvinnor frisörernas mest frekventa och lojala kunder. Via sin yrkesroll har frisören potential att utgöra en informell källa för socialt stöd för dessa kvinnor. Trots frisörernas stora potential att bidra med socialt stöd för dem är forskningen kring ämnet ur de äldre kvinnornas perspektiv i stort sett obefintlig. I föreliggande kvalitativa studie med socialpsykologisk ansats har syftet varit att undersöka samt bidra till ökad förståelse för vilken betydelse frisören har för äldre kvinnors upplevelser av socialt stöd och välbefinnande. Studien utgick från kvalitativa metoder och insamling av data skedde via nio enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor över sjuttiofem år i Västsverige. Resultatet visade att äldre kvinnor upplevde såväl praktiska som sociala former av socialt stöd via sin frisör. Vidare utgjorde frisören positiva bidrag för äldre kvinnors välbefinnande genom att frisörrelationen hade potential att bidra med tillfredsställelse utifrån två aspekter, socialt och individuellt. På samma sätt visade sig avsaknaden av dessa behov liksom de olika formerna av socialt stöd medföra negativ påverkan för äldre kvinnors välbefinnande. Av resultatet framkom att det var den sociala konstruktionen av frisören som bidrog till den unika sociala relationen mellan kunden och frisören, vilken fick större betydelse för äldre kvinnors upplevelse av socialt stöd och välbefinnande än frisörens yrkesroll som sådan. / Swedish reports have long pointed out the negative effect that the lack of social support has on human well-being. As age progresses, it is explained that social relationships and thus sources of social support become fewer, the worst affected in our Swedish society are women over the age of 75. At the same time, older women are the most frequent and loyal customers of hairdressers. Through her professional role, the hairdresser has the potential to be an informal source of social support for these women. Despite the great potential of hairdressers to contribute with social support, research on the subject from the perspective of older women is largely non-existent. In this qualitative study with a social psychological approach, the aim has been to investigate and contribute with increased understanding of the importance of a hairdresser for older women's experiences of social support and well-being. The study was based on qualitative methods and collection of data was made through nine individual semi-structured interviews with women over the age of seventy-five in Western Sweden. The results showed that older women experienced both practical and social forms of social support through their hairdresser. The hairdresser also made a positive contribution to the well-being of older women because of the hairdressing relationship had the potential to contribute satisfaction from two aspects, socially and individually. Similarly, the lack of these needs as well as the various forms of social support had a negative impact on older women. The result showed that it was the social construction of the hairdresser that contributes to the unique social relationship between the customer and the hairdresser, which was more important for older women's experience of social support and well-being than the hairdresser's professional role as such.

L’objet de notre recherche vise à identifier les chemins de l’émancipation individuelle desdescendantes sportives de migrants maghrébins habitantes de quartier populaire.Parler d’émancipation féminine dans un contexte d’héritage migratoire arabo-musulman suscite unrisque de lecture du processus au travers de catégories sociales ethnocentrées. Le premier travail a doncconsisté en une déconstruction des catégories sociales dominantes puis en une reconstruction de catégoriesd’intelligibilité du social afin de dépasser l’illusion de la relégation collective cumulée - sexuée, culturelle etsociale - des descendantes de migrants maghrébins et l’impasse pratique de l’injonction paradoxale de« fidélité versus rupture » vis-à-vis du système anthropologique arabo-musulman. Dès lors, notre lecturecompréhensive de l’engagement, minoritaire et innovant, des descendantes dans un loisir sportif, en tantqu’espace de tradition masculine impliquant particulièrement le corps, a permis d’appréhender les moteurs etmodalités d’une individualisation qui ne traduit pas une simple contestation pratique d’une tradition héritée.Cheminer vers la recherche des conditions de possibilité de leur expérience de loisir sportif et desimplications pratiques de cet engagement sur leur repositionnement dans divers rapports sociaux a exigé demobiliser une démarche de terrain enracinée. A l’issue d’une enquête quantitative basée sur un repéragepatronymique de la représentation des descendantes dans l’offre de loisir territorialisée d’un quartier bisontin,54 éclairages qualitatifs ont permis de recueillir la matière de cette recherche au fur et à mesure de 6 moisd’observation participante des loisirs sportifs sur le quartier.Nous avons constaté que les processus familiaux de transmissions mémorielles et culturelles –références sexuées et religieuses – sont les vecteurs d’une dynamique des générations source de changementsnégociés entre la génération des migrants et celle des descendants. Fonction des vécus pré et post-migratoires,ils conditionnent la définition de statuts féminins et masculins qui stimulent différentiellement tant la doubleinscription familiale et sociale que l’engagement dans des espaces et des pratiques renouvelés, dont le sport.Le statut du transmetteur, le genre de l’héritier, sa place dans la fratrie, la structuration de celle-ci définissentles conditions individualisées de transmission, mais aussi de réception, de ce fond commun familial. Dans unsystème d’échanges généralisés, les matrices de l’expérience, territoriale et scolaire, représentent alors uncontexte global de validation ou d’invalidation des stratégies éducatives parentales et définissent les conditionsde leur inflexion ou réorientation progressive. L’ensemble de ces transmissions et variables conduisent à desunivers des possibles sportifs fragmentés chez les descendantes de l’immigration maghrébine.Les implications de cet engagement en termes d’émancipation « en tant que descendantes del’immigration maghrébine dans un quartier populaire » ont alors été appréhendées du point de vue de leursexpériences, donc de ce qu’elles font et de ce qu’elles sont quand elles disent qu’elles sont émancipées. Lesbricolages situés ambivalents mis en place traduisent leur identification optionnelle fonction de la désignationincluse dans l’interaction, le moment et l’espace. Ils leur permettent de concilier leurs aspirations et référencescontradictoires, ainsi que les contraintes qui en découlent, et de re-prendre place simultanément dans lafiliation et la société au travers de processus pluriels d’autonomisation, d’individualisation, de distinction oud’autodétermination destinés à refuser les assignations. / The aim of our study was to identify the forms that individual emancipation takes for the women froma disadvantaged neighborhood in a French city who are involved in sports and are the descendants of NorthAfrican immigrants.We are well aware that a study of female emancipation within the context of Arab-Muslimimmigration could run the risk of being ethnocentrically biased. To avoid this, our first task involved adeconstruction of the dominant social categories, followed by a reconstruction of scientifically-based socialcategories in order to break out of both the current collective gender, cultural and social exclusion of thefemale descendants of North African immigrants and of the impasse presented by the dictate of "loyalty orrupture" which exists in the Arab-Muslim anthropological system. Our comprehensive study of thecommitments, which are few in number and innovative, of the female descendants who participate in arecreational sport that involves the body and which is usually reserved for males, provides the drivers andconditions of an individualization that is not simply rebellion against an inherited tradition.In order to research the conditions under which the women experienced recreational sports and thepractical implications that this commitment had on their repositioning in social relationships, we usedgrounded theory methodology. We used patronymic tracking in a quantitative survey to obtain the percentageof female descendants participating in recreational sport offered in a neighborhood of Besançon, France, andthen we carried out 54 qualitative interviews. The research material was collected over a 6-month period ofon-site observation of recreational sports activities.We found that family processes of memory and cultural transmissions (gender and religiousreferences) are drivers of a generational dynamic: sources of changes negotiated between the generation ofimmigrants and that of the descendants. Based on pre-and post-immigration experiences, these processesdetermine the definition of female and male status, which stimulates in different ways family and socialpositions, as well as a new type of involvement with space and the new practices that accompany participationin sport. The status of the transmitter, the gender of the inheritor, her place among siblings, and thestructuration of her place define not only the individualized conditions of transmission, but also the conditionsof their reception into the common family background. In a generalized system of exchange, the matrices ofexperience (neighborhood and school environs) are representative of the over-all context of validation orinvalidation of parental educational strategies and define the conditions either for their acceptance or for theirgradual reorientation. All these types of transmissions and variables produce sport experiences that are variedand different for female descendants of North African immigrants. .The implications of this commitment to emancipation by the female descendants of North Africanimmigrants in a disadvantaged neighborhood are demonstrated in our study in terms of their experiences, i.e.,in what they do and what they are when they say they are emancipated. The resulting assemblage of varyingopposing and similar elements reflects their optional identification based on interactions, a particular time, andspace. It enables these women to reconcile their conflicting aspirations and references, and the resultingconstraints, and at the same time to take a new place in filiation and society via the multi-leveled process ofself-determination, individualization, distinguishing themselves from other women, and self-empowerment.

Chez les coiffeurs, l’injonction à satisfaire le client, lui apporter un moment de détente et de bien-être semble participer de leur rhétorique professionnelle. Cette insistance vis-à-vis du souci de la clientèle révèle par là même le poids de la relation de service dans l’activité de travail des coiffeurs. Dès lors, celle-ci est souvent décrite positivement. Pourtant, elle n’est pas sans poser problème et peut être l’objet de tensions. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée par observations participantes et par entretiens dans plusieurs salons de coiffure et dans deux établissements de formation au métier de coiffeur, cette thèse s’intéresse au rapport au travail des coiffeurs et plus spécifiquement à la relation qui lie ces derniers aux clients et à l’ambivalence qui en découle. En réalité, pour mener à bien cette relation, la profession construit un ensemble de dispositions spécifiques (savoir-être, travail émotionnel et relationnel) en direction des clients et auxquelles sont socialisés les apprentis au cours de leur formation en école et au salon de coiffeur. Toutefois, tout n’est pas créé dans la relation de service, certaines compétences s’appuyant sur des dispositions sociales de genre et de classe. Avoir ces dispositions est central pour permettre le bon déroulement de cette relation et ainsi pouvoir faire carrière dans la profession. / Among Hairdressers, the injunction to satisfy the client, to bring him a moment of relaxation and well-being seems to participate in their professional rhetoric. This insistence on customer care reveals the weight of the service relationship in the work activity of hairdressers. Consequently, it is often described positively. However, it is not without problems and can be the subject of tensions. Based on an ethnographic survey carried out by participant observations and interviews in several hairdressing salons and two hairdressing training establishments, this thesis focuses on the relationship of hairdressers to work and more specifically to the relationship between hairdressers and clients and the resulting ambivalence. In fact, in order to carry out this relationship, the profession builds a set of specific provisions (skills, emotional and relational work) directed at the clients and to which the apprentices are socialized during their school and hairdresser training. However, not all is created in the service relationship, some skills relying on social provisions of gender and class. Having these provisions is central to the good progress of this relationship and thus being able to make a career in the profession.

Mental Violence in present study is similar to a western concept, bullying. But is has its characteristics, forms and causes in Chinese workplace. It is a form of indirect interpersonal aggression and identified through the perceptions of its receivers. It does not involving touching receivers physically but is psychologically damaging. It exists between individuals of equal status, such as colleagues. Moreover, it is a two-way phenomenon, which could be reversible. Mental Violence may be the result of a conflict of values. It is particularly evident among the Chinese New Educated Youth. Chinese New Educated Youth is that cohort of young people who were partly Confucian and Collectivistic for emphasizing harmony but also partly Individualistic and Westernized for pursuing personal goals. For this cohort, the above two orientations were incompatible and dissonant leading to stress. Furthermore, they had a competitive lifestyle which was no longer supported by the welfare of a planned economy this exacerbates their stress. To relieve stress, Mental Violence was employed in their daily contacts, e.g. in workplaces. The evidence in support of this account was discussed and evaluated. There is no excuse for any violence. However, we have to say sometimes a kind of violence is not always too noxious for someone, such as the sender of violence. To some limited extent, violence could be considered as positive and it at least helped people to relieve stress and recover a balance from unbalanced situation. Mental Violence is such violence. It is a result of negotiation and a side effect of stress as well. Nevertheless, most of things are double-edged swords. Mental Violence is no exception. For the sender, it might be a buffer and makes him or her relaxed; for the receiver, it is absolutely negative, discomfort and even aggressive. For helping readers to clearly understand such violence, and for advising others to raise their awareness of the violence, this study would explore its causes and characteristics. From ancient traditional society to the present modern one, Confucianism and Collectivism afterwards represent a kind of gentle culture which deeply influences traditional Chinese. Chinese traditional philosophy, such as Confucianism and Taoism, stresses the significance of the harmony relationship for the growing, maturing and success of the Chinese. Chinese New Educated Youth who were disciplined for such a culture in thoughts and behaviours while growing up. Therefore, to keep harmony and to avoid conflict becomes a key characteristic for Chinese interactions in a collective society. However, the opening policy to the West world exposed China to the influence of Individualism which is absolutely unlike Confucian or Collectivism. Confucianism s influence has been challenged by Westernized values because of globalization. The difference between two values made Chinese New Educated Youth confused in their thoughts and appropriate behaviours in interpersonal relationships. To recover a balance, they need to relieve such a stress from the confusion and other stressors as well. While using the two value systems in interaction with others, Mental Violence usually happened. Therefore, the conflict of two different values in dealing with social relationship became one cause for Mental Violence. In present research, I tried to reveal Mental Violence, a particular kind of daily conflict in interactions among modern Chinese. For pursuing why Chinese New Educated Youth was special and experienced Mental Violence often, they were compared with other generations in China. Therefore, this research invited participants from three generations (Chinese New Educated Youth, the older generation who were born before 1970s, and the younger generation who were born in 1980s) and from different cities in China. Participants occupations covered different professions, and all of them worked in three sizes of offices (small, big and single). Both of qualitative and quantitative data collecting methods were used in the study. They contained semi-structural interviewing and filling up the questionnaire. And main methods of data analysis are factor analysis, correlation and Thematic Analysis. The result indicated that Mental Violence of Chinese educated youth occurred in workplace was the most often, but was largely unseen by people outside of the group. Because I had to establish why this cohort would be inclined to apply more Mental Violence in daily life, I compared them with their previous generation and the later generation through measuring demographics, westernised, individualism and collectivism. Three generations are different in the Individualism-Collectivism tendency. Chinese New Educated Youth were always in the middle. They were seemed as partly Collectivistic and partly Individualistic. Linked with categories of Mental Violence Chinese New Educated Youth usually experienced, it seems they applied double standards to deal with social interactions. Due to such standards made them failed in establishing good relationships with colleagues, in other words, whatever Chinese New Educated Youth or their colleagues did not feel happy in their social interactions, it means Chinese New Educated Youth have conflict in Individualism-Collectivism tendency. Otherwise, through the investigation, I noticed significant demographical difference other than the generation in experiencing Mental Violence. Male participants reported experiencing Mental Violence more than female ones. The higher education the participant got, the more he or she experienced Mental Violence. Comparing with other occupations, intellectual respondents reported sending Mental Violence the most. Participants who worked as staffs experienced Mental Violence more than people who worked as administrators in the workplace. And people who were singles experienced Mental Violence the most in workplace. Because conflict of relationship seems a sensitive topic for Chinese, I started interviews from talking about overviews of participants workplaces with them. Therefore, the result also shows characteristics of structure and social relationship of Chinese modern offices. China had lot of small size offices in which 2 to 10 staffs worked. Small offices organised small relative closed groups. In such a group, staffs had long time for face to face interaction everyday. Such offices were much more than single offices where only one person worked in and big offices where more than ten persons in. Both of the above characteristics of workplace are not beneficial for physical aggressions as previous study proved but could considered as a structural factor for Mental Violence. Actually, the Mental Violence which reported occurring in small offices is the most often, especially among Chinese New Educated Youth. Hope this research could be a model for further more thorough relevant study. All of the above would be a step towards further study on Mental Violence and Chinese New Educated Youth.

Modern approach to process of workplace learning is called The workplace learning concept. It is defined as an interaction between person and his/her workplace. This approach redefines conservative classification of profession education and brings new insight on the process of permanent learning inside company in defined workplace boundaries. Primary objective of this diploma thesis is to verify dependencies between informal employee's relationships on a workplace and process of their learning. Informal relationships analysis is done via sociometric questionnaire and qualitative interviews with chosen employees who represents each hierarchy levels inside organization. Empiric evaluation was executed in three different industrial oriented Moravian companies in three administrative regions of Czech Republic: South Moravian Region, Zlin Region and Moravian−Silesian Region.

La clinique du travail révèle, chez le chercheur, une souffrance — liée aux rivalités, aux rapports de domination, à l’engagement subjectif nécessaire à l’exercice de l’intelligence pratique — et le déni de cette dimension subjective. Le rapport entre conformité et originalité est problématisé via le travail d’objectivation et la thèse d’une subjectivité conformée par ce travail d’objectivation. La pratique scientifique est approchée par les modèles proposés par la sociologie des sciences, eux-mêmes discutés à partir d’une étude de cas fondée sur une intervention en psychodynamique du travail dans une institution de recherche. A partir d’une double discussion, avec la sociologie des sciences et avec la psychodynamique du travail, il apparaît que les pratiques stratégiques occupent une grande part de l’activité scientifique. Elles exposent les chercheurs à une souffrance, qui les conduit à adopter des stratégies de défense objectivistes. Les incidences des dispositifs d’évaluation sur l’évolution du métier de la recherche, les modes de reconnaissance et les modalités de la créativité sont analysées en tenant compte de la question de la santé. Nous regardons pour cela le chercheur en tant que collectif, dans un collectif et dans son organisation de travail. / The clinical investigation of work concerning the activities of researchers reveals suffering linked to the rivalries, to the relationships of domination, to the subjective commitment necessary for the use of the practical intelligence; and the negation of this subjective one. The relation between conformity and originality is addressed by the work of objectification and the thesis of a subjectivity conformed by this work. The scientific practice is approached by the models of the sociology of sciences, themselves discussed from a study case based on an investigation by the method of psychodynamic of work in a scientific institution. From a double discussion, with the sociology of science and the psychodynamic of work, the strategic activity seems to be a large part of the researchers’ one. They are exposed to a suffering that leads them to adopt some objectivistic defenses. The incidences of the evaluation methods on the evolution of researcher’s activity, on the modalities of recognition and on the creativity are analyzed by considering the issue of the health. So we consider the researcher as a collective entity, in a collective unit and with his organization of work.

Submitted by Caroline Periotto (carol@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T17:44:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMEN.pdf: 1611171 bytes, checksum: 02c37149fd3cc28efcc3e7ef94b517ff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-13T14:33:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMEN.pdf: 1611171 bytes, checksum: 02c37149fd3cc28efcc3e7ef94b517ff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-13T14:33:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMEN.pdf: 1611171 bytes, checksum: 02c37149fd3cc28efcc3e7ef94b517ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T14:33:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMEN.pdf: 1611171 bytes, checksum: 02c37149fd3cc28efcc3e7ef94b517ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Before the great influence that the playfu has in the childhood by providing children to create, to experience new situations, to connect with their peers and to experience elements of culture, it was taken as na ally in education, especially in Young children education as part of many school practices. Thus, this work aimed to know and understand the processes of teaching and learning that occur in the relationships between children and between them and the teacher in the context of play in early childhood education. It also sought to identify how the toy is placed by the children at that time of the play and what roles are as signed by them to that object. We began conducting a literature search in databases and to support us about it, we conducted a theoretical research around topics such as childhood, children, early childhood education in Brazil and playfulness. Qualitative, the research took place with a group of 14 children, having a mean age of 3 years, enrolled in ‘Maternal II’ and their teacher at a public school in kindergarten in the city of Pederneiras - SP. With the approach of conducting research with children, the researcher conducted participant observation, tracking the moment of play that occurred on Fridays, the day the children took his toys to school. Recording the data collection field diaries used and performed the analysis with reference to the content analysis. At the end of the Field research 13 daily were written, one for each insert performed. The authors Who guided the data discussion were: Brougère, Borba, Corsaro, Freire, Rossetti-Ferreira, Sommerhalder; Alves, Carvalho, Kishimoto, Guimarães; Barbosa, Horn, Leontiev and others. The results show that in play children experienced processes of teaching and learning to strengthen the group interaction: knowing how to live and play with each other, lending, trading, deny the request to someone, teach new ways to play, meet other spaces, strengthen friendly relations. When interacting with the toys, children have shown that these objects were essential to their play, being used the way they are or processed according to the imagination or need for the play could occur. When they experience such processes of teaching and learning these children have shown that in the free play, they lived training experiences for life. / Diante da grande influência que o lúdico tem na infância por proporcionar que as crianças criem, experienciem novas situações, se relacionem com seus pares e experienciem elementos da cultura, ele foi tomado como aliado na educação, principalmente na educação das crianças pequenas, fazendo parte de muitas práticas escolares. Sendo assim, esta dissertação buscou conhecer e compreender os processos de ensinar e de aprender que ocorrem nas relações entre as crianças e entre elas e a professora em contexto de brincadeiras, na educação infantil. Buscou, ainda, identificar o modo como o brinquedo é colocado pelas crianças nesse momento da brincadeira e quais funções são atribuídas por elas a esse objeto. Iniciamos realizando um levantamento bibliográfico em bases de buscas e para nos fundamentar sobre o assunto, realizamos uma pesquisa de referencial teórico em torno de temas como infâncias, crianças, educação infantil no Brasil e ludicidade. De caráter qualitativo, a pesquisa ocorreu com um grupo de 14 crianças com idade média de 3 anos matriculadas no Maternal II1 e a respectiva professora de uma escola municipal de educação infantil da cidade de Pederneiras – SP. Com a postura de realizar pesquisa com crianças, a pesquisadora procedeu observação participante, acompanhando o momento da brincadeira que ocorreu às sextas-feiras, dia em que as crianças levaram seus brinquedos para a escola. Para registro da coleta dos dados utilizou diários de campo e realizou-se a análise tomando como referência a análise de conteúdo. Ao término da pesquisa de campo foram escritos 13 diários, um para cada inserção realizada. Os autores e autoras que nortearam a discussão dos dados foram: Brougère, Borba, Corsaro, Freire, Rosseti-Ferreira, Sommerhalder; Alves, Carvalho, Kishimoto, Guimarães; Barbosa, Horn, Leontiev, entre outros. Os resultados revelam que nas brincadeiras as crianças vivenciaram processos de ensinar e de aprender para o fortalecimento do convívio em grupo: saber conviver e brincar com o outro, emprestar, negociar, negar o pedido a alguém, ensinar novas maneiras de brincar, conhecer outros espaços, estreitar relações de amizade. Ao interagirem com os brinquedos as crianças demonstraram que estes objetos foram essenciais para suas brincadeiras, sendo utilizados da maneira como são ou transformados de acordo com a imaginação ou necessidade para que a brincadeira pudesse ocorrer. Ao vivenciarem tais processos de ensinar e de aprender essas crianças demonstraram que no brincar livre viveram experiências de formação para a vida.

In the theoretical part of my dissertation, I am focusing on the fundamentals of the classroom climate, the social relationships in the classroom, and the pupil's self- assessment within the context of the classroom. The practical part includes research as a comparison of the classroom climate and the relations between the pupils and the teachers in a particular fourth and fifth grade at the primary school when transferring to the upper primary school.