No description available.

In modern society, loneliness is often talked about as an undesirable thing and something that should be eliminated, which makes it obvious that many people are suffering from it.  Considering that the physical spaces we inhabit significantly shape our social interactions and relationships, this project aims to highlight the importance of spatial design in fostering connections with others beyond oneself. Specifically, the gaze is directed toward co-living. Slakthusområdet is a slaughter industrial area that is going to be developed from an industrial area into an urban district with lots of housing.  On the site, I have examined how spatial design can create a lifestyle on our own initiative and feel a sense of belonging in a new environment. Through personal observations, this project explores a way of life that accepts loneliness and seeks to live with it. In this project, I call this way of living “Being alone together”. By using physical models as the primary medium, I proposed a housing complex that offers diverse forms of living spaces to accommodate all residents. This new approach to communal living holds the potential to unlock new possibilities of life, particularly for urban dwellers. Furthermore, it offers a fresh and unique solution in response to the housing challenges faced in Stockholm.

Several studies in the field of outdoor recreation management and planning have used computer simulation modeling to demonstrate its utility as a tool to help managers monitor encounters and similar visitor use-related indicators of quality. However, previous applications of computer simulation modeling to outdoor recreation planning and management have generally done little to assess the reliability, or precision, of model estimates. The purpose of this research is to explore several questions concerning the reliability of computer simulation model estimates for monitoring wilderness solitude-related indicators of quality. In particular, can reliable estimates of solitude-related indicators be generated for low use recreation environments, such as backcountry and wilderness areas? Is there a spatial component to questions about the reliability of computer simulation estimates for low use visitor landscapes? The research presented in this thesis examines the reliability of computer simulation estimates of wilderness solitude indicators that account for the timing and location of hiking and camping encounters in the backcountry of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This study was designed to model visitor use and inter-group encounters in the Cosby and Big Creek areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which are located within the park's proposed wilderness area. Two primary types of information about visitor use in the study area were collected to construct the computer simulation model in this study. First, information was gathered about the amount of visitation to the study area; second, information was collected about visitors' travel routes within the study area. Three alternative methods were used to estimate the number of replications needed to obtain desired levels of precision for the visitor-based and spatially based computer simulation model outputs. The results suggest that computer simulation models of visitor use can generate precise estimates for a small to moderate number of visitor-based and spatially-based outputs. However, there are constraints to generating precise estimates of use-related outputs as the number of outputs estimated simultaneously becomes large. This challenge is particularly pronounced in cases where at least some of the outputs are derived for low use attractions, trails, or camping locations. / Master of Science

This DMA dissertation provides a pragmatic and coherent way of interpreting a piece of post-tonal music, Four Songs of Solitude, by John Harbison. In this study, a modified Schenkerian analysis, namely linear analysis, serves as a methodological tool for the performer to identify and understand the implicit focal pitches, linear progressions, musical directions, and background structures of the music. By exploring this modified Schenkerian approach to interpreting post-tonal music in-depth, the performer is expected to achieve convincing results in performance on stage.

Le désir de solitude est omniprésent dans l'œuvre de Jean-Jacques Rousseau et de Henry David Thoreau. Dans leurs cas, elle s'accompagne d'une expérience de la nature. Ce mémoire propose une étude des raisons qui poussent ces deux auteurs à rechercher cette solitude. Le premier chapitre analyse la solitude originelle évoquée dans le Discours sur l'Origine et les Fondements de l'Inégalité parmi les Hommes. Rousseau y vante le mode de vie solitaire et autosuffisante de l'homme du pur état de nature. Nous verrons dans le deuxième chapitre, comment l'auteur explique dans les Lettres à Malesherbes et les Rêveries du promeneur solitaire sa nature solitaire et le rôle accessoire de la nature. Dans le troisième, nous examinons ses Confessions où il exprime son désir de vivre éloigné des hommes qui le tourmentent. Le quatrième chapitre est consacré à Thoreau et son désir de vivre une vie indépendante et délibérée en pleine nature. Il explique ce désir dans son livre bien connu Walden. Le cinquième chapitre se concentre sur les excursions de Thoreau.

Le retrait social à l'enfance est associé à un ensemble de difficultés socio-émotionnelles, incluant des problèmes internalisés et des difficultés sociales avec les pairs. Le retrait social est un construit complexe qui peut se décliner de différentes manières puisque plusieurs raisons peuvent mener les enfants à s'isoler en contextes sociaux. Notamment, la réticence sociale et la préférence pour la solitude constituent deux dimensions qui se distinguent sur le plan de leurs motivations sous-jacentes et de leurs répercussions sur l'ajustement socio-émotionnel des enfants. Pour cette raison, il est pertinent d'étudier la réticence sociale et la préférence pour la solitude séparément. Plusieurs questions demeurent toutefois non résolues par rapport à leur développement au cours de l'enfance. C'est pourquoi l'objectif général de la présente thèse de doctorat est de documenter, à l'aide d'un devis longitudinal prospectif, l'évolution de la réticence sociale et de la préférence pour la solitude au cours de l'enfance, ainsi qu'examiner les mécanismes à l'origine de leur développement. Les objectifs spécifiques de la thèse sont d'examiner 1) dans quelle mesure la réticence sociale et la préférence pour la solitude prédisent les difficultés interpersonnelles au cours de l'enfance, 2) leur étiologie génétique, ainsi que 3) leurs précurseurs tempéramentaux. Des données recueillies tout au long de l'enfance auprès de participants de l'Étude des jumeaux nouveau-nés du Québec (ÉJNQ) et de l'Étude longitudinale du développement des enfants du Québec (ÉLDEQ) ont été utilisées pour répondre à ces objectifs. La thèse se compose de trois articles empiriques. Le premier article utilise les données recueillies auprès des familles de l'ÉJNQ pour montrer, à l'aide d'une approche multi-niveaux, que, contrairement à la réticence sociale, la préférence pour la solitude augmenterait le risque de subir de la victimisation et du rejet par les pairs et que ces liens prédictifs s'expliqueraient par des contributions environnementales. Par ailleurs, la préférence pour la solitude était progressivement associée à la victimisation de 6 à 10 ans, suggérant que la préférence pour la solitude deviendrait davantage perçue négativement auprès des pairs vers la fin de l'enfance. Le deuxième article de la thèse met à profit les données issues du génotypage de participants de l'ÉJNQ et de l'ÉLDEQ pour examiner si des profils de vulnérabilité génétique différents permettent de différencier les trajectoires développementales à risque de la réticence sociale et de la préférence pour la solitude au cours de l'enfance. Les résultats indiquent que des scores polygéniques, calculés à partir des données génétiques des participants, sont différemment associés avec la réticence sociale et la préférence pour la solitude. Alors qu'un score polygénique pour la solitude prédisait la réticence sociale, un score polygénique général associé à plusieurs traits en lien avec la santé mentale prédisait la préférence pour la solitude. Ainsi, le deuxième article fournit une démonstration probante que des profils de risque génétique distincts sous-tendenderaient chacune des dimensions. Enfin, le troisième article examine, à l'aide des données de l'ÉJNQ recueillies de 5 mois à 10 ans, les précurseurs tempéramentaux et physiologiques précoces de la réticence sociale et de la préférence pour la solitude à l'âge préscolaire et à l'âge scolaire. Les résultats obtenus à partir d'un modèle séquentiel d'équations structurelles indiquent que l'inhibition comportementale face à une personne inconnue était posivitement associée à la réticence sociale au préscolaire. Par ailleurs, l'expression d'affects négatifs en contextes de nouveauté prédisait de façon similaire la réticence sociale et la préférence pour la solitude au préscolaire. Enfin, une interaction entre deux indicateurs de régulation physiologique, soit le tonus vagal et le cortisol, prédisait la réticence sociale en contexte scolaire. Cette interaction suggère que le tonus vagal pourrait atténuer le risque associé à la réponse du cortisol en ce qui a trait au développement de la réticence sociale à l'âge scolaire. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats du troisième article indiquent que certains précurseurs tempéramentaux et physiologiques prédisent de façon distincte la réticence sociale et la préférence pour la solitude. Ainsi, les résultats de la thèse contribuent à clarifier les distinctions entre les dimensions du retrait social en suggérant que la réticence sociale et la préférence pour la solitude sont différemment associées aux difficultés interpersonnelles et ont une étiologie génétique et des précurseurs tempéramentaux partiellement distincts. / Social withdrawal in childhood is associated with a host of emotional and interpersonal adjustment problems, including internalizing and peer difficulties. Social withdrawal is a complex and multifaceted construct, as different reasons can explain why children may choose to refrain from interacting with peers. Dimensions of social withdrawal such as social wariness and preference for solitude have unique social motivations and distinct associations with socioemotional problems. For these reasons, studying social wariness and preference for solitude separately is warranted. There are, however, several unresolved questions regarding aspects of their development. Hence, the general objective of the thesis is to document, within a longitudinal-prospective design, the development of social wariness and preference for solitude throughout childhood and the mechanisms underlying their respective developmental course. Specifically, the thesis aims to examine 1) the extent to which social wariness and preference for solitude are predictively associated with peer difficulties, 2) their genetic etiology, and 3) their early temperamental predictors. To achieve these goals, data collected throughout childhood from the Quebec Newborn Twin Study (QNTS) and the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD) were used. The thesis includes three empirical chapters. The first chapter incorporates familial data from the QNTS in a longitudinal multilevel model to show that preference for solitude, rather than social wariness, increases the risk for peer victimization and rejection, and that these predictive links are likely a reflection of an environmental process. Preference for solitude progressively predicted victimization from 6 to 10 years old, suggesting that preference for solitude becomes more negatively perceived by peers in late childhood. The second chapter takes advantage of genotype data in the QNTS and in the QLSCD to test whether genetic vulnerability profiles differentiate high-chronic trajectories of social wariness and preference for solitude throughout childhood. Findings show that polygenic scores, calculated from the participants' genotypes, are differently associated with social wariness and preference for solitude. Whereas social wariness was associated with a polygenic score for loneliness, preference for solitude was associated with a general polygenic score for several mental health traits and thus overlapped genetically with a broader range of mental health traits. Results from the second study suggest that social wariness and preference for solitude have different etiological mechanisms, this time characterized by different genetic risk profiles. The third chapter examines, using data from the QNTS collected between 5 months and 10 years old, the early temperamental and physiological precursors of social wariness and preference for solitude in preschool and in grade school. Results from a sequential structural equation model indicate that behavioral inhibition in approaching an unfamiliar person was positively associated with preschool social wariness. Yet, the expression of negative affects in unfamiliar situations predicted both elevated levels of social wariness and preference for solitude in preschool. Further, an interaction between two physiological stress regulation systems, vagal tone and cortisol reactivity, predicted social wariness during the grade school years. This interaction suggests that vagal tone may buffer the risk associated with cortisol reactivity. Overall, findings from the third study show that, for the most part, early temperamental and physiological dispositions differentially predict social wariness and preference for solitude in childhood. In conclusion, results from the thesis contribute to enhancing our understanding of the etiological distinctions between dimensions of social withdrawal and of their respective risk for peer difficulties.

La présente recherche vise à cerner les liens entre l’isolement et les traits psychopathiques avec le risque de récidive chez les délinquants sexuels. La littérature scientifique montre que le manque d’intimité, le sentiment de solitude et la psychopathie sont des caractéristiques très présentes chez les délinquants sexuels. Le manque d’intimité et la solitude émotionnelle peuvent être dus à une peur du rejet en lien avec un attachement fragile. D’un autre côté, l’isolement social peut être lié à des déficits relationnels causés par la présence de traits psychopathiques. De plus, le manque d’intimité, la solitude émotionnelle et les traits psychopathiques engendrent de l’hostilité et ont chacun un impact sur la récidive. La présente étude a alors pour objectif de voir les liens entre le manque d’intimité, le sentiment de solitude, les traits psychopathiques et l’hostilité avec le risque de récidive sexuelle et violente tel qu’évalué par la Statique-99. Les résultats font ressortir qu’il n’y a pas de relation entre l’isolement et les traits psychopathiques mais que l’isolement et les traits psychopathiques sont liés à l’hostilité. Les agresseurs sexuels d’adultes sont plus psychopathiques que les agresseurs sexuels d’enfants qui éprouvent plus de solitude émotionnelle. Les traits psychopathiques sont liés à la dimension antisociale et la solitude émotionnelle à la dimension sexuelle de la Statique-99. La solitude émotionnelle et les traits psychopathiques ont une relation distincte avec le risque de récidive chez les agresseurs sexuels. / The present study aims to determine the links between isolation and psychopathic traits with the risk of recidivism for sexual offenders. The scientific literature shows that a lack of intimacy, loneliness and psychopathy are often found in sexual delinquents. Lack of intimacy and loneliness may be due to a fear of rejection associated with a fragile attachment. On the other hand, social isolation may be related to relational deficits caused by the presence of psychopathic traits. Furthermore, lack of intimacy, loneliness and psychopathic traits engender hostility and each have an impact on recidivism. The objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of lack of intimacy, loneliness, psychopathic traits and hostility on sexual and violent recidivism risk as evaluated by the Static-99, in sexual offenders whose victims are adults or children. Our findings show that there is no link between isolation and psychopathic traits, but isolation and psychopathic traits are bound with the hostility. Sexual offenders whose victims are adults are more psychopathic than those whose victims are children, who show more loneliness. Psychopathic traits are related to the antisocial dimension of the Static-99 and loneliness is related to the sexual dimension of the Static-99. Isolation and psychopathic traits sexual offenders: loneliness and psychopathic traits have a different relation with the risk of recidivism for sexual offenders.

TITLE: The Motive of "Forbidden" Love in Work of Robert Musil SUMMARY: The thesis deals with the problems of adolescence of a young boarder in a boarding school. The objective of the thesis was to analyze the novel of Robert Musil "The Confusions of Young Törless" in context of behaviour models and the role of sensuality in the development of adolescent personality from the viewpoint of rational reasoning of own thinking processes. The analysis stresses the importance of the motive of young man's solitude, furthermore the motive of violence, the role of sensual cognition in adolescence as well as the role of these factors during determination of preferred relationships that might, however, come into contrast with the contemporary taboos and become "forbidden". "The Confusions" of the main character may so be structured and interpreted on several levels. KEYWORDS: Robert Musil, The Confusions of Young Törless, adolescence, sexuality, solitude, violence, visual cognition, love

This thesis is an autoethnography based on a two week Trans-Siberian railway journey from Moscow to Vladivostok in October 2011. It explores the role of memory in our spatial surroundings, the effect remembering has on the way we move through and interpret the present and ourselves. In the chapters about community, rhythms, memory/imagination, and landscape the journey becomes a backbone for the personal narratives and the stories of others, which intertwining unveil the complex relationship between the self and the world, the present and the absent, and the imagined. Thesis explores the inevitable mobility of the mind, which sees us losing the ability to stay fastened to physical spaces, images and our own being, and opening the possibility to travel in time, space and memory. The physical landscape, landscape of Siberia gradually becomes almost invisible, disappears and re-emerges as a series of personal images and stories, feelings and dreams, suggesting that even moving through the vastest landscapes in the world we are always travelling inward, towards an understanding of ourselves and the world around us.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-25T13:16:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 John Londerry Batista.pdf: 1663439 bytes, checksum: cba1b0998a6c5b880c6b77d8ac869ad3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-25T13:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 John Londerry Batista.pdf: 1663439 bytes, checksum: cba1b0998a6c5b880c6b77d8ac869ad3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-15 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This work aims to understand the capacity to be alone from the psychoanalytic perspective of D. Winnicott, thus seeking the importance of this theoretical formulation for human maturation and, consequently, showing its relevance to the clinic. In our clinical experience, we find many people who fear being alone and are always in search of someone or something to do. And very often we listen to these individuals who, when alone, do not know what to do, feel lost, helpless, so they prefer to work without rest to feel alive. This led us to interest in the study of the capacity to be alone in the light of Winnicottian psychoanalytic thinking. For this, in view of the classical principle of hermeneutics, in which each concept of an author must be elucidated in the totality of his work, one sought the comprehension of the capacity to be alone in the whole psychoanalytic thought of D. W. Winnicott. In this way, we tried to contextualize the starting point of the Winnicottian psychoanalytic vision and global comprehension of its psychoanalytic perspective, emphasizing some concepts, such as: the human animal, the experience animal, the ego and id, his notion of Instinct and drive, that of false and true self, that of ego (egorelatedness), the paradox, that of favorable environment, and especially its fundamental theory of human emotional maturation. We emphasize these concepts, therefore, as they support the understanding of the study theme. From this, we sought to reflect on the ability to be alone and to explain the understanding of this original Winnicottian formulation, served as a clinical case attended and described by Winnicott himself, the so-called case B. From the theory of emotional maturity of DW Winnicott, the ability to be alone is associated with an important initial moment of human development: the essential solitude. With evolving from the integrative process of the individual, five fundamental themes need to be established for him to experience being alone, as ability: first, the status of a unitary identity; Acquisition of a personality and a personal identity (true self); Third, the organization of the egoic nucleus that makes possible to experience a personal environment; Fourth, personal development facilitated by the maternal environment and, finally, the recognition and incorporation of maternal (mother-environment) care as a good object. Thus, in Winnicott's perspective, being alone as a capacity is a highly sophisticated phenomenon, in which the individual enjoying emotional health can experience, with all confidence in himself and in the environment in which he is inserted, being with himself, calmly, Being able to rest, relax without losing contact with shared reality and, moreover, live their interpersonal relationships, be it friendship or loving, with personal sense, experiencing them as real and valiant / Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a capacidade de estar só desde a perspectiva psicanalítica de D. W. Winnicott, buscando, assim, a importância dessa formulação teórica para o amadurecimento humano e, consequentemente, mostrando a sua relevância para a clínica. Em nossa experiência clínica, encontramos muitas pessoas que temem estar sós e sempre estão em busca de alguém ou de algo para fazer. E, com muita frequência, escutamos desses indivíduos que, quando estão sós, não sabem o que fazer, sentem-se perdidos, desamparados, por isso, preferem trabalhar sem descanso para se sentirem vivos. Isso nos levou a nos interessar pelo estudo da capacidade de estar só à luz do pensamento psicanalítico winnicottiano. Para tanto, tendo em vista o princípio clássico da hermenêutica, no qual cada conceito de um autor deve ser elucidado na totalidade de sua obra, buscamos a compreensão da capacidade de estar só no conjunto do pensamento psicanalítico de D. W . Winnicott. Desse modo, procuramos contextualizar o ponto de partida da visão psicanalítica winnicottiana e compreensão global de sua perspectiva psicanalítica, enfatizando alguns conceitos, tais como: o de animal humano, o de experiência, o de ego e de id, a sua noção de instinto e de pulsão, o de falso e verdadeiro si-mesmo, o de relação de ego (egorelatedness), o paradoxo, o de ambiente favorável, e, especialmente, a sua fundamental teoria do amadurecimento emocional humano. Destacamos tais conceitos, pois, eles sustentam o entendimento do tema do estudo. A partir disso, procuramos refletir sobre a capacidade de estar só e, para explicitar a compreensão desta original formulação winnicottiana, servimos de um caso clínico atendido e descrito pelo próprio Winnicott, o denominado caso B. A partir da teoria do amadurecimento emocional de D. W. Winnicott, a capacidade de estar só se associa a um importante momento inicial do desenvolvimento humano: a solidão essencial. Com evoluir do processo integrativo do indivíduo, cinco temas fundamentais necessitam ser estabelecidos para que ele experimente o estar só como capacidade: primeiro, o estatuto de um identidade unitária, segundo, a aquisição de uma personalidade e uma identidade pessoal (si-mesmo verdadeiro), terceiro, a organização do núcleo egoico, que possibilita experimentar um ambiente pessoal, quarto, o desenvolvimento pessoal facilitado pelo ambiente materno e, por último, o reconhecimento e a incorporação dos cuidados maternos (mãe-ambiente) como um objeto bom. Assim, na perspectiva winnicottiana, o estar só, como capacidade, constitui um fenômeno altamente sofisticado, em que o indivíduo, gozando de saúde emocional, pode experimentar, com toda confiança em si e no ambiente em que está inserido, o estar consigo mesmo, tranquilamente, sendo capaz de descansar, relaxar sem perder o contato com a realidade compartilhada e, além disso, viver as suas relações interpessoais, seja de amizade ou amorosas, com sentido pessoal, experimentando-as como real e valorosas