Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse des relations intertextuelles entre des œuvres littéraires et philosophiques allemandes, notamment les textes de Novalis et de Rilke, et le recueil de sonnets de l’écrivain et traducteur chinois moderne Feng Zhi. Le but de cette étude est d’analyser et de discerner dans quelle mesure il est possible d’établir des relations « transtextuelles » entre la littérature primaire, la thèse de doctorat de Feng Zhi, qui a joué un rôle vital dans le développement de sa voix poétique, et son recueil de sonnets. Les textes analysés dans le cadre de cette étude visent à montrer comment certains indices transculturels de la poésie de Feng Zhi définissent la tendance poétique de l’écrivain en tant que postromantique et métaphysique, alors qu’une recherche plus approfondie et d’autres évidences transtextuelles encadrent sa production lyrique parmi les premiers exemples de littérature moderniste chinoise. Les profondes et énigmatiques réflexions contemplatives des sonnets font de Feng Zhi un poète métaphysique. La voix lyrique s'engage avec le monde extérieur et gagne de nouvelles expériences esthétiques à travers l'imagination, la méditation sur l'infini spatial et temporel, la reconnaissance de l'état mutable et permanent de la matière, et une finale réalisation existentielle de l'auto-accomplissement de l'homme à travers son état d'isolement. Cette étude analyse enfin l'idée conceptualisée de l'infini et de la transcendance poétique évoquée par le mysticisme orphique. Cette approche redéfinit la relation du sujet poétique avec le monde extérieur et sa perception constructive finale de sa position au sein de la communauté, de la nature et du cosmos dans son ensemble. / The research conducted in this work focuses on the intertextuality between German literary and philosophical works, notably those of Novalis and Rilke, and the sonnet collection of the modern Chinese scholar and writer Feng Zhi. This study analyses the extent to which transtextual elements travel between the primary literature, the author’s own German doctoral dissertation, which ultimately played a vital role in the development of his lyrical voice, and his sonnets. Moreover, the texts analysed in this study attempt to demonstrate how given transcultural elements in Feng Zhi’s poetry define the writer’s apparent poetic tendency as a post-Romantic and metaphysical lyricist, whereas other closer transtextual investigations place his work among the first examples of Chinese modernist writings. The profound and enigmatic contemplative reflections of the sonnets make Feng Zhi a metaphysical poet. The lyrical self engages with the surrounding world and gains new aesthetic experiences through the power of imagination, the meditation on spatial and temporal infinity, the recognition of the changeable and permanent state of matter, and a final existential realisation of man’s self-completion through his state of isolation. This study finally also analyses the conceptualised idea of infinity and transcendence evoked by Orphic mysticism. This approach redefines the poetic subject’s relationship with the outer world, and the subject’s final perception of his position within the community, nature and the cosmos as a whole.

Egaré dans l’histoire, dans un devenir horizontal qui le condamne à s’autodétruire pour s’affirmer, l’homme de Cioran s’ouvre par moments à un devenir vertical, soit en s’élevant à travers l’extase qui le transfigure, soit en tombant à travers l’ennui qui le défigure. En envisageant la pensée de Cioran comme une « course thérapeutique en sens cosmique » ou comme une errance infinie issue d’une « théologie sentimentale où l’absolu se construit avec les éléments du désir », cette thèse, consacrée à la fois à l’œuvre française et à l’œuvre roumaine, s’attache à l’évolution de l’auteur de l’une à l’autre tout en dénonçant le mythe de la césure entre les deux. En posant le nihilisme à la fois comme un poison et comme un remède, comme l’horizon d’une fin ou d’un nouveau commencement, l’étude se propose d’analyser les processus et les expériences à travers lesquels le nihilisme est vaincu par lui-même. Le diagnostic du « héros de la rétractation » est interprété à partir de ses tentations et de ses inconséquences ; son exploration des impasses, son évasion dans le virtuel, ses hésitations entre une carrière métaphysique et un rôle historique, sa lutte avec le temps et ses expériences extatiques, sont analysées à partir d’une double tentation d’un même passage : « du néant vers le monde » et « du monde vers le néant ». / Going astray in History, in a horizontal becoming which condemns him to self-destruct to assert himself, Cioran’s man opens at times to a vertical becoming either in rising through the ecstasy that transfigures, either by falling through boredom which disfigures. Considering Cioran’s thought as a « therapeutic run in a cosmic sense » or as an endless wandering stemming from « a sentimental theology, in which the Absolute is built with the elements of desire », this study, devoted both to the French and Romanian works, focuses on the evolution of the author from one to the other by denouncing the myth of the caesura between the two works. Assuming both nihilism as a poison and as a remedy, as the horizon of an end or of a new beginning, the study aims to analyse the processes and experiences through which nihilism is defeated by itself. The diagnosis of the « hero of the withdrawal » is interpreted from his temptations and his inconsistencies ; his exploration of the impasses, his escape into the virtual, his hesitation between a metaphysical career and a historic role, his struggle with time and ecstatic experiences, are analyzed from a double temptation of a same passage : « from nothingness to the world » and « from the world towards nothingness ».

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the coexistence of time in Gabriel Garcfa Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude as a cause of the supernatural events, the hereditary memory, and the solitude and to examine the effects of this mythical time frame on character development, plot, narrative structure, and theme. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces the parchments as creators of mythical time. The second, third, and fourth chapters investigate the effects of this unconventional time. Supernatural events, clairvoyance, and solitude are all examined as effects. The final chapter correlates the writing of the parchments with the writing of the novel and explains the effects of unconventional time on the reader. Thus, this thesis illustrates how the coexistence of time functions of two levels: the level of the parchments and the level of the novel.

This thesis is deals with Hrabal's novella Too Loud a Solitude in the English translation and its reception. First, it briefly describes Hrabal's life and work in the context of the co called normalization period in Czechoslovakia, focusing on the novella itself and the three variations of the original Czech text. Before the translation analysis, the possible source text for the translation is discussed since the endings of the Czech text and the English translation are considerably different. The source of the difference was determined by consulting the French translation and related commentary. The analysis compares the ending of the original with the endings of the English and the French translation, translation of proper names and three selected sections of the Czech and the English text. Afterwards, the thesis describes the reception of the novella in Czech and English literature and also readers' reviews at the Goodreads website. The analysis and the reception are assessed on the basis of the theory of cultural manipulation. The most important achievements are: identifying the source text for the English translation, description of translation method and shifts and discussion of differences between the Czech and the English attitude to the novella. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:06:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCOS ARRUDA.pdf: 548427 bytes, checksum: 111750529c661f96378278aeab617441 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-15 / O propósito desta dissertação é apresentar uma análise a partir do ser da linguagem, segundo filosofo francês Michel Foucault, a possibilidade da literatura por meio do pensamento foucaultiano, perpassando ainda por outros filósofos, e também realizar uma análise literária de Cem Anos de Solidão, de Gabriel Garcia Márquez, vivenciando-se as ferramentas encontradas na arqueologia de um pensamento e buscando-as no ficcional. Para conduzir esta dissertação, a base teórica será sustentada pelas seguintes obras: As Palavras e as Coisas, Ditos e Escritos III, de Michel Foucault (1992-2006); Os conceitos fundamentais da Metafísica - Mundo Finitude - Solidão (2011), que dialogarão com Blanchot - A Conversa Infinita (2010) e com outros saberes, que nos dão, através da filosofia, uma sedimentação apropriada no que se refere ao ser, à linguagem, à transgressão, ao Eros, ao poder e à solidão.. Desde o primeiro capítulo, apresenta-se a literatura moderna foucaultiana; em seguida, trabalha-se conceitualmente o ser da linguagem e antes da análise de Cem Anos de Solidão, procura-se estabelecer a ontologia da solidão, do ponto de vista metafisico Heiddegeriano e pós-metafisico. O conceito de o fora , de Blanchot (2010), surge ao discutirmos a literatura marquesiana como fundamentação epistemológica, ao longo da dissertação construída.

En ce début du XXIème siècle, un nombre d'auteurs sans cesse plus important développe un véritable enthousiasme pour des thématiques féminines. Plus précisément, il s'agit pour eux de mettre en exergue la quête identitaire des femmes dans notre société. Cette littérature révèle une omniprésence du corps et de la sexualité en lien étroit avec la société et les schémas culturels imposés tenant ainsi un discours novateur sur les femmes. Le but de cette recherche est de montrer comment un discours littéraire, en reprenant les discours socioculturels, féministes et psychanalystes du moment, conçoit la question de la femme et quelle représentation de la femme il produit. Face à cette réflexion sur la question de la femme et son identité, cette thèse centre son étude sur les romans de trois auteurs, Virginie Despentes, écrivain français, Lucía Etxebarria, écrivain espagnol et Maïssa Bey, écrivain algérien francophone. L'être femme est représenté dans un rapport avec la violence masculine mais aussi avec sa propre violence, dans son rapport au corps et à la sexualité, par des relations humaines conflictuelles ainsi que par une aliénation sociale et culturelle. Le personnage féminin est un personnage seul, enfermé dans une identité dans laquelle il ne se reconnaît plus et qu'il rejette. La quête de soi et de la reconnaissance de soi laisse apparaître leurs aspirations, en contradictions avec leurs attributions. A la fin de chaque roman, l'individualisation de la femme est envisagée par la reprise de parole. La reconstruction de soi ne peut être permise que par la maîtrise de la parole sur soi, et la quête d'individualisation doit se poursuivre

Dissertation--Universität Köln, 1988. / Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Soledad, alienación y melancolía en la literatura argentina actual : desde 1955 hasta el presente : con un resumen en español. Bibliogr. p. 255-278.

Orientador: Adriana Piscitelli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T08:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_Eliane_D.pdf: 2077207 bytes, checksum: 08c1e86e9f9f60f2f8362ba4564c2271 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Nesta tese exploro como são construídas as noções de ¿mulheres sós¿ no Brasil contemporâneo a partir de três contextos distintos: estudos de população, textos da mídia brasileira e narrativas de mulheres de camadas médias, sem filhos, que moram sozinhas na cidade de Goiânia. Nos estudos de população, mulheres que moram sós são contempladas nas discussões sobre os ¿novos arranjos familiares¿ e na tendência de crescimento progressivo do número de pessoas morando sozinhas (¿domicílios unipessoais¿) observada a partir dos anos 1970. A mídia coloca em ¿evidência¿ o alto número de ¿solitárias¿ nas metrópoles brasileiras e chama a atenção para o estilo de vida das ¿novas solteiras¿, consideradas um fenômeno mundial. O debate ganha relevância nas ciências sociaisbrasileiras e assume uma dimensão de notícia em um processo no qual morar sozinha é freqüentemente associado à idéia de estar ¿solteira¿, compreendida enquanto ausência de vínculos amorosos e sexuais e, conseqüentemente, traduzido como ¿solidão¿. Várias noções atribuídas às mulheres ¿sós¿ nos distintos contextos remetem a algumas idéias proclamadas pelo feminismo, sendo a educação e o trabalho qualificado e remunerado percebidos como centrais à autonomia das mulheres. A partir de algumas terminologias recorrentes nos recortes considerados ¿ ¿nova mulher¿, mulher ¿independente¿, ¿livre¿ e ¿autônoma¿, etc. ¿, proponho uma reflexão sobre as possíveis conexões entre a produção da noção da ¿mulher só¿ e algumas noções centrais do ideário feminista / Abstract: In this thesis, I explore how contemporary notions of ¿single women¿ are constructed in three different contexts: Population studies (Demography), the Brazilian media, and the narratives of middle class childless women living alone in the city of Goiânia. In population studies, women living alone are considered in the discussion of ¿new families¿ and the increasing number of ¿single person households¿ observed beginning in the 1970s. The media emphasizes the ¿evidence¿ of the high proportion of ¿single¿ women in Brazilian metropolitan areas, drawing attention to their ways of life, in what is seen as a worldwide phenomenon. The debate becomes relevant in the Brazilian social sciences and draws the attention of the news in a process in which living alone is often associated with the idea of being single (unmarried), understood as the absence of partnership and sexual life, and therefore translated as ¿loneliness¿. Several notions attributed to single women in the three different contexts resonate with ideas proclaimed by feminism, where education and professional and paid work are perceived as central to the autonomy of women. Regarding recurrent terminologies such as the ¿new woman¿, ¿independent¿ woman, ¿free¿ and ¿autonomous¿, etc, I question the potential connections between the production of the notion of the ¿single woman¿ and key ideas in feminist thinking / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

Background: Involuntary loneliness has adverse effects on the physical and mental health of the elderly. Few interview studies have investigated older people's experience of loneliness in residential care. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to highlight thoughts about loneliness in individuals 70 years or older, living at nursing homes and their experience of loneliness related to the accommodation. Method: The study design was qualitative with an inductive approach. Semistructured interviews with 13 individuals 70-98 years old, was performed. The text was analyzed  and interpreted using qualitative content analysis. Result:  Five categories emerged; The move to the nursing home linked to loneliness, Individual aspects of loneliness, Loneliness and aging body, Significance of social factors for loneliness and Individual strategies to deal with loneliness.            Conclusion: Some older people were bothered by loneliness and asked for an increased community, in the context of meal, in the form of  group activities. It was common for the elderly with increasing age not to participate in all activities and instead chose to be for themselves, usually in a positive loneliness (solitude). / Bakgrund: Ofrivillig ensamhet har skadliga effekter på äldres fysiska och psykiska hälsa. Få intervjustudier har undersökt äldres upplevelse av ensamhet på särskilt boende (Säbo). Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa tankar om ensamhet hos individer över 70 år, på särskilt boende (Säbo) samt deras upplevelse av ensamhet relaterat till boendet. Metod: Studiedesignen var kvalitativ med en induktiv ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med intervjuguide med 13 individer 70-98 år, genomfördes. Texten analyserades och tolkades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fem huvudkategorier framkom; Flytten till Säbo kopplat till ensamhet, Individuella aspekter av ensamhet, Ensamhet och den åldrande kroppen, Betydelsen av sociala kontakter för upplevelsen av ensamhet samt Individuella strategier att hantera ensamhet.                                                                                                                            Slutsats: En del äldre besvärades av ensamhet och efterfrågade en ökad gemenskap i samband med måltid, i form av gemensamma aktiviteter i grupp. Det var vanligt att de äldre med stigande ålder inte deltog i alla aktiviteter och istället valde att vara för sig själva, i en positiv ensamhet.

Un manteau (pallium) recouvre pudiquement le corps souffrant du patient atteint d’une maladie grave qui se termine par une mort proche. Pour la rendre plus douce, les soins palliatifs prennent la relève des soins curatifs devenus inefficaces. Pour leur conférer une spécificité, ils évoluent dans le cadre d’une philosophie et d’un mode d’approche qui prennent la relève des soins curatifs devenus inutiles, dangereux et dépourvus de tout espoir de guérison. Ils sont dispensés plus souvent par les femmes dont on pense qu’elles sont pourvues d’une capacité plus grande que celle des hommes pour apaiser les souffrances, diminuer l’intensité des douleurs et amortir le choc affectif, mental et anxiogène qui précède la survenue de l’agonie puis de de la mort. La société des profanes, des soignants, des philosophes et des religieux pense que ces mesures sont de nature à transformer le drame du mourir en un épisode plus serein que celui ressenti auparavant en l’absence de toute intervention humaniste, médicale ou spirituelle sur le corps et l’esprit tourmentés du mourant. / A coat is modestly covering the unwell body of a severely diseased patient who is aware that he/she is shortly going to die. To make it softer palliative care is prone to act as a substitute for curative medicine that is no longer effective in recovering the patient from the disease. In order to endow specificity, palliative care is evolving in the framework of curative care that is thought to result in more discomfort, harm and pain as far as both sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic tools are concerned. Women are thought to be more deeply adjusted for care giving that is likely to soothe pain and absorb the emotional, spiritual and anxiety shock that is getting ahead of death. Lay people, caregivers and philosophers as well as people concerned with religion do think that doing so would be able to convert death tragedy into a more serene episode that the previous one without any help issued from conditions that used to leave dying patients living in loneliness.