Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T13:01:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquvo total.pdf: 4537131 bytes, checksum: 08374be923c67afda4904504d7689b5e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T13:01:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquvo total.pdf: 4537131 bytes, checksum: 08374be923c67afda4904504d7689b5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / Based on theoretical assumptions that consider the social aspects of memory, this work aims to analyze the process of construction of memories and identities of Vale do Gramame, rural area of João Pessoa, represented in the exhibition narrative of Museu Comunitário Vivo Olho do Tempo. The theoretical debate permeates study authors that consider memory as a social phenomena and consequently take into account the social aspects of identity construction. It also involves discussions by authors who treat the cultural heritage as a category of thought and his reflections on the conflicts inherent in the process of constitution of collective memories, full of disputes between remembering and forgetting and, consequently, between power and resistance. To situate the impact of creating the Museu Comunitário Vivo Olho do Tempo, it’s presented a brief historical background, conceptual and politic on the field of social museology and Sociomuseology. The intention is to identifying how the reflections and debates in the area influenced the design and the implementation of public policies for the field of museums today and the establishment of various community-based museums in Brazil. Moreover, this work attempts to challenge the interfaces and differences between which is considered social museology and Sociomuseology, as well as the dilemmas and conflicts in the academic field which govern this reflection line. As the museum's keynote is to present the cultural references and Vale do Gramame memories, which thus constitute its identity, from the look of the masters of local popular culture, this work also seeks to give voice to those social actors. From interviews, their voices and their memories are brought to light, in order to evoke the senses and meanings that these social subjects give to their role as socio-historical actors of the construction of their identities and their cultural references. / Com base em pressupostos teóricos que consideram os aspectos sociais da memória, esta dissertação tem como finalidade analisar o processo de construção das memórias e identidades do Vale do Gramame, zona rural de João Pessoa, representadas na narrativa expositiva do Museu Comunitário Vivo Olho do Tempo. O debate teórico perpassa estudos de autores que consideram a memória como um fenômeno social e, consequentemente, levam em conta os aspectos sociais da construção de identidades. Também envolve discussões travadas por autores que tratam o patrimônio cultural como categoria do pensamento e suas reflexões sobre os conflitos inerentes ao processo de constituições de memórias coletivas, carregado de disputas entre a lembrança e o esquecimento e, consequentemente, entre o poder e a resistência. Para situar as influências da criação do Museu Comunitário Vivo Olho do Tempo, é apresentada uma breve trajetória histórica, conceitual e política sobre o campo da museologia social e da Sociomuseologia, com vistas a identificar como as reflexões e os debates na área influenciaram a concepção e a implementação das políticas públicas voltadas para o campo dos museus na atualidade e a constituição de diversos museus de base comunitária no país. Ademais, procura problematizar as interfaces e diferenças entre o que vem a ser museologia social e Sociomuseologia, bem como os dilemas e conflitos no campo acadêmico a que está sujeita essa linha de reflexão. Como a tônica do museu é apresentar as referências culturais e as memórias do Vale do Gramame, que consequentemente constituem uma determinada identidade a partir do olhar dos mestres e mestras de cultura popular locais, este trabalho também procura dar voz a esses atores sociais. A partir de entrevistas, as suas vozes e suas memórias são trazidas à tona, a fim de evocar os sentidos e significados que esses sujeitos sociais dão ao seu papel como atores sócio-históricos da construção de suas identidades e de suas referências culturais.

Depuis la fin des années 1980, les collaborations avec les communautés autochtones semblent s’accroître dans les musées canadiens. Un déplacement apparaît de la prise de parole en contexte de revendication au don de parole en contexte muséal. Après la remise en cause des musées ethnologiques, la prise en charge de la parole autochtone annonce le temps de la reconnaissance. Seulement, le mot reconnaissance est employé dans des contextes variés en muséologie. Ses occurrences indiquent plusieurs sens, dérivés de la volonté de redonner dignité et respect aux peuples autochtones et de produire des expositions qui présentent leur patrimoine d’origine à la lumière de leurs points de vue. Selon une approche communicationnelle, notre travail a porté sur les pratiques des musées qui consistent à donner la parole aux peuples autochtones et à l’exposer. Le travail a été centré sur la combinaison des points de vue autochtones avec ceux des concepteurs-muséographes. L’entreprise de la recherche a visé à cerner les opérations induites et générées par cette situation d’entrecroisements de points de vue, plus ou moins discordants, qui doivent, d’une manière ou d’une autre, s’unir dans un même espace communicationnel. Le système polyphonique de l’exposition est conceptualisé en trois moments de médiation : la prise en compte, la monstration et l’interprétation des points de vue autochtones. Ils correspondent aux intentions des concepteurs-muséographes et des expositions, puis à la manière dont elles sont interprétées par les visiteurs. Nous avons réalisé quatre enquêtes de terrain dans onze musées à travers le Canada : observation participante ; entretiens individuels auprès de professionnels des musées ; analyse de discours ; entretiens de groupes auprès de visiteurs autochtones et allochtones. Nous avons examiné les pratiques collaboratives et croisé ces quatre formes de discours des musées afin de mettre à l’épreuve le potentiel de reconnaissance des expositions qui tiennent compte des points de vue des représentants autochtones. Il résulte que la patrimonialisation est conçue en tant que processus de reconnaissance. De plus, l’intensification de la patrimonialisation des objets autochtones est synchronique de l’expansion coloniale. Néanmoins, l’analyse de la prise de distance du concepteur-muséographe vis-à-vis de son point de vue et de celui des autochtones rend compte des relations complexes entre le don de parole, l’autorité de discours et l’auctorialité. Malgré les divergences entre les intentions explicitées par les professionnels et leurs intentions implicites dans les expositions, les discours des visiteurs autochtones et allochtones traduisent un contrat de reconnaissance entre le musée et les visiteurs. Ainsi, le principe polyphonique et ses formes de reconnaissance sont mis en évidence dans les espaces de production et de réception des expositions produites en collaboration. Notre recherche révèle plusieurs modalités de reconnaissance manifestes dans la combinaison et l’entrecroisement des voix autochtones avec celles des praticiens. Cet essai d’interprétation met au jour des conflits d’ordre patrimonial et socio-historique qui engendrent des mécanismes de régulation par assimilation/accommodation. Il décrit deux logiques fondamentales relatives à l’identité et à la mémoire. De ces adaptations mises en œuvre par les musées ressort un phénomène permanent de reconnaissance amorcé depuis la colonisation des territoires autochtones. La recherche suggère finalement d’envisager le musée comme lieu de reconnaissance non seulement du patrimoine, mais aussi des publics et des peuples donateurs et donataires du patrimoine. / Collaborations with aboriginal communities appear to be increasing in Canadian museums, with the communities shifting from speaking in a context of claiming theirrights to being given a voice in the museum context. In keeping with the questioning about ethnological museums, taking into account the voice of the aboriginal peoplesprefigures since the eighties the time for recognition. But the word recognition is used indiverse museum contexts.Based on a communicational approach, our research considers the links between thepolyphonic and recognition modalities of the exhibition media. We have attempted toidentify and understand the processes induced and generated by exhibitions’ interactionaland intertextual systems. The polyphonic system is conceptualized in three mediation moments in the production and reception spaces of the exhibition: acknowledgment, monstration, and interpretation of aboriginal points of view. They correspond to there cognition intentions of the exhibitions and designers-museographers, then visitors’recognition. We have conducted four field studies in eleven different Canadian museums : participant observation; one-on-one interviews with museum professionals; discourse analysis ; group interviews with native and non-native visitors. We have studied the collaborative practicesand these four types of museum discourses to demonstrate the recognition potential ofexhibitions dedicated to the aboriginals’ perspectives.Our research reveals several recognition modes manifest in the combination andinterlinking of aboriginals’ and practitioners’ voices; it identifies logic in the polysemy ofthe word recognition. This interpretation essay reveals patrimonial and socio-historical conflicts that generate regulation mechanisms through assimilation/accommodation. A permanent recognition phenomenon emerges from the adaptations implemented by themuseums since the beginning of aboriginal patrimonialization during the colonizationperiod. Our research proposes to apprehend the museum as a recognition place of heritage, but also of the general public and the peoples, whether donors or donees of that heritage.