The focus of this thesis is on collaborative translation as a reflection of the contexts in which it takes place. I consider a wide range of contexts, including both historical and present day social change movements. Drawing on the principles that were outlined by scholars during the cultural turn in translation studies that took place during the 1980s and 90s, I examine cultural translation as something that can take place on many levels, from the translation of words and sentences to the translation of the values of a movement. As an example of the holistic approaches that are part of cultural translation, I look in-depth at Our Bodies, Ourselves, a feminist book that has been written and translated collaboratively by women all over the world. I then expand my survey of collaborative approaches to include the translation of literary and religious texts, including the translation of Don Quixote into Kichwa, as part of an indigenous movement, as well as historical and present day team translations of Buddhist sutras in the U.S. and China, and numerous collaborative Bible translations spanning centuries and continents. I also explore the relationship between amateur translators, collaborative approaches, and activism in social movements. Part of my aim is to bridge the gaps between translator training and translation theory, practice, and policy. In some cases, amateur translators are a manifestation of the values of a movement; in other cases they are a necessity due to limited financial resources, and activists take a variety of approaches to the problem of budgetary constraints. One approach is collaboration, which can make a translation project economically viable by dividing work amongst volunteers. Another solution is to form worker cooperatives. In addition, the use of technology can help to increase efficiency and save money. Translators in social change movements frequently solve problems and carry out their values by taking holistic approaches. From integrating modern technology and time-tested historical practices to drawing on translation traditions from a variety of cultures, collaborative translation projects demonstrate a wide range of ways in which the values of social change movements can be reflected in the translation process.

ABSTRACT This thesis presents case studies of five projects that use the visual arts to effect social change in post-apartheid South Africa. Artist Proof Studio, Paper Prayers, Phumani Paper, Community Engagement at the University of Johannesburg and the AIDS Action Intervention exemplify a range of approaches to social activism through the arts that parallels the political transformation to democracy. The first case study traces the history of the community printmaking studio, Artist Proof Studio, from 1991 to 2008 in three phases: redress, reconciliation and rebuilding. Artist Proof Studio was founded in 1992 to provide visual arts training to highly creative, but previously disadvantaged individuals. The Paper Prayers for AIDS Awareness initiative was implemented as a program of the studio in 1998. Originally funded by government, the campaign reached thousands of people nationwide. Phumani Paper, a national hand papermaking programme for job creation, was founded in response to a state directive to higher education institutions to implement technology transfer and poverty alleviation initiatives. The Papermaking Research and Development Unit was established at the University of Johannesburg in 1996. The principles and approaches established through these programs are analysed in the fifth case study, the AIDS Action Intervention. This three-year intervention brings all the initiatives together in a multi-disciplinary program that applies participatory action research as well as visual arts methodologies that help catalyse meaningful social action. There are common elements running through each of the case studies that derive from the fact that each intervention was based on the democratic values of human rights and equity. Further, the methodology throughout is dialogical, consultative, and designed to facilitate participants recognizing their own voices. The idea is that practice leads to understanding and stems from a fundamental ethical principle or ideal that all human beings have the capacity to realize their potential in their own way. The central argument of these case studies is that the projects continue to survive, against significant odds, because of the power of imagination, aspiration and dreaming. I interrogate the projects’ foundational premise that participants are empowered by the creative process, which promotes a sense of pride, and generates leadership as well as income. In addition, I argue that grass-roots visual arts projects, which ordinarily go un-analysed in any systematic way, can offer a model for transforming knowledge-creation through their non-hierarchical and participatory methodologies. In sum, this thesis documents and analyses eighteen years of arts activism; it assesses the actual outcomes of the interventions against the idealistic aims on which the projects were founded, and provides a resource guide for cultural activism in South Africa. It demonstrates the dynamic possibilities that exist in the domain of development and arts education.

The residential area of Rosengård in Malmö – Sweden, is one of the many areas included in the ‘million programme’, a program that in the 1960s focused on building a million new homes over ten years in Sweden, meant to provide cheap housing options for the rapidly growing population. Today, areas like Rosengård and the program are often associated with immigrant-dense segregated residential areas with high crime and socio-economic problems. It is also a scrutinized area where many investigations and studies have been conducted in different contexts. However, the focus usually lies on explanatory models examining topics about the area or the people. This research study builds upon a qualitative research method, semi-structured interviews, that shifts the focus on giving the group in question a platform, thus, listening to the residents' voices of Rosengård, their experiences, individual perceptions, and meaning-making. The research study aims to gain a broader understanding of Rosengård, the residents' involvement in social investment processes meant to solve the problems within the area, and the communication practices that different actors pursue. A combination of Hall’s (2013) work on representation, Spivak’s (1988) essay on the subaltern, and Said’s (1978) understanding of ‘othering’ will be used to analyze the themes of representation and its natural link to communication, while Tufte’s (2017) work on participatory communication will serve as the foundation for analyzing the (social) investment, - and communication practices in Rosengård. The thesis’ results show that the representation of Rosengård and its residents is primarily negative due to constructed and pre-existing stereotypes and frequent negative media coverage, contradicting the residents' perceptions of Rosengård. The results also show that the residents’ experiences of investments in the area are generally characterized by tokenistic participation and concerns about privatization and gentrification.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur kvinnans livssituation har förändrats i det svenska samhället sedan 1940-talet och om kvinnorna själva upplevt skillnader/förändringar kopplat till deras könsroll och position. Vi har valt att undersöka kvinnornas livssituation utifrån tre områden: karriär, privatliv och relationer. Studiens frågeställning var ”Hur ser kvinnor i Halmstad på de förändringar av könsrollerna som ägt rum sedan 1940-talet?” Resultatet har samlats in via åtta livsvärldsintervjuer tillhörande den kvalitativa metodologin med en induktiv förståelseansats samt ett fenomenologiskt förhållningssätt. För att analysera resultatet har Yvonne Hirdmans teori om genussystem samt George Herbert Meads socialisationsteori tillämpats. Studiens huvudsakliga resultat visar att kvinnor märkt att det har skett stora förändringar av könsrollerna sedan 1940-talet. De är positiva och tacksamma för den samhällsstrukturella utvecklingen. Vi kan utläsa att kvinnorna är fast i de mer traditionella könsrollerna vilket visar att könsrollerna är svårförändeliga. Kvinnorna uttrycker dessutom en positiv inställning till att unga kvinnor i dagens samhälle har bättre förutsättningar för att stäcka ut sin kvinnliga roll. / The aim of the study is to investigate how women's life situation has changed in the Swedish society since the 1940s and whether the women themselves have experienced differences/changes linked to their gender role and position. We have chosen to investigate the women's life situation based on three important areas: career, private life and relationships. The study's question was "How do women in Halmstad view the changes in gender roles that have taken place since the 1940s?" The results have been collected via eight life-world interviews belonging to the qualitative methodology with an inductive understanding approach and a phenomenological approach. To analyze the results, Yvonne Hirdman's theory of gender systems and George Herbert Mead's socialization theory have been applied. The main results of the study show that women have noticed that there have been major changes in gender roles since the 1940s. They are positive and grateful for the social structural development. We can deduce that the women are stuck in the more traditional gender roles, which shows that the gender roles are difficult to change. The women also express a positive attitude to the fact that young women in today's society have better conditions for expanding their female role.

Studies have shown that the rates of incarceration in the United States of America have skyrocketed over the course of the last several decades. Furthermore, the extremely high rate of incarceration in the United States has become a destructive force on children, families and entire communities and has disproportionately affected and targeted young men from low-income communities of color. Studies have also shown that mass incarceration is generally harmful to the health of the individuals that are imprisoned, the health of formerly incarcerated individuals, and harmful to the health of families and communities. The true cost of mass incarceration on society is estimated to be as high as over $1 trillion per year and studies indicates that more than half of those costs are ultimately levied upon families, children, and community members that are not incarcerated. This paper discusses policy reforms that have been implemented in recent years and that are currently being implemented to help mitigate the harmful impacts of mass incarceration, prevent recidivism, and reduce the population of incarcerated individuals. It also outlines higher education and positive development programs as effective strategies to further achieve these goals, lists current programs and interventions that have been effective, and discusses policies that would improve access to education for justice-involved populations as an effective tool to combat mass incarceration. / Urban Bioethics

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The over-arching goal of this project is to instill hope for activists and social workers, while simultaneously exploring the narrative of my Great-Grandmother, Mrs. Marguerite Emily Cartwright, whose activist story has never truly been told. Through the use of storytelling and thematic analysis, this research will present the reader with an opportunity to explore the tools and strategies that one woman used to make a profound and lasting influence on disability services, the study of disability and persons with disabilities throughout Ontario in the 1940’s and onwards. The Study of Disability, Disability Studies and Social Justice Studies, along with storytelling literature, are both broad albeit unique areas of knowledge. This unique thesis is based on the analysis of my family’s archives of Mrs. Cartwright’s activism, through original journal entries and newspaper clippings, along with letters and personal correspondences Mrs. Cartwright wrote to prominent North American politicians, offering a window into the mind of the activist herself. Through the use of storytelling and thematic analysis, this paper explores how the themes of wielding personal power, inheriting a moral sense of justice, and the history of disability services in Ontario contributed to the telling of Mrs. Cartwright’s untold story. An analysis of Mrs. Cartwright’s activist strategies demonstrated the intersectionality of disability, critical theory, feminism and justice studies, and the use of self in advocacy. Lastly, I discuss how my own sense of social justice, epistemology and practice of social work has been impacted by the telling of this story. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW)