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Towards the African theory of literary production : perspectives on the Sosotho novelSelepe, Thapelo, 1956- 06 1900 (has links)
Critical studies and creative works in the Sesotho novel have made some of the
important contributions in Sesotho literary history in particular, and African literary
history in general. However, such contribution has been dictated by a particular
history and an ideology. The world-view in literary practice that emerged from that
history is the one that tends to divorce literature, literary study and language from
society. Consequently, this study identifies this practice as a problem that needs
to be addressed.
This study argues from this perspective that literature, literary study and language
should be re-established as integral parts in a manner that pedagogical practice
would translate into positive social practices. To realise this ideal the study
approaches the study of the Sesotho novel from the perspective of literary
production. The theory of literary production insists that literature is a form of
social production. This argument becomes even more pertinent to the study of the
novel, which is viewed as having profound elements of realism that mirror society.
A consideration of the Sesotho novel as a form of literary production that is linked
to other forms of social production immediately leads to the question of the
development of the Sesotho novel. The possibilities that are identified include
external influence and internal evolution in the development of the Sesotho novel.
These possibilities also have a bearing on the study of the Sesotho novel in
particular and the study of the African novel in general.
In order to pursue the argument to its logical conclusion, the development of the
Sesotho novel is divided into three periods: 1900-1930; 1930-1960 and the 1960s-
1990s. Each of these periods demonstrates a particular ideological leaning that is
akin to the material conditions of each period. Taking this trend as a pattern in the
development of the Sesotho novel, this study advocates an approach that links
literature and literary studies to society. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
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The Pai language of Eastern Mpumalanga and its relationship to SwatiTaljaard, Petrus Cornelius 01 1900 (has links)
This thesis is a comparative study of Pai and Swati. The Pai language is spoken
in the easten1 parts of the Mpumalanga Province of the Republic of South
Africa. The study concentrates on the correspondences and differences of the
speech sounds of these two languages and reference is also made to the
morphology.
The previous comprehensive work on Pai was by Ziervogel (1956) where he
classified the Pai language as one of the three dialects of Eastern Sotho. He also
considered the Swati elements present in Pai to be merely borrowings. The
present investigation into the history of the Pai people indicates that Pai may
have had links with languages other than those belonging to the Sotho group
and, from the evidence, an Nguni connection has become a distinct possibility.
The speech sounds of Pai are described in detail in chapter two and
corresponding speech sounds in Swati are included. The vowels of both
languages receive special attention because Pai apparently has a seven-vowel
system and Swati a five-vowel system. The corresponding consonants in these
two languages soon points towards a relationship that is based on more than just
borrowed items. In chapter three the Ur-Bantu sounds of Meinhof and their
reflexes in Swati and Pai are described and compared. The wide variety of
attestations in Pai and the instability of some phonemes are indicative of a
language that has been subjected to many outside influences and that is at the
moment in a state of flux.
In chapter four some aspects of the morphology are described in order to highlight
the peculiar characteristics of Pai as an individual language. The
relationship with Swati is again emphasized by the findings in this chapter. A
statistical analysis of the speech sounds of Pai and Swati in chapter five
indicates that an Nguni core of sounds exists that is shared by both these
languages. A re-classification of Pai within the language context of that area
may therefore be necessary. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
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Ideologie en die konstruksie van 'n landelike samelewing : 'n anthropologiese studie van die Hananwa van BloubergVan Schalkwyk, Johan Abraham 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Die verskillende pre-koloniale samelewings in suidelike-Afrika bet in die laat
18de en vroee 19de eeue reeds 'n herkenbaar moderne vorm begin aanneem, toe
hulle identiteit deur koloniale intervensie 'gevries' is. Die verhouding wat met
verloop van tyd tussen hierdie samelewings en die indringende koloniste
ontwikkel het, is grotendeels gebaseer op persepsies en houdinge wat reeds
sedert die 17de, 18de en veral die 19de eeu weens die kontak 'n definitiewe
vorm begin aanneem het. Hierdie kan as 'n proses van historiese voorstelling
("historical imaging") beskryf word.
In die proefskrif word die agtergrond van hierdie pre-koloniale samelewings
geskets en die historiese ontstaan van een samelewing word as tersaaklike
voorbeeld bespreek. Die verhoudinge wat plaaslik as gevolg van die proses van
koloniale intervensie ontstaan bet, gee met verloop van tyd aanleiding tot die
beleid van af sander like ontwikkeling, waarvan die toepassing oar 'n periode van
nagenoeg 50 jaar in 'n groat mate bygedra het om die identiteit van hierdie
besondere samelewing op 'n besonderse wyse te vorm.
Om hierdie beleid van afsonderlike ontwikkeling suksesvol toe te pas, was daar
vanaf die regering van die <lag vier mikpunte waaraan voldoen moes word. Dit
is deur middel van wetgewing, oorreding en manipulering bewerkstellig.
Die eerste mikpunt het die ontwikkeling van 'n afsonderlike politieke bestel vir
die swartmense behels, sodat hulle op 'selfstandige' wyse beheer oar die 'state'
wat vir hulle geskep sou word, kon uitoefen.
Die tweede mikpunt was die daarstelling van 'n eie grondgebied waarbinne die
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mense saamgevoeg kon word en wat as basis sou dien vir die fisiese skeiding
tussen swartmense en blankes. Die politieke mag wat vir hulle geskep is, sou net
binne die grense van hierdie eie grondgebied uitgeleef kon word.
Om die beleid suksesvol tot volvoering te kon bring, moes daar ook 'n strategie
vir ekonomiese oorlewing gei'mplimenteer word. Die derde mikpunt was die
ekonomiese self standigmaking van elk van die gebiede. Aangesien die
grondgebied wat aan hierdie mense afgestaan is totaal onvoldoende was, moes
daar verskillende strategiee ontwikkel word vir hul voortbestaan - enersyds deur
die regering en andersyds deur die inwoners.
Laastens sou al die mense binne 'n grondgebied tot 'n homogene eenheid
saamgesnoer moes word. Daar is gevolglik gepoog om 'n eie identiteit vir die
inwoners van elk van die gebiede te skep. Die strategie het grootliks op 'n
etniese grondslag berus en was van sodanige aard dat dit die verskille tussen
die groepe beklemtoon het.
Die proses van die konstruksie van identiteit is aan die lig gebring deur
navorsing wat onder die Hananwa, 'n Noord-Sotho-sprekende groep mense
woonagtig in die weste van Noordelike Provinsie, gedoen is. Hierdie 'konstruksieproses'
was egter nie eensydig nie en die Hananwa het, soos wat dit hulle gepas
het, aktief daaraan deelgeneem.
Die navorsingsproses het die toepassing van 'n multi-dissiplinere benadering
behels, wat hoof saaklik van antropologiese, maar ook argeologiese en historiese
metodologie gebruik gemaak het. / The various pre-colonial societies of southern Africa emerged in a recognizable
modern form during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when they were
'frozen' in their identities by colonial intervention. The relationships that
developed with time between these societies and the colonial powers, were
largely based upon perceptions and attitudes that developed since the 17th, 18th
and especially the 19th centuries as a result of this contact. This latter process
has been described as a process of historical imaging.
In this thesis, the background to these pre-colonial societies is given and the
historical development of one such society is discussed as a relevant example.
The relationships that resulted locally because of this process of colonial
intervention eventually gave rise to a policy of separate development, the
implementation of which over a period of close to 50 years largely contributed
to the creation of the identity of this particular society.
As prerequisite for this policy to be successful, four aims that had to be
successfully implemented were identified by the government of the day. This
was done by means of legislation, persuasion and manipulation.
The first aim was the development of a separate political system for black
people, by which they could 'independently' govern themselves in the 'states'
that were to be created for them.
Secondly, for this political mechanism to work, it was necessary to establish a
separate area or 'state', where the black people could live and govern
themselves. The political power created for them could only be used within the
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boundaries of these states. Furthermore, these states would also serve to
separate whites and black people from each other.
Thirdly, for this policy to work, it was necessary to develop a strategy for the
economic survival of the people in these states. As the areas set aside for them
were totally inadequate, a number of strategies were developed for their
economic survival - on the one hand by the authorities and on the other hand by
the inhabitants of these areas themselves.
The last aim was to unite all the inhabitants within each of these states into
one group. It was therefore tried to establish an identity or image for all the
inhabitants of each of these areas. This strategy was largely based on ethnic
principles, with particular emphasis on the differences between the various
groups.
This process of the construction of identity is discussed with reference to a
specific society, known as the Hananwa, a Northern-Sotho-speaking people living
in the west of the Northern Province. Amongst the Hananwa, this 'construction
process' was not one-sided and they took an active part in it as it suited their
particular need at a specific time.
The research strategy was based on a multi-disciplinary approach that employed
mainly anthropological methods, but also included archaeological and historical
methodology. / Anthropology and Archaeology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Anthropology)
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Content, form and technique of traditional and modern praise poetry in Northern SothoKgobe, D. M. (Dominic Mamahlo) 06 1900 (has links)
This thesis is a critical evaluation of the content, form and technique of
traditional and modern praise poetry in Northern Sotho.
Chapter 1 presents the aim of the study and the method of research and
defines the concepts of poetry and praise poetry. Praise poetry is viewed from
a traditional and modern perspective.
Chapter 2 deals with the content and technique of praise poetry. Content
consists of oral praise poetry lauding the heroic deeds of men in battles and
casual encounters. Modern praise poetry comments on current events.
Devices for rapid composition of the praises are discussed. Techniques differ
between poets and according to time, place and occasion.
Chapter 3 covers the traditional praises of chiefs, warriors, initiates, animals,
birds, divining bones and totem praises, examining them from the perspective
of content and form. The praises extol human achievements, peculiar animal
characteristics and the interpretation of "mawa" of divining bones.
Chapter 4 deals with the development and transition from traditional to modern
form as well as the reciprocal influence. The content and form of modern
praises of chiefs, academics, community leaders, animals, birds, divining
bones, man-made objects and some natural phenomena are discussed. Many
modern poets have also written praises of fictional characters.
Chapter 5 compares oral and written praise poetry by concentrating on the
similarities and differences between traditional and modern praise poetry. This
study shows that there are differences in of theme, rhyme, beginning and
ending, sentence length and significant emphasis on man-made objects such
as cars and locomotives as exceptional modes of transport for commuters.
Chapter 6 concludes the study and proves that praise poetry is a living or
dynamic entity which will continue to exist. Praise poetry highlights persons,
interpersonal relationships, attitudes and values derived from an African
conceptions of the universe. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil (African Languages)
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Cultural conflicts in Northern Sotho dramasMadiga, Raofa Philemon 06 1900 (has links)
The aim of this research is to investigate cultural conflicts in Northern Sotho dramas.
At the beginning of the work, reasons for the choice of the topic are given, and
thereafter, the methodology to be adopted in analysing the plays is outlined. Various
factors considered to be contributory to the acculturation of traditional Africans are
discussed.
Throughout this study, traditionalists oppose westernised Africans because of strange
norms and practices they have adopted. The two parties disagree on issues like
arranged marriage, remarriage and leadership. Christianity features prominently as the
basic cause of conflict. Modernists oppose traditional practices on the ground that they
are not in conformity with Christian principles.
The plays are compared to determine how each playwright has attempted to resolve
conflicts in his respective play. The study ends with a comment on findings where
traditionalism, being a common enemy in the three plays, is overridden by modernity. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)
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Basoeto-plaasarbeiders in die Oos-VrystaatVan Rooyen, A. M. 11 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA) Stellenbosch University, 1955 / No abstract availble / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n beeld te verskaf van die Basoeto as plaasarbeiders. Hulle vorm as't ware 'n groep op hulle eie wat heeltemal los staan vie die Basoeto van Basoetoland. Die meeste van hierdie plaasarbeiders is in die Oos-Vrystaat gebore, en het opgegroei te midde van 'n blanke omgewing. Die gevolg is dat hulle deur 'n proses van akkulturasie 'n lewenswyse van hulle eie geskep het, wat in sekere opsigte baie van die Basoeto se ou tradisionele lewenswyse verskil. Die eintlike doel van die studie is dan om meer lig te werp op hierdie besondere lewenswyse van die plaasarbeiders.
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Gesture and speech in the oral narratives of Sesotho and Mamelodi Lingo speakersNtuli, Nonhlanhla January 2016 (has links)
Dissertation submitted to the Department of African Languages and Linguistics
in fulfilment of the requirement for Master of Art's Degree in Humanities
The University of the Witwatersrand, School of Literature, Language and Media, March 2016 / The gradual decline in the use of Black South African languages (BSALs) has been a concern for the past 20 years in both the South African civil population and academia. The last census data of 2011 informs this phenomenon by showing how language use has changed nationally over the years. In an effort to counter this decline, some researchers have called for the improvement of existing non-standard language varieties, which could serve to improve some of these decreasing Black South African languages (Ditsele, 2014). Non-standard language varieties are ‘languages’ largely spoken in black townships around South Africa. They are sometimes referred to as stylects, sociolets or speech varieties, due to their structures and functions (Bembe & Beukes, 2007). Applying a psycholinguistic approach, this study seeks to compare the standard language Sesotho to a non-standard language variety, Mamelodi Lingo. This study looks at the discursive behaviour focusing on speech and gesture.
Previous literature on South African language varieties focuses on the semantic and pragmatic description of the words in use (Calteaux, 1996; Hurst, 2008; 2015; Rudwick, 2005; Ditsele, 2014), and very few have incorporated co-speech gesture, which form an integral part of non-language varieties (Brookes, 2001; 2005).
The present study presents the results of an empirical investigation that compares 20 narratives produced by Sesotho and Mamelodi Lingo speakers. Using the methodology used in the elicitation of speech and gesture by Colletta et al., (2009; 2015), participants watched a speechless short cartoon and were then asked to retell the story they had seen to the interviewer. Using the language annotation tool, ELAN narratives were annotated for language complexity, length, and type of clause, syntax, as well as story grammar memory-recall. Narratives were also annotated for gesture: type of gesture and function of gesture. The focus was on the discursive performance of speech and gesture. Results show a significant use of meta-narrative clauses from the language variety compared to the standard language as well as a higher use of non-representational gestures by the non-standard language. The findings also show an interesting use of interactive co-speech gestures when retrieving lexical items that are not present in the repertoire of Mamelodi Lingo / GR2017
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The teaching of English as a second language to North Sotho-speaking children in the junior secondary school with special reference to oral communication : an empirical studyMawasha, Abram Lekalakala January 1976 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D. (Education)) -- University of the North, 1976 / Refer to document
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A critical assessment of the impact of involuntary resettlement on the lives of Basotho people : the case study of Lesotho Highlands Water Project, Lesotho.Sephula, Bakoena Augustine. January 2011 (has links)
The aim of this research project is to explore the socio-economic and environmental effects experienced by the relocated population at Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP). Large dams are constructed for irrigation, generation of hydroelectricity, consumption and so forth. In the case of Lesotho, the LHWP was constructed with the purpose of selling water to South Africa to earn royalties and generate hydroelectricity. Despite the fact that a number of factors are advanced to justify the construction of large dams, phenomenal experience has shown that the consequences emanating from their construction are sometimes irreversible and painful, for instance resettlement. This research study therefore sought to investigate the socio-economic and environmental impacts experienced by the affected community emanating from LHWP resettlement programme at Ha Thetsane and Ha Makhalanyane; whether the standard of living of resettlees as measured in terms of access to services has improved or not; the extent of their participation in the resettlement programme; their perception on their standard of living; the extent to which the people have adapted to their forced removal from their homelands; investigate the compensation process; and make tailored recommendations concerning the environmental impacts of involuntary resettlement on the lives of the Basotho people.
Qualitative approach was used to collect both primary and secondary data. Literature review was undertaken to provide background information to the problem statement, the methodology design, the theories and other factors used to justify the construction of large dams. The existing literature led to a deeper understanding of the impacts of larger dams, reaction towards construction of large dams and Lesotho’s experience regarding the construction of large dams. Interviews were also conducted. The data collected were written into descriptive analysis form. The resettlement programme at Ha Thetsane and Ha Makhalanyane has resulted in both positive and negative impacts. The study has concluded that there is a need to engage all the stakeholders affected by involuntary resettlement through a transparent public participation process; consider more sustainable means of livelihoods; furnish resettlees with information on the options to enable them to make informed decisions; fulfil promises in order to build trust with the resettlees. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
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An investigation into the journalistic identities of news workers at the state owned Lentsoe La Basotho/Lesotho Today NewspaperKotele, Mothepane January 2010 (has links)
Informed by the political economy framework and the public service role of media in democracy, the main objective of the study was to use in-depth semi-structured interviews to understand news-workers’ professional journalistic identities in relation to their status as government employees and the understanding of their public service role as outlined in the paper’s mission statement. The main interest was to understand the complexity of negotiating these role identities. Through reference to the theories of journalism professionalism, the study highlighted the extent to which news-workers in the small newsroom of Lentsoe la Basotho/Lesotho Today see themselves as public service journalists in a democratic country. The interest was borne partly out of the views of the paper’s critics who see it as not serving the public but rather promoting the activities and policies of the government of the day, thus falling short of its democratic role. The contention of the study was that as a public service newspaper, the paper should have news-workers who do impartial journalism and reflect the public’s right to know in their reporting. The findings of the study suggests that news-workers at Lentsoe la Basotho/Lesotho Today continuously have to strive to negotiate the potential conflict between being a professional and working for a government-controlled newspaper. While they sometimes lay claim to being journalists, the reality is that in their political coverage they end up adopting the role of government mouthpieces.
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