The problem of this study is an attempt to construct a dependable instrument of measurement in the field of social sensitivity. An endeavor will be made to make this instrument sensitive enough to give some degree of precision and reliability to its results. Other attempted methods of measurement applied to this quantity have given results only in scattered generalities.

No description available.

Jämställdhet är ett omdiskuterat och aktuellt ämne som påverkar flera verksamheters utfall. Den svenska revisionsbranschen genomgår en successiv förändring och flera kvinnliga revisorer börjar klättra i organisationshierarkin vilket minskar den manliga dominansen. Idag rekryteras nästintill lika många kvinnliga som manliga revisorer och könsfördelningen bland revisionsassistenter är jämn. Ledningspositionerna i organisationshierarkin är däremot mansdominerade vilket har skapat en vertikal könssegregering i revisionsbranschen. Syftet med studien är att förklara vilka aspekter som påverkar kvinnors och mäns karriärmöjligheter i den svenska revisionsbransch utifrån social role theory. Följande frågeställningar har därmed framställts:  i Vad påverkar könsfördelningen på de högre uppsatta positionerna?  ii Hur upplever kvinnliga och manliga revisorer sina förutsättningar för karriärutveckling?  Den teoretiska referensramen presenterar revisionsbranschens organisationsstruktur och vilka faktorer som påverkar revisorernas karriärmöjligheter. Studien utgår ifrån SRT för att förstå kvinnor och mäns olika könsroller i samhället. Studien undersöktes genom en kvalitativ ansats i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. 14 respondenter intervjuades, sju kvinnliga och sju manliga revisorer för att erhålla en bredare förståelse utifrån båda könsperspektiven.  Studiens slutsats förklarar att det fortfarande förekommer negativa normer och beteenden i revisionsbranschen dock inte i samma utsträckning som förr. Förutsättningarna för att lyckas karriärmässigt är densamma för revisorerna, oavsett kön. Däremot är män och kvinnors livsprioriteringar olika vilket förklarar den vertikala könssegregeringen i revisionsbranschen. Kvinnor tenderar att prioritera familjeansvaret i större omfattning vilket resulterar i att män kan avancera mer effektivt på arbetsplatsen. / Gender equality is a discussed and topical topic that affects the outcome of several businesses. The Swedish auditing industry is undergoing a gradual change and several female auditors are starting to climb the organizational hierarchy, which reduces male dominance. Today, almost as many female as male auditors are recruited and the gender distribution among audit assistants is even. The management positions in the organizational hierarchy, on the other hand, are male dominated, which has generated a vertical gender segregation in the auditing industry. The purpose of the study is to explain which aspects affect women’s and men’s career opportunities in the Swedish auditing industry based on social role theory. The following research questions has been formulated:  i What affects the gender distribution in the higher positions?  ii How do female and male auditors experience their opportunities for career development?  The theoretical reference framework presents the organizational structure of the auditing industry as well as the factors that influence auditors’ career opportunities. The study is based on social role theory and serves as a foundational explanation for women’s and men’s various gender roles. This was investigated through a qualitative approach in the form of semi-structured interviews. 14 respondents, seven female and seven male auditors have been interviewed to obtain a broader understanding from both gender perspectives.  The study’s conclusion indicates that negative norms and behaviors still exist in the auditing industry, however, the norms have changed and no longer have the same effect on auditors’ career opportunities as before. The conditions for the auditors to develop career-wise are the same regardless of gender. On the other hand, men’s and women’s life priorities are different, which explains the vertical gender segregation in the auditing industry. Women tend to prioritize family responsibilities to a greater extent, which results in men being able to advance more efficiently in the industry.

Vytautas Kavolis yra aktualizavęs tezę, kad požiūrio į moterį analizė yra svarbi ne tik socialinėms gyvenimo konkretybėms atskleisti, bet ir bendrosioms sociokultūrinėms bei sociopolitinėms laikotarpio tendencijoms išgryninti. Lietuvos istoriografijoje, nagrinėjančioje modernios visuomenės Lietuvoje formavimąsi XIX a. viduryje–XX a. pradžioje, itin daug dėmesio skiriama įvairių socialinių grupių sąmoningumo, aktyvumo visuomenėje žadinimui aptarti. Tačiau moters sąmoningumo konstravimas, jos socialinio vaidmens samprata šio laikotarpio viešajame diskurse Lietuvoje iki šiol išsamiau netyrinėti. Disertacijos tikslas – išanalizuoti moters socialinio vaidmens konstravimą viešajame diskurse XIX a. vidurio–XX a. pradžios Lietuvoje. Keliami uždaviniai išsiaiškinti: nuo kada viešajame diskurse XIX a. vidurio–XX a. pradžios Lietuvoje moteris pradedama vertinti kaip svarbi visuomenės procesų dalyvė; kokį moters socialinį vaidmenį XIX a. vidurio–XX a. pradžios Lietuvoje konstruoja skirtingų diskursų dalyviai; ar moters socialinio vaidmens konstravimui įtakos turi aptariamojo laikotarpio visuomenės sąranga ir jos pokyčiai; kiek ir kaip moters socialinio vaidmens konstravimą veikia pozityvizmo, nacionalizmo, liberalizmo, socializmo, krikščioniškosios demokratijos idėjų sklaida Lietuvoje. Tyrimas pradedamas XIX a. vidurio laikotarpiu, 5-uoju dešimtmečiu. Tuomet pirmą kartą modernėjančios Lietuvos istorijoje moteris tampa svarbiu ir populiariu viešųjų svarstymų objektu. Tyrimas baigiamas XX... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Vytautas Kavolis noticed that an analysis of the attitude towards women is important not only to reveal specific aspects of social life but also to distil out the general sociocultural and sociopolitical tendencies of a period. Lithuanian historiography that examines the formation of the modern society in the mid-19th – early 20th-century Lithuania is especially focused on the discussion of the awakening of consciousness and activity of the various social groups. But the construction of the consciousness of women and the conception of their social role in public discourse has hitherto not been investigated. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the construction of the social role of women in public discourse in mid-19th – early 20th-century Lithuania. The main objectives are to ascertain: from when did women begin to be seen as an important participant in the social processes in the public discourse in Lithuania; what social role was constructed for Lithuanian women by the participants in the different discourses; whether the construction of the social role of women was affected by the structure of the contemporary society and the changes to this structure; how much and how the construction of the social role of women was affected by the spread in Lithuania of the ideas of positivism, nationalism, liberalism, socialism, and Christian democracy. The investigation begins in the mid-19th century, the 1840s. At that time women became an important and popular subject of... [to full text]

The basic purpose of this study was to present an in-depth investigation of secondary school student teacher role expectations from a variety of perspectives.

Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS) / Fathers have a valuable, nurturing role to play in the lives of their children. Although a father’s availability and time with his child is important, the quality of a father’s involvement with his child is however, the strong predictor of child well-being. Therefore, Fatherhood intervention programmes desire to address fundamental issues that prevent men from succeeding in their fathering role. An understanding and evidence of the influence of fatherhood interventions on the role of the father in the family, is thus required. The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions, experiences and challenges of families after the father’s exposure to a fatherhood intervention programme. A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was utilized. Thematic analysis had been used to analyse the data and five themes emerged from the study. They were constructions of fatherhood, experiences and perceptions of the fatherhood intervention programme, father’s experiences of the father-child relationship after exposure to the programme, spouse/partner perceptions and experiences of their relationships with their spouse after exposure to the programme, and the facilitator’s experiences of engaging fathers. The overall outcomes were that families perceived and experienced the fathers to be more involved, responsible and sharing in parenthood after exposure to the fatherhood intervention programme. This led to an increase of father involvement with children - childcare activities, schoolwork and well-being of the children; their spouse/partner - an improvement in the quality of the relationship between the fathers and their spouses/partners and an increase involvement in the home.

This dissertation defends a Hegelian model of our relationship to social roles. This model functions both as a new interpretation of Hegel’s own view, and as a contribution to the contemporary debate about role obligations. On this model, it is constitutive of our agency, and therefore obligatory, to carry out our social roles. Yet, ‘carrying out’ our roles also necessarily involves that we persistently develop our roles, and the social order of which they are part, towards realizing the human good. In that process, we are required to lead society through a process of social evolution, whose basic structure mirrors the development of natural life at a higher, self-conscious level. From the standpoint of Hegel scholarship, the main upshot of my interpretation is that Hegel’s vision of social participation does not only leave room for social critique, as commentators have recently argued, but rather centrally requires such critique. In fact, I argue that Hegel has – what I will call – a Neo-Aristotelian model of social critique (centered around the idea of ‘living unity’) that is an essential component of his account of how we should relate to social roles, but that has been hitherto overlooked. From the standpoint of the contemporary debate on role obligations, the main upshot of my interpretation is that Hegel offers an account that neither limits the normativity of social roles to those roles we have actually accepted, nor to the roles that are reflectively acceptable. Instead, Hegel develops an account on which even reflectively unacceptable roles give us obligations – namely obligations to evolve them, through a process of social experimentation, into something better. It is this view – and the central function that it attributes to social evolution as part of our role obligations – that make Hegel an interesting, but often overlooked, contributor to the debate about role obligations today.

Background: Social Role Valorisation (SRV) is a social science meta-theory about social devaluation. its innovative technologies are designed to promote valorisation (norinalisation). SRV had a major impact on learning disability services in the 1980's but has had limited exposure in mental health. Its effect on policy is evident however. SRV has developed reliable, valid ecological assessments of normalisation in service enviromnents. Life-style Planning operationalises normalisation goals for individuals. Its reliability and validity are unknown. Life-style Planning has two goal domains designed to ensure universal basic needs are met and address unique individual needs arising from primary disabilities. SRV also identifies revalorisation needs, to compensate for prior devaluation. In a previous study an instrument designed to assess universal basic and unique individual needs was standardised on a representative population of people with severe and enduring mental illness. Aims: To validate the goal domains of the assessment instrument and develop an understanding of the user perspective on SRV and revalorisation. Design and participants: Factor analysis was used to explore the underlying structure of the assessment instrument. In a second, qualitative study, "expert" mental health user/survivors were interviewed and their transcripts analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: The instrument's factor structure matched its design intentions and supported the validity of its goal domains. The qualitative results compared favourably with similar studies from the user, empowerment and recovery literatures. Participants painted a graphic picture of devaluation and revalorisation and illuminated what is required to promote "psychological revalorisation"'. This took the form of a return from a false identification of themselves, based on the internalisation of ignorance and social prejudice stemming from societal fear and blame, to a new identification with a class of proud and empowered mentally ill people. Implications. The discussion considers revalorising adaptations to psychological therapies for people with significant devaluation histories.

No description available.

Vytautas Kavolis noticed that an analysis of the attitude towards women is important not only to reveal specific aspects of social life but also to distil out the general sociocultural and sociopolitical tendencies of a period. Lithuanian historiography that examines the formation of the modern society in the mid-19th – early 20th-century Lithuania is especially focused on the discussion of the awakening of consciousness and activity of the various social groups. But the construction of the consciousness of women and the conception of their social role in public discourse has hitherto not been investigated. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the construction of the social role of women in public discourse in mid-19th – early 20th-century Lithuania. The main objectives are to ascertain: from when did women begin to be seen as an important participant in the social processes in the public discourse in Lithuania; what social role was constructed for Lithuanian women by the participants in the different discourses; whether the construction of the social role of women was affected by the structure of the contemporary society and the changes to this structure; how much and how the construction of the social role of women was affected by the spread in Lithuania of the ideas of positivism, nationalism, liberalism, socialism, and Christian democracy. The investigation begins in the mid-19th century, the 1840s. At that time women became an important and popular subject of... [to full text] / Vytautas Kavolis yra aktualizavęs tezę, kad požiūrio į moterį analizė yra svarbi ne tik socialinėms gyvenimo konkretybėms atskleisti, bet ir bendrosioms sociokultūrinėms bei sociopolitinėms laikotarpio tendencijoms išgryninti. Lietuvos istoriografijoje, nagrinėjančioje modernios visuomenės Lietuvoje formavimąsi XIX a. viduryje–XX a. pradžioje, itin daug dėmesio skiriama įvairių socialinių grupių sąmoningumo, aktyvumo visuomenėje žadinimui aptarti. Tačiau moters sąmoningumo konstravimas, jos socialinio vaidmens samprata šio laikotarpio viešajame diskurse Lietuvoje iki šiol išsamiau netyrinėti. Disertacijos tikslas – išanalizuoti moters socialinio vaidmens konstravimą viešajame diskurse XIX a. vidurio–XX a. pradžios Lietuvoje. Keliami uždaviniai išsiaiškinti: nuo kada viešajame diskurse XIX a. vidurio–XX a. pradžios Lietuvoje moteris pradedama vertinti kaip svarbi visuomenės procesų dalyvė; kokį moters socialinį vaidmenį XIX a. vidurio–XX a. pradžios Lietuvoje konstruoja skirtingų diskursų dalyviai; ar moters socialinio vaidmens konstravimui įtakos turi aptariamojo laikotarpio visuomenės sąranga ir jos pokyčiai; kiek ir kaip moters socialinio vaidmens konstravimą veikia pozityvizmo, nacionalizmo, liberalizmo, socializmo, krikščioniškosios demokratijos idėjų sklaida Lietuvoje. Tyrimas pradedamas XIX a. vidurio laikotarpiu, 5-uoju dešimtmečiu. Tuomet pirmą kartą modernėjančios Lietuvos istorijoje moteris tampa svarbiu ir populiariu viešųjų svarstymų objektu. Tyrimas baigiamas XX... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]