<p>The Amazonia is the biggest rainforest in the world, home also to probably the largest amount of different bio diversity species in our planet. Notwithstanding these incredible attributes, it is also one of the most threatened regions earth that extends to the whole planet. This thesis analyzes just a small segment of the interrelation of different human actors reacting to environmental problems. Theoretical frame works of different nature are used in this thesis in an effort to combine with synergy the strengths and potential benefits of political ecology, the stakeholder model, local institutionalisms, and the political and economical role of persons just to mention the most significant. This combination of these different scientific and empirical disciplines offers us a chance to apply the full potential for the analysis of the environmental problems related to human actions in the regional settings with the capability of gaining in depth knowledge that can be applied later in the design and implementation of potential alternatives seeking s the welfare of all human and biological stakeholders as our knowledge allows us currently. The thesis is structured on three study cases that cover a vast area of the Amazonia: the first case is located in Bolivia where we analyze the situation of Santa Maria de Maravilla, regarding the problems of land property and land use; the second case is located in Brazil in the Santarém region, where an important intensive production of soybean is affecting the environment as well as confronting the local communities; the third case is located in Ecuador analyzing the situation of the Block 15 region; an area deeply affected by the petroleum companies and the generic concepts of investment in extractive industries as a tool for regional and national development.</p><p>Local actors are of the highest importance despite the different nature of the case studies, in order find commonalities which might allow us to make hypothetical counteracting models to decrease the devastating of environmental degradation in the Amazonia; some of the external actors (like the NGOs) can play an influential role in order to improve the collaboration and trust with local members.</p>

The Amazonia is the biggest rainforest in the world, home also to probably the largest amount of different bio diversity species in our planet. Notwithstanding these incredible attributes, it is also one of the most threatened regions earth that extends to the whole planet. This thesis analyzes just a small segment of the interrelation of different human actors reacting to environmental problems. Theoretical frame works of different nature are used in this thesis in an effort to combine with synergy the strengths and potential benefits of political ecology, the stakeholder model, local institutionalisms, and the political and economical role of persons just to mention the most significant. This combination of these different scientific and empirical disciplines offers us a chance to apply the full potential for the analysis of the environmental problems related to human actions in the regional settings with the capability of gaining in depth knowledge that can be applied later in the design and implementation of potential alternatives seeking s the welfare of all human and biological stakeholders as our knowledge allows us currently. The thesis is structured on three study cases that cover a vast area of the Amazonia: the first case is located in Bolivia where we analyze the situation of Santa Maria de Maravilla, regarding the problems of land property and land use; the second case is located in Brazil in the Santarém region, where an important intensive production of soybean is affecting the environment as well as confronting the local communities; the third case is located in Ecuador analyzing the situation of the Block 15 region; an area deeply affected by the petroleum companies and the generic concepts of investment in extractive industries as a tool for regional and national development. Local actors are of the highest importance despite the different nature of the case studies, in order find commonalities which might allow us to make hypothetical counteracting models to decrease the devastating of environmental degradation in the Amazonia; some of the external actors (like the NGOs) can play an influential role in order to improve the collaboration and trust with local members.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-03-08T12:40:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3569810 bytes, checksum: 2da2356e5a4b8f588445fd926674e36a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-08T12:40:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3569810 bytes, checksum: 2da2356e5a4b8f588445fd926674e36a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Based on the environmental problems caused by solid waste, this study aims to: 1) diagnosing the stage of solid waste and environmental impacts of the municipality Salgado of São Felix; 2) to study the environmental perception of the faculty and students of the solid waste Municipal School Eunice Barbosa; and 3) through workshops and lectures work to raise awareness of the faculty. The research has a qualitative and quantitative approach. The method used was participatory research. Techniques for data acquisition were: questionnaires, interviews, observation and photographic records. Through the diagnosis it was observed that the Salgado of São Felix do not have any solid waste management. There is no selective collection, and waste disposal is to the dump. This kind of disposal has caused many environmental problems in the municipality, such as pollution, macro proliferation and microvetores and contempt for recyclable material collectors. These work in subhuman conditions, getting prone to various diseases. They do not make use of personal protective equipment. Gravimetric analysis of the residue showed that most of the waste is organic matter (45.65%). The perception study was conducted with students from 6 to 9 years and with the faculty. Through the questionnaire, it was observed that many educators have a general vision of the concept of environmental education; in practice, the school does not develop environmental education work; 60% of educators related solid waste with something that sucks more, highlighting the lack of knowledge about the potential of waste; only 30% of educators have identified solid waste to cause some kind of pollution. As regards the perception of the student body, 90% related to the term waste bad. 52% considered everything they throw away as garbage; 77% of students know that the fate of the waste produced in the city's garbage dump. Students never attended any workshop and can not distinguish the terms recycling and reuse. The awareness of the students was done through lectures, videos, drawings and workshops. For this students were divided into three groups. For each group have been developed nine activities (theoretical and practical) all focused on the concepts and the importance of solid waste. Before encontroados results, measures are needed aimed at promoting: a decrease in RS production; improving work quality of waste pickers through physical structures (a suitable environment and personal protective equipment materials) and organizational (association / cooperative); and management alternatives of organic waste; increase and recovery of recyclable materials; It is also very important to train educators on this problem, so they can act as active citizens and processors developing effective actions at school aimed at raising awareness of students, forming more critical citizens on solid waste. Finally, he noted that the use of playful awareness strategies can contribute to the process of teaching and student learning, helping to understand the local environmental problems, and enabling the formation of critical citizens who are aware. / Baseado nos problemas socioambientais ocasionados pelos resíduos sólidos, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivos: 1) diagnosticar o cenário dos resíduos sólidos e impactos socioambientais no município de Salgado de São Felix; 2) estudar a percepção ambiental do corpo docente e discente sobre os resíduos sólidos da Escola Municipal Eunice Barbosa; e 3) através de oficinas e palestras trabalhar a sensibilização do corpo docente. A pesquisa tem uma abordagem quali-quantitativa. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa participante. As técnicas para a aquisição dos dados foram: questionários, entrevistas, observação e registros fotográficos. Através do diagnóstico observou-se que o município de Salgado de São Felix não tem nenhum tipo de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos. Não existe coleta seletiva, e os resíduos tem como disposição final, o lixão. Esse tipo de disposição final tem ocasionado diversos problemas socioambientais no município, tais como: poluição, proliferação de macro e microvetores e o descaso com os catadores de materiais recicláveis. Estes trabalham em condições subumanas, ficando propenso a diversas doenças. Os mesmos não fazem uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual. A análise gravimétrica dos resíduos mostrou que a maior parte dos resíduos é matéria orgânica (45,65%). O estudo de percepção foi realizado com os alunos dos 6 aos 9 anos e com o corpo docente. Através da aplicação do questionário, observou-se que muitos educadores tem uma visão generalista do conceito de educação ambiental; na prática a escola não desenvolve trabalhos de educação ambiental; 60% dos educadores relacionam os resíduos sólidos com algo que não presta mais, evidenciando a falta de conhecimento sobre as potencialidades dos resíduos; apenas 30% dos educadores identificaram os resíduos sólidos como causadores de algum tipo de poluição. No que se refere a percepção do corpo discente, 90% relacionaram o termo lixo com algo ruim. 52% consideraram tudo que eles jogam fora como sendo lixo; 77% dos alunos sabem que o destino dos resíduos produzidos no município é o lixão. Os alunos nunca participaram de nenhum tipo de oficina e não sabem distinguir os termos reciclagem e reutilização. A sensibilização dos alunos foi feita através de palestras, vídeos, desenhos e oficinas. Para isso os alunos foram divididos em três grupos. Para cada grupo foram desenvolvidas nove atividades (teóricas e práticas) todas voltadas para os conceitos e a importância dos resíduos sólidos. Diante dos resultados encontroados, são necessárias medidas que visem promover: a diminuição da produção de RS; a melhoria da qualidade de trabalho dos catadores de materiais recicláveis através de estruturas física (um ambiente apropriado e materiais de equipamentos de proteção individual) e organizacional (associação/cooperativa); e alternativas de gestão dos resíduos orgânicos; aumento e valorização dos materiais recicláveis; também é de suma importância capacitar os educadores sobre essa problemática, para que eles possam intervir como cidadãos ativos e transformadores, desenvolvimento ações efetivas na escola que visem à conscientização dos alunos, formando cidadãos mais críticos sobre os resíduos sólidos. Por fim, observou que a utilização de estratégias lúdicas de sensibilização pode contribuir no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos, auxiliando a compreender os problemas socioambientais locais, e possibilitando a formação de cidadãos críticos e conscientes.

Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação, 2011. / Submitted by Caroline Silva (krol_bilhar@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-24T15:09:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao jos francisco santos de moura (1).pdf: 4343172 bytes, checksum: 3abcd4ead3b14ec6fa84a023dea62589 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-07-31T18:33:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao jos francisco santos de moura (1).pdf: 4343172 bytes, checksum: 3abcd4ead3b14ec6fa84a023dea62589 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-31T18:33:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao jos francisco santos de moura (1).pdf: 4343172 bytes, checksum: 3abcd4ead3b14ec6fa84a023dea62589 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / No desenvolvimento do capitalismo no campo brasileiro a produção agrícola foi mecanizada e “regada” por produtos químicos, principalmente a partir da década de 60 do século XX. A questão social, herdada a partir da desigual distribuição de terras, se agrava na medida em que traz um novo problema. A poluição do ambiente surge como consequência da mecanização, do uso de insumos químicos e do uso intensivo do solo. O paradigma promulgado pela revolução verde mostrou-se insustentável. Na contracorrente deste paradigma surge a chamada agricultura alternativa, que é fruto de diversas correntes filosóficas, sendo algumas mais ou menos antropocêntricas, mas que coloca em evidência a problemática ambiental provocada pela sociedade. O objetivo desta pesquisa é contribuir para a produção de conhecimento teórico e prático na área da produção de alimentos, sendo esta, definida pela ética da produção sem uso de agroquímicos. Almejamos entender como a agroecologia pode contribuir para que os produtores do município do Rio Grande sejam capazes de cultivar a terra e produzir gêneros alimentícios, sem agredir ao meio ambiente. Também indagamos se a agroecologia, dentro da realidade do município, tem contribuído para uma apropriação/distribuição equitativa dos frutos da terra, por parte da coletividade. Do mesmo modo, procuramos compreender os processos, a finalidade e as tendências da produção agroecológica no município. Para isso é importante compreender a organização produtiva, as formas associativas do produtor e suas relações com as políticas públicas. Para contribuir com estas considerações buscamos ainda revisar alguns estudos que enfatizam a produção de base agroecológica como alternativa às técnicas promulgadas na revolução verde. Procuramos ainda, evidenciar algumas iniciativas que visam reduzir a dependência de insumos externos e, por consequência, uma maior independência do produtor perante as oscilações de mercado. No bojo da problemática pretendemos realizar uma discussão que permeie as questões socioambientais, o modo como a sociedade busca alternativas para superar os próprios problemas gerados na produção e reprodução. / In the development of capitalism in the Brazilian countryside, the agricultural production went mechanized and washed through chemicals production, meanly from the 60s of the twentieth century. Social issue inherited from the unequal distribution of land is getting worse, as it brings a new problem. The pollution of the environment emerges as result of mechanization, use of chemical input‟s and the use intensive the soil. The paradigm promulgate for grin revolutions show to by unsustain. On the upstream from this paradigm appears the called alternative agriculture, which is the result of various philosophical thoughts, some of them more or less anthropocentric, but that put in evidence the environmental problems caused by society. The objective of this research is to contribute to the production of theoretical and practical knowledge in the area of food production, beaning this defined by the ethics of production, without using pesticides. We aspired to understand how agroecology could contribute to which the producers from the city of Rio Grande to by aim to cultivate land and produce foodstuffs without harming the environment. We also question whether agroecology, within the reality of the city, has contributed to an equitable ownership/distribution of the fruits of the land in the community. Similarly, we try to understand the processes, purposes and trends of agro-ecological production in the city. For this is essential to understand the productive organization, the form of associations of the producer and its relationships with public politic. For to contribute with these considerations we searching still to review other studies, which emphasize that the production based on agroecology is an alternative to the techniques promulgated in the green revolution. We also intend to highlight some initiatives that aim to reduce the dependence on external inputs and, consequently, increase the independence of the producer in relation to the market fluctuations. At the core of the problem, we intend to make a thread that permeates the social and environmental issues, and the way society tries to find alternatives to overcome its own problems created in the production and reproduction.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-28T14:14:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cinthiamazzonemoreira.pdf: 15100941 bytes, checksum: cc7d94edc938d0660ae17d677fdbc667 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-05-02T01:09:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cinthiamazzonemoreira.pdf: 15100941 bytes, checksum: cc7d94edc938d0660ae17d677fdbc667 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T01:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cinthiamazzonemoreira.pdf: 15100941 bytes, checksum: cc7d94edc938d0660ae17d677fdbc667 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-02 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nas últimas décadas o ambiente tem sido motivo de preocupação mundial mobilizando diversos atores sociais a reflexão e ação sobre a temática. É neste âmbito que surge a Educação Ambiental, que se apresenta como um importante instrumento para o desenvolvimento de uma consciência coletiva que se faz urgente em um contexto de agravamento dos problemas e conflitos ambientais na atualidade. No entanto a recente constituição deste campo educativo e a multiplicidade inerente a ele implicam em um esforço continuo de compreender as diferentes perspectivas e atitudes de homens, mulheres, crianças, educadores, educandos, governo e sociedade civil a esse respeito. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar o discurso de professores e alunos a respeito das inundações locais que ocorrem frequentemente há mais de vinte anos em uma comunidade localizada na zona norte da cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG, onde a escola está inserida. Atrelado a isso construímos um corpus de análise com o intuito de explorar as concepções de ambiente, Educação Ambiental e problemas ambientais locais dos pesquisados de modo a privilegiar uma reflexão mais abrangente sobre o tema. Para realizar as discussões desta investigação, nos baseamos na articulação dos referenciais teóricos e metodológicos da análise do discurso em linha francesa (AD) e da corrente Crítica, Popular ou Emancipatória da Educação Ambiental. A partir destes procuramos estabelecer um olhar atento às contradições, as incompreensões, os silêncios, as limitações e, sobretudo, as identificações e as leituras de cada grupo que se expressam no discurso e se relacionam com as condições de produção desses grupos. Entre as evidências, constatamos que a paráfrase (repetição) se fez frequente, tanto no discurso dos professores quanto no dos alunos num movimento de filiação de sentidos, em que ambos se filiaram predominantemente a aspectos de uma formação discursiva conservadora, apontando assim para a necessidade de uma abertura para a polissemia. Além disso, concluímos que tal discussão coloca em evidência uma série de problemáticas que ultrapassam o aspecto ambiental, o que sinaliza para a importância do enfrentamento da sociedade em prol da valorização do professor e da educação pública de qualidade. / In recent decades the environment has been global concern mobilizing various social actors reflection and action on the issue. It is in this context that arises Environmental Education, which presents itself as an important tool for the development of a collective consciousness that is urgent in a context of worsening environmental problems and conflicts today. However the recent establishment of this educational field and the inherent multiplicity him imply a continuous effort to understand the different perspectives and attitudes of men, women, children, educators, students, government and civil society in this regard. In this sense, the present study aimed to analyze the speech of teachers and students about the local floods that often occur over twenty years in a community located in the north of the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, where the school is inserted. Coupled to it we constructed a corpus of analysis in order to explore the conceptions of environment, environmental education and local environmental issues of respondents in order to favor a more comprehensive reflection on the subject. To conduct discussions of this research, we rely on the articulation of the theoretical and methodological framework of discourse analysis in French Line (AD) and current Critical, or People's Emancipation of Environmental Education. From this premise we seek to establish a close look at the contradictions, misunderstandings, silences, limitations, and above all the IDs and readings from each group to express themselves in speech and relate to the production conditions of these groups. Among the evidence, we find that the paraphrase (repeat) became frequent, both in teachers' discourse as the students in a movement of membership senses, where both have joined predominantly to aspects of a conservative discursive formation, thus pointing to the need an opening for polysemy. Furthermore, we conclude that such a discussion has highlighted a number of issues that go beyond the environmental aspect, which signals the importance of confronting society for the appreciation of teachers and quality public education.

Na cidade de São Paulo a habitação regular e digna para a população de baixa renda é tema complexo. É grande o número de loteamentos irregulares e favelas na cidade. É sabido que morar em condições precárias trazem diversos prejuízos à qualidade de vida e a dignidade das pessoas que habitam nessas condições. Este trabalho busca a reflexão sobre o espaço urbano a partir da comunidade do Jardim Pantanal, considerando necessária a discussão sobre os conflitos por espaço, a ideia de território e de comunidade, movimentos sociais e remoções. Para tal, foi utilizado como caminho metodológico o mapeamento dos atores e interesses identificados no Jardim Pantanal. A ação dos atores apontaram possibilidades de reflexões e diversos esclarecimentos a respeito da própria dinâmica do espaço estudado. É também abordada a situação fundiária do Jardim Pantanal, bem como o processo de luta dos moradores e movimentos sociais e entidades para que a Regularização Fundiária ocorra. A Regularização Fundiária é o procedimento pelo qual se busca tornar lícita a ocupação da terra nos casos em que o acesso àquele bem tenha ocorrido de modo irregular. Os princípios da Regularização Fundiária visam à ampliação do acesso a terra urbanizada pela população de baixa renda, com prioridade para sua permanência na área ocupada, assegurados o nível adequado de habitabilidade e a melhoria das condições de sustentabilidade urbanística, social e ambiental. Para conhecer o Jardim Pantanal é também necessário ter ciência das constantes inundações, enchentes e remoções já ocorridas no bairro e que continuam como possibilidade de acontecer. São apresentados os planos e projetos que visam a intervenção no Jardim Pantanal, tais como: plano de Manejo das Várzeas do rio Tietê, o Parque Várzeas do Tietê e o projeto urbanístico Renova São Paulo. São discutidas as possíveis consequências do processo de implantação de cada projeto. Foi identificado neste trabalho que o Jardim Pantanal apesar de ser conhecido, de modo geral, como um local difícil de viver, perigoso e com altos índices de vulnerabilidade social, possui também diversas potências e fatores positivos que fazem com que os diversos atores, ainda que com interesses diferentes, permaneçam envolvidos na dinâmica deste espaço. Desalento e esperança parecem marcar a história dos moradores e do território do Jardim Pantanal, onde os interesses dos atores envolvidos e as intervenções realizadas mudam, às vezes definitivamente, a trajetória de uma comunidade / In the city of São Paulo the regular and decent housing for low-income population is a complex subject. There are a great number of irregular settlements and slums in the city. As is well known that to live in precarious conditions may bring many losses to the quality of life and to the dignity of those people who have been living in these conditions. This work seeks to make a reflection on the urban space of Jardim Pantanal community, considering the necessary discussion on the conflicts for space, the idea of territory and community, social movements, removals and urban dispossession. For such, it was used as a methodological way the mapping of actors and interests identified in the Jardim Pantanal. The action of the actors pointed out possibilities of reflections and various clarifications regarding on its own dynamics of the studied space. It also addressed the agrarian situation of Jardim Pantanal, as well as the struggle process of the residents and social movements and entities for the Land Regularization works out. The Land Regularization is the procedure by which it seeks to convert lawful occupation of land in cases in which the access of that good has occurred in irregular terms. These principles of Regularization aimed at the increasing access to the urbanized land for the low-income population, priority for their stay in the occupied area, ensuring the adequate level of housing and improvement of urban, social and environmental sustainability. To know the Jardim Pantanal is also necessary to be aware of the constant flooding, floods and removals that have already occurred in the neighborhood and that continue as a possibility to happen. The plans and projects are presented aimed at intervention in the Jardim Pantanal, such as: the Tiete River Floodplains Management Plan, the Tiete Wetlands Park and the urban project Renew São Paulo. The possible consequences of the implementation of each design process have been discussed. It was identified in this work that the Jardim Pantanal, despite being generally known as a difficult place to live, dangerous and with high levels of social vulnerability, also has several potencies and positive factors that make the various actors still that with different interests, remain involved in the dynamics of this space. Discouragement and hope seem to mark the history of the residents and the Jardim Pantanal territory where the interests of stakeholders and interventions change, sometimes permanently, the trajectory of a community

Na cidade de São Paulo a habitação regular e digna para a população de baixa renda é tema complexo. É grande o número de loteamentos irregulares e favelas na cidade. É sabido que morar em condições precárias trazem diversos prejuízos à qualidade de vida e a dignidade das pessoas que habitam nessas condições. Este trabalho busca a reflexão sobre o espaço urbano a partir da comunidade do Jardim Pantanal, considerando necessária a discussão sobre os conflitos por espaço, a ideia de território e de comunidade, movimentos sociais e remoções. Para tal, foi utilizado como caminho metodológico o mapeamento dos atores e interesses identificados no Jardim Pantanal. A ação dos atores apontaram possibilidades de reflexões e diversos esclarecimentos a respeito da própria dinâmica do espaço estudado. É também abordada a situação fundiária do Jardim Pantanal, bem como o processo de luta dos moradores e movimentos sociais e entidades para que a Regularização Fundiária ocorra. A Regularização Fundiária é o procedimento pelo qual se busca tornar lícita a ocupação da terra nos casos em que o acesso àquele bem tenha ocorrido de modo irregular. Os princípios da Regularização Fundiária visam à ampliação do acesso a terra urbanizada pela população de baixa renda, com prioridade para sua permanência na área ocupada, assegurados o nível adequado de habitabilidade e a melhoria das condições de sustentabilidade urbanística, social e ambiental. Para conhecer o Jardim Pantanal é também necessário ter ciência das constantes inundações, enchentes e remoções já ocorridas no bairro e que continuam como possibilidade de acontecer. São apresentados os planos e projetos que visam a intervenção no Jardim Pantanal, tais como: plano de Manejo das Várzeas do rio Tietê, o Parque Várzeas do Tietê e o projeto urbanístico Renova São Paulo. São discutidas as possíveis consequências do processo de implantação de cada projeto. Foi identificado neste trabalho que o Jardim Pantanal apesar de ser conhecido, de modo geral, como um local difícil de viver, perigoso e com altos índices de vulnerabilidade social, possui também diversas potências e fatores positivos que fazem com que os diversos atores, ainda que com interesses diferentes, permaneçam envolvidos na dinâmica deste espaço. Desalento e esperança parecem marcar a história dos moradores e do território do Jardim Pantanal, onde os interesses dos atores envolvidos e as intervenções realizadas mudam, às vezes definitivamente, a trajetória de uma comunidade / In the city of São Paulo the regular and decent housing for low-income population is a complex subject. There are a great number of irregular settlements and slums in the city. As is well known that to live in precarious conditions may bring many losses to the quality of life and to the dignity of those people who have been living in these conditions. This work seeks to make a reflection on the urban space of Jardim Pantanal community, considering the necessary discussion on the conflicts for space, the idea of territory and community, social movements, removals and urban dispossession. For such, it was used as a methodological way the mapping of actors and interests identified in the Jardim Pantanal. The action of the actors pointed out possibilities of reflections and various clarifications regarding on its own dynamics of the studied space. It also addressed the agrarian situation of Jardim Pantanal, as well as the struggle process of the residents and social movements and entities for the Land Regularization works out. The Land Regularization is the procedure by which it seeks to convert lawful occupation of land in cases in which the access of that good has occurred in irregular terms. These principles of Regularization aimed at the increasing access to the urbanized land for the low-income population, priority for their stay in the occupied area, ensuring the adequate level of housing and improvement of urban, social and environmental sustainability. To know the Jardim Pantanal is also necessary to be aware of the constant flooding, floods and removals that have already occurred in the neighborhood and that continue as a possibility to happen. The plans and projects are presented aimed at intervention in the Jardim Pantanal, such as: the Tiete River Floodplains Management Plan, the Tiete Wetlands Park and the urban project Renew São Paulo. The possible consequences of the implementation of each design process have been discussed. It was identified in this work that the Jardim Pantanal, despite being generally known as a difficult place to live, dangerous and with high levels of social vulnerability, also has several potencies and positive factors that make the various actors still that with different interests, remain involved in the dynamics of this space. Discouragement and hope seem to mark the history of the residents and the Jardim Pantanal territory where the interests of stakeholders and interventions change, sometimes permanently, the trajectory of a community

Industrial operations have been attributed to causing social and environmental problems such as: acid rain; greenhouse gas emissions, air, water and soil pollution; plus health problems to neighbourhood communities. With the 3P (people, planet, profit) approach for sustainability as the background, there have been movements to establish the concept of eco-industrial development in existing or new industrial areas from the planning stage onwards. Industrial ecology (IE) is the operation of an industrial ecosystem which is based on the principles of operation of a natural ecosystem. Industrial symbiosis (IS), one of the principal applications of IE, is defined as inter-firm collaboration, where a network of industries collaborates in exchange of products, by-products, information, resources and wastes to reduce their collective environmental footprint to achieve mutual benefits. / Industrial symbiosis is a collaborative process of industries geographically located in an industrial park, which facilitates and enables an exchange of products, by-products and wastes to reduce the collective adverse impacts of the emission during the operation of these industries. However, IS faces a number of barriers. Importantly, it has been identified that there is a critical impediment to implementing future IS practices in the area. This is because of the number of barriers such as technical, regulatory, commercial as well as informational. In addition, there is an absence of a proven and well established evaluation methodology to identify the benefits of such practice. The true implications of IS might therefore remain underestimated, thereby failing to convince industry, government and the community to realize the opportunities IS can bring in attaining goals of sustainability in their operations. / The aim of this PhD research was to develop and trial a method for capturing the life cycle environmental, social and economic implications of industrial symbiosis in heavy industrial areas. This research was based on multi-disciplinary approach of examining environmental, social and financial aspects to develop an integrated method. In the Kwinana industrial Area (KIA), the primary research area in Western Australia, the opportunities were significant for such industrial symbiosis to happen because of the co-location of diverse industries. The research hypothesis that informs this thesis is that the assessment of implications of present IS might bring further opportunities for enhancing symbiosis between industries. Though the primary emphasis of the research was in the Kwinana Industrial Area, this approach could be applied to other heavy industrial areas. This site could be significant both nationally and internationally in providing a platform for business responses to regional sustainable development challenges, by documenting best practice and improving approaches for implementing industrial symbiosis. / This research addressed the objectives by using the developed Six Capitals Model (SCM) for identifying environmental, social and economic benefits. The values under these dimensions were analysed with regard to natural, ecosystem, human, social, financial and manufactured capitals for a project of wastewater reclamation for industrial use. Under the environmental dimension, the model revealed that resource conservation and resource security were achieved as a result of the operation of this project. These results are in line with the argument that industrial symbiosis secures and conserves resources due to the possibility of reclaiming the resources that were once discarded. Water contamination has been reduced as a result of the operation of this project. This indicator shows that there is an improvement in maintaining the ecosystem capital. / In terms of human capital, sharing information between industries and opportunities of sharing infrastructure and technology has been improved. Regarding community capital, sharing of information between industries and communities, has increased as a result of this project. Collaboration of government bodies, level of understanding about IS projects due to increasing communication between various stakeholders, and increase of employment opportunities are notable, as value has been generated for community capital since the project started. In terms of financial capital of the project, the majority of the participants did not gain any financial savings in terms of direct costs but rather accrued short term costs. This was due to the infrastructure cost involved as part of installation of pipes and pumps. It was also due to the high cost of the reclaimed water than the scheme water. In addition, the analysis showed that most of the participants of the project did not gain any savings in the indirect costs such as hidden and legal costs, such as permit costs, compliance costs, future fines and penalties. However, as part of manufactured capital, there were savings due to improved business opportunities as well as infrastructure, for business and community collectively. / The results of this thesis show that broader benefits of symbiosis can be achieved, not only from operation of the project, but also from the influence of processes of symbiosis. Among them are connection, communication and collaboration between the project partners. There has been a substantial increase in the networking of industries and formation of multi groups for addressing various issues faced by industry and community in the Kwinana. There has also been a further increase in the transparency of information dissemination and communication through industries council’s website. In addition, there has been an improvement in the rate of participation of community members and groups in the Communities and Industries Forum (CIF) which resulted in the formation of further stakeholder groups by industries council as a platform for addressing the issues of industries and communities. / IS practices strengthen the EIP concept and increase the chances of sustainable industrial development regionally due to collaboration of community of businesses and local and regional community. IS also increases the reputation and license to operate in the community. There are many advantages for using the Model developed in the thesis to assess the benefits of IS. First, the values of ecosystem values maintained are able to be accounted for in addition to natural capital values. The Six Capital Model can also account human capital values in addition to community capital. The Model also accounted the manufactured capital in addition to financial capital and it gives an opportunity to identify the value generated towards community and companies. / Finally, the Model enables a calculation of the internal costs and external costs and benefits so that industries are able to understand the real cost of the projects. One of the main advantages of this method is that with, right indicators, the intangible values of the IS process can also be assessed and reported.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_rt_dr_rcla.pdf: 4907043 bytes, checksum: 726a4656c94a0d06d7ccf4170a2e6e9e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Joanópolis é um dos municípios de São Paulo que faz divisa estadual com Minas Gerais. Localizado ao norte da capital paulista, conta com uma pequena e pacata cidade, construída ao redor do Largo da Igreja de São João Batista. As belezas cênicas da região e as riquezas culturais são marcantes e justificam seu título de Estância Turística. Porém, ao aprofundarmos nosso olhar para além das maravilhas, encontramos problemas urbanos comuns a quaisquer outras cidades brasileiras. Vivendo esta realidade estão os adolescentes de Joanópolis. Estes jovens, caracterizados por uma faixa etária e atitudes marcantes da etapa de vida em que estão, têm percepção e cognição dos problemas sociais e ambientais que existem ao seu redor. O presente estudo teve como objetivo mostrar que os adolescentes de Joanópolis, diferentemente do que é aceito pelo senso comum, além de perceberem os problemas sociais e ambientais, são capazes de propor soluções ou ações mitigadoras para resolvê-los ou, ao menos, minimizá-los, faltando-lhes, apenas, oportunidades para participarem de fóruns e debates e para se manifestarem, a fim de contribuírem nos processos decisórios participativos. / Joanópolis is one of the cities of São Paulo State to border Minas Gerais State. It is settled at the north of São Paulo State capital and is formed by a small and quiet town, which has been built around the Square of São João Batista Church. The beautiful sights around the place and the cultural richness are impressive and justify the title of being a Touristic Site. However, if we look beyond those wonders, we find the ordinary urban problems of any other Brazilian city. Living in this reality are the adolescents of Joanópolis. Those teenagers, characterized by their age group and distinguishing features of this time of their lives, have the perception and cognition of the social and environmental problems around them. This study aims to show that the adolescents of Joanópolis, differing from what is believed by common sense, not only see the social and environmental problems, but are also capable of proposing solutions or mitigating actions to solve, or, at least, minimize them. It lacks them the opportunity to participate in forums and debates and to express themselves, in order to contribute to the participative decision making process.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:49:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Glauco Leao AGronegocio.pdf: 1526556 bytes, checksum: 8b3f4a0c5787f7ba176ca6d587320b0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-10 / In Goiás, the process of occupation of the territory still happens today. Livestock, rice, corn and soybeans that once moved over the cerrado, gradually transferring go area for cane sugar. The sugarcane expansion was influenced by increased demand for ethanol due to growth in sales of flex-fuel vehicles, especially in the last decade. Thus, there was an increase in cultivated area for sugar cane, showing a change in consumption of energy. The concern from various sectors of society is that in many regions, the sugar cane harvest is still done manually by pruning and many social and environmental problems are arising from this form of management, such as fires and poor working conditions. In Goianésia largest municipality of sugarcane Microregion of Ceres, violence has increased, mainly related to drug use in the years 2009 and 2010. There are reports of drug use to provide more force some workers to cut cane or to provide relief from stress as a result of one day of paid work for productivity. / Em Goiás, o processo de ocupação do território acontece ainda nos dias atuais. A pecuária, o arroz, o milho e a soja que outrora avançaram sobre o bioma cerrado, gradativamente, vão transferindo área para a cana-de-açúcar. A expansão canavieira foi influenciada pelo aumento da demanda por etanol decorrente do crescimento na venda de veículos bicombustíveis, principalmente na última década. Dessa forma, houve um aumento da área cultivada por cana, demonstrando uma mudança de consumo da matriz energética. A preocupação de vários setores da sociedade é que, em muitas regiões, a colheita da cana é ainda realizada manualmente através da poda e muitos problemas socioambientais têm advindos dessa forma de manejo, como as queimadas e as condições precárias de trabalho. Em Goianésia, maior município canavieiro da Microrregião de Ceres, a violência foi incrementada, principalmente relacionado ao consumo de drogas, nos anos de 2009 e 2010. Há relatos de uso de drogas para proporcionar mais vigor a alguns trabalhadores do corte da cana ou para propiciar um alívio pelo stress como consequência de um dia de trabalho remunerado por produtividade.