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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
171

Impacto da dor e do ruído articular na qualidade e no custo de vida de indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular / Impact of pain and joint sounds in quality and cost of living for individuals with temporomandibular dysfunction.

Rodrigues, Carolina Almeida 07 December 2012 (has links)
A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) acomete uma relativa parcela da população e seus sinais e sintomas podem afetar as atividades rotineiras do indivíduo, com o potencial de gerar transtornos tanto aos serviços de saúde devido ao aumento na demanda quanto à economia devido aos dias perdidos de trabalho por incapacidade temporária do trabalhador. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da dor e dos ruídos articulares na qualidade de vida de indivíduos com DTM. Oitenta indivíduos foram triados no Serviço de Oclusão e Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular da Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (SODAT/FORP-USP). Os sujeitos incluídos na pesquisa foram submetidos ao exame clínico do eixo I do Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD), posteriormente, a severidade da disfunção foi determinada pelo Índice Craniomandibular (ICM) e os sons articulares foram avaliados através da eletrovibratografia (EVG), através do sistema SonoPAK (BioReserch). O impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes foi avaliado através do questionário OHIP-14 e o custo financeiro através do questionário específico. Durante o diagnóstico, maior numero de pacientes (43.75%) apresentaram desordens de disco associadas à desordens musculares, e um índice craniomandibular de 0.519 ± 0.175, com 62,5% dos sujeitos classificados em DTM moderada. Os ruídos articulares foram analisados durante a abertura e fechamento mandibular. Durante a abertura mandibular foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os lados esquerdo e direito, no total integral dos ruídos (56.78 ± 107.65 e 35.89 ± 82.28 no lado esquerdo e direito, respectivamente e p = 0.012), no pico de amplitude (3.71 ± 7.73 no lado esquerdo e 2.42 ± 5.19 no lado direito, p=0.013) e no pico de frequência (71.31 ± 70.41 no lado esquerdo e 52.09 ± 45.35 no lado direito, p=0.011). O fechamento mandibular apresentou diferenças estatísticas entre o lado esquerdo e direito, no total integral dos ruídos (35.77 ± 66.87 no lado esquerdo e 22.10 ± 50.39 no lado direito, p = 0.004), pico de amplitude (2.71 ± 3.49 e 1.97 ± 2.69, lado esquerdo e direito, respectivamente, e p = 0.017) e pico de frequência (47.99 ± 52.46 e 39.14 ± 38.02 lado esquerdo e direito, respectivamente, e p = 0.024). Quando analisado apenas uma articulação, esquerda ou direita houve diferença apenas no lado esquerdo, com maior pico de frequência durante a abertura mandibular (p = 0.019). Com relação ao impacto gerado na qualidade vida dos sujeitos com DTM, segundo a correlação de Spearman entre o OHIP=14 (10.64 ± 5.63) e o ICM (0.519 ± 0.175) houve significância estatística p = 0.019. Além disso, 64 pacientes se submeteram a algum tipo de atendimento previamente ao inicio da pesquisa, 48 deles perderam acima de 30 minutos por atendimento e 46 sujeitos (57.5%) fizeram uso de algum tipo de medicação para dor, sendo que 20 deles recebiam os medicamentos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Pode-se concluir que as disfunções temporomandibulares interferem na qualidade e no custo de vida de indivíduos com DTM. / The temporomandibular disorder (TMD) affects the relative share of the population and its symptoms can affect daily activities of the individual, with the potential to generate both disorders to health services due to increased demand as the economy due to lost days of work temporary disability of the employee. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pain and joint sounds in quality of life of individuals with TMD. Eighty individuals were selected in Service Occlusion and Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction, College of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (SODAT / FORP-USP). The subjects included in the study underwent clinical examination Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC / TMD), subsequently the severity of dysfunction was determined by Craniomandibular Index (CMI) and the joint sounds were evaluated by electrovibratography through the system SonoPAK (BioReserch). The impact on quality of life was evaluated using the OHIP-14 questionnaire and the financial cost through specific questionnaire. During the diagnosis, the greater number of patients (43.75%) had disc disorders associated with muscular disorders, and a craniomandibular index of 0519 ± 0175, with 62.5% of subjects classified as moderate TMD. The joint noises were analyzed during jaw opening and closing. During the opening mandibular statistical differences were observed between the left and right sides, the total integral noise (107.65 ± 56.78 and 35.89 ± 82.28 in the left and right side, respectively, p = 0.012), peak amplitude (3.71 ± 7.73 on the left and 2.42 ± 5.19 on the right side, p = 0.013) and peak frequency (71.31 ± 70.41 and 52.09 on the left side on the right side ± 45.35, p = 0.011). The closing mandibular showed statistical differences between the left and right, total integral noise (35.77 ± 66.87 to 22.10 ± left side and right side in 50.39, p = 0.004), peak amplitude (2.71 ± 1.97 ± 2.69 and 3:49, left and right side, respectively, p = 0.017) and peak frequency (47.99 ± 52.46 and 39.14 ± 38.02 left and right side, respectively, p = 0.024). When analyzed only one joint, left or right difference on the left side only, with higher peak frequency during the opening symptoms (p = 0.019). With respect to the impact generated on quality of life subjects with TMD, according to the Spearman correlation between the OHIP-14 (10.64 ± 5.63) and ICM (0519 ± 0175) was statistically significant at p = 0.019. In addition, 64 patients underwent some type of care previous to the onset of the study, 48 of them lost over 30 minutes for care and 46 subjects (57.5%) had used some type of pain medication, and 20 of them received the medicines of the Unified Health System. One can conclude that temporomandibular disorders affect quality of life and cost of TMD patients.
172

L'effet de la congruence avec l'image d'une entreprise de deux facteurs atmosphériques (parfum et musique), sur la satisfaction et les réponses comportementales des individus : application au secteur bancaire / Effect of congruency with the brand image of two atmospheric factors (scent and music) on the satisfaction and behavioral responses : application to the banking sector

Grobert, Julien 20 June 2014 (has links)
Alors que l'univers bancaire va connaître ces prochaines années, de profonds changements liés à une restructuration de son modèle, il nous semble pertinent de comprendre si le marketing sensoriel peut créer de la valeur ajoutée pour le client et les entreprises dans ce contexte. Le fait de diffuser un parfum et/ou une musique doit néanmoins faire l'objet de certaines recommandations. En effet, un parfum, ou une musique, fortement congruent avec l'image d'une entreprise aura-t'il des effets différents (et plus ou moins forts) qu'un parfum (ou qu'une musique) faiblement congruent avec l'image de l'entreprise, sur la satisfaction et les réponses comportementales des individus ? Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier cette thématique. Deux phases de recherches ont été mises en oeuvre. Tout d'abord, une phase qualitative qui a permis de faire ressortir les marqueurs de l'identité de la marque, permettant la création de deux types de parfums (fortement congruent vs. faiblement congruent) et de deux types de musiques (fortement congruente vs. faiblement congruente). La deuxième phase, quantitative a été réalisée in situ. Les résultats montrent qu'une diffusion de parfum faiblement congruent avec l'image de l'entreprise conduit à des réponses plus favorables de l'individu sur la perception des éléments physiques et in fine sur sa satisfaction et ses réponses comportementales. A contrario, une diffusion de musique produit globalement des effets négatifs. / While the bank sector will be the center of huge changes, during next years, due to a restructuration of its model. It seems relevant to understand whether the sensory marketing can create added value for the customer and companies in this context A scent and/or a music diffusion must nevertheless be the object of recommandations. Indeed, will a scent or/a music with high level of congruency with brand image have differents effects(and stronger or lower) than a scent (or a music) with a low level of congruency on the satisfaction and behavioral responses of consumer ? This doctoral research aims to investigate this issue. Two diffents stages have been realised. First of all, a qualitative study allowed to show brand's identity markers allowing the creation of two types of scents (high congruency vs.low congruency) and two types of musics (high congruency vs. low congruency). The second stage, quantitative, has been realised in situ. Results showed that diffusion of a perfume with low congruency with the brand image leads to more favorable responses of physical elements and in fine on the satisfaction and on the behavioral responses. Conversely,a music's diffusion overall leads to negatives effects
173

Improving the quality of speech in noisy environments

Parikh, Devangi Nikunj 06 November 2012 (has links)
In this thesis, we are interested in processing noisy speech signals that are meant to be heard by humans, and hence we approach the noise-suppression problem from a perceptual perspective. We develop a noise-suppression paradigm that is based on a model of the human auditory system, where we process signals in a way that is natural to the human ear. Under this paradigm, we transform an audio signal in to a perceptual domain, and processes the signal in this perceptual domain. This approach allows us to reduce the background noise and the audible artifacts that are seen in traditional noise-suppression algorithms, while preserving the quality of the processed speech. We develop a single- and dual-microphone algorithm based on this perceptual paradigm, and conduct subjecting tests to show that this approach outperforms traditional noise-suppression techniques. Moreover, we investigate the cause of audible artifacts that are generated as a result of suppressing the noise in noisy signals, and introduce constraints on the noise-suppression gain such that these artifacts are reduced.
174

Development of Sound Database for Fishes in Taiwan by Relational Model

Liou, Yu-lin 31 August 2009 (has links)
The goal of development of sound database for marine fishes in Taiwan not only preserves data, but also wants to provide a common ground of data sharing to increase the efficiency for the study of fish behavior, automatic recognition, localization, and tracking. In order to provide the sound quality in terms of signal-to-noise ratio to users, the fish sound recording will be analyzed before uploading. Because most available data were recorded either in the field or in fish tank, the fish sounds were extracted by using two different automatic detection methods. If fish sound recordings were from the field, the Time Endpoint Detection was applied by the processing a 0.5-s time frame with 50 % overlapping. Then the energy of the time frame was obtained by the sum of square of amplitude and the median of the energy plus a standard deviation was established as the threshold to extract fish sounds. If the recording was made in the fish tank, the Frequency Endpoint Detection was applied by 0.5-s time frame with 50 % overlapping. Then each time frame will be transformed into spectrum and the energy ratio of each frequency will be calculated from the spectrum. Finally the information entropy was obtained from the energy ratio and the detection threshold was set on standard deviation above the median of the information entropy. From two different automatic detection methods, the sound quality was presented in the signal-to-noise ratio, which was the average power of signal divided by average power of the background noise. The fish sound database was a 3-Tier system and developed by PHP and MySQL. In order to reduce the storage size and maintain the integrity of data, the Relational Model was applied. Firstly, the recording data were conceptually represented as Entity-Relationship Diagram(ERD). Secondly, the ERD was transformed to relational schemas. Thirdly, the schemas was normalized by first, second, and third forms. To improve the users¡¦ efficiency the sound database provides three interfaces. One was data uploading, another was data searching according to the keyword of creature name, recording area, and recording time, the other was data comparing by recording number.
175

K parazitickým slovům v české slovní zásobě / Fillers in Czech Vocabulary

PILOUŠKOVÁ, Darina January 2015 (has links)
This paper deals with defining and mapping of fillers in the Czech vocabulary. It also analyzes its problematic function in Czech language system. The analysis is divided into two parts- methodology and research. The first part is dedicated to fillers' purpose in the Czech vocabulary and classification of fillers into word classes. It also deals with other linguistic publications on this topic. The research is aiming to analyze certain authentic speeches and to specify the position of fillers in the communication of Czech speakers.
176

Poluição sonora na escola: perceber, apreciar, conscientizar e reciclar sons para musicalizar / Noise pollution in school: realize, appreciate, awareness and recycle sounds to musicalizar

Crispim, Deise da Costa January 2016 (has links)
CRISPIM, Deise da Costa. Poluição sonora na escola: perceber, apreciar, conscientizar e reciclar sons para musicalizar. 2016. 46f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes (PROFARTES), Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-25T12:41:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dccrispim.pdf: 790803 bytes, checksum: 35152f018e4e48e94784bb2e34ee161f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-05-02T18:11:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dccrispim.pdf: 790803 bytes, checksum: 35152f018e4e48e94784bb2e34ee161f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-02T18:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dccrispim.pdf: 790803 bytes, checksum: 35152f018e4e48e94784bb2e34ee161f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This work is represented by a pedagogical proposal and takes music education as object of study, as far as musicalization is concerned, and it also takes noise pollution as its starting point. For this reason, this work exposes, reflects, reports and proposes activities related to the subject, using it as a tool of perception, appreciation, awareness and music learning by means of sounds. It addresses relevant questions about the soundscape by bringing music educators, such as Schafer, Swanwick and Fonterrada, and by dialoguing and reflecting on the process of music teaching and learning. Concurrently, this work brings an account of music teaching in the following municipal schools: Professor BeriloWanderley and Professora Emilia Ramos, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The starting point of this account was the noise pollution, which was represented differently in each municipal school. The experiences and activities developed in this pedagogical proposal were obtained by means of a research project, in a qualitative approach in which materials such as recordings, films, interviews, theoretical musical activities and practices, dynamics were broadly used, among other teaching resources designed to construct and obtain corroborative data described here. / O presente trabalho, representado por uma Proposta Pedagógica, toma como objeto de estudo a educação musical, no que se refere especificamente à musicalização, tendo como ponto de partida a poluição sonora. Para tanto, expõe, reflete, relata e propõe atividades relacionadas ao assunto, utilizando-o como recurso de percepção, apreciação, conscientização e aprendizagem musical, por meio dos sons. Com isso, aborda questões relevantes acerca da paisagem sonora, trazendo educadores musicais, tais como Schafer, Swanwick e Fonterrada, que dialogam e refletem sobre o processo de ensino aprendizagem da música. Concomitantemente, esse estudo apresenta um relato de experiência do ensino de música nas escolas municipais Professor Berilo Wanderley e Emília Ramos, no município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, a partir da poluição sonora, representada diferentemente em cada uma delas. As experiências vivenciadas, bem como as atividades desenvolvidas nesta proposta pedagógica, foram obtidas por meio de um projeto de pesquisa, numa abordagem qualitativa, na qual se utilizou materiais como gravações, filmagens, entrevistas de sondagem, atividades musicais teóricas e práticas, dinâmicas, dentre outros recursos pedagógicos, para construção e obtenção dos dados comprobatórios aqui descritos.
177

Impacto da dor e do ruído articular na qualidade e no custo de vida de indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular / Impact of pain and joint sounds in quality and cost of living for individuals with temporomandibular dysfunction.

Carolina Almeida Rodrigues 07 December 2012 (has links)
A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) acomete uma relativa parcela da população e seus sinais e sintomas podem afetar as atividades rotineiras do indivíduo, com o potencial de gerar transtornos tanto aos serviços de saúde devido ao aumento na demanda quanto à economia devido aos dias perdidos de trabalho por incapacidade temporária do trabalhador. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da dor e dos ruídos articulares na qualidade de vida de indivíduos com DTM. Oitenta indivíduos foram triados no Serviço de Oclusão e Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular da Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (SODAT/FORP-USP). Os sujeitos incluídos na pesquisa foram submetidos ao exame clínico do eixo I do Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD), posteriormente, a severidade da disfunção foi determinada pelo Índice Craniomandibular (ICM) e os sons articulares foram avaliados através da eletrovibratografia (EVG), através do sistema SonoPAK (BioReserch). O impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes foi avaliado através do questionário OHIP-14 e o custo financeiro através do questionário específico. Durante o diagnóstico, maior numero de pacientes (43.75%) apresentaram desordens de disco associadas à desordens musculares, e um índice craniomandibular de 0.519 ± 0.175, com 62,5% dos sujeitos classificados em DTM moderada. Os ruídos articulares foram analisados durante a abertura e fechamento mandibular. Durante a abertura mandibular foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os lados esquerdo e direito, no total integral dos ruídos (56.78 ± 107.65 e 35.89 ± 82.28 no lado esquerdo e direito, respectivamente e p = 0.012), no pico de amplitude (3.71 ± 7.73 no lado esquerdo e 2.42 ± 5.19 no lado direito, p=0.013) e no pico de frequência (71.31 ± 70.41 no lado esquerdo e 52.09 ± 45.35 no lado direito, p=0.011). O fechamento mandibular apresentou diferenças estatísticas entre o lado esquerdo e direito, no total integral dos ruídos (35.77 ± 66.87 no lado esquerdo e 22.10 ± 50.39 no lado direito, p = 0.004), pico de amplitude (2.71 ± 3.49 e 1.97 ± 2.69, lado esquerdo e direito, respectivamente, e p = 0.017) e pico de frequência (47.99 ± 52.46 e 39.14 ± 38.02 lado esquerdo e direito, respectivamente, e p = 0.024). Quando analisado apenas uma articulação, esquerda ou direita houve diferença apenas no lado esquerdo, com maior pico de frequência durante a abertura mandibular (p = 0.019). Com relação ao impacto gerado na qualidade vida dos sujeitos com DTM, segundo a correlação de Spearman entre o OHIP=14 (10.64 ± 5.63) e o ICM (0.519 ± 0.175) houve significância estatística p = 0.019. Além disso, 64 pacientes se submeteram a algum tipo de atendimento previamente ao inicio da pesquisa, 48 deles perderam acima de 30 minutos por atendimento e 46 sujeitos (57.5%) fizeram uso de algum tipo de medicação para dor, sendo que 20 deles recebiam os medicamentos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Pode-se concluir que as disfunções temporomandibulares interferem na qualidade e no custo de vida de indivíduos com DTM. / The temporomandibular disorder (TMD) affects the relative share of the population and its symptoms can affect daily activities of the individual, with the potential to generate both disorders to health services due to increased demand as the economy due to lost days of work temporary disability of the employee. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pain and joint sounds in quality of life of individuals with TMD. Eighty individuals were selected in Service Occlusion and Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction, College of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (SODAT / FORP-USP). The subjects included in the study underwent clinical examination Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC / TMD), subsequently the severity of dysfunction was determined by Craniomandibular Index (CMI) and the joint sounds were evaluated by electrovibratography through the system SonoPAK (BioReserch). The impact on quality of life was evaluated using the OHIP-14 questionnaire and the financial cost through specific questionnaire. During the diagnosis, the greater number of patients (43.75%) had disc disorders associated with muscular disorders, and a craniomandibular index of 0519 ± 0175, with 62.5% of subjects classified as moderate TMD. The joint noises were analyzed during jaw opening and closing. During the opening mandibular statistical differences were observed between the left and right sides, the total integral noise (107.65 ± 56.78 and 35.89 ± 82.28 in the left and right side, respectively, p = 0.012), peak amplitude (3.71 ± 7.73 on the left and 2.42 ± 5.19 on the right side, p = 0.013) and peak frequency (71.31 ± 70.41 and 52.09 on the left side on the right side ± 45.35, p = 0.011). The closing mandibular showed statistical differences between the left and right, total integral noise (35.77 ± 66.87 to 22.10 ± left side and right side in 50.39, p = 0.004), peak amplitude (2.71 ± 1.97 ± 2.69 and 3:49, left and right side, respectively, p = 0.017) and peak frequency (47.99 ± 52.46 and 39.14 ± 38.02 left and right side, respectively, p = 0.024). When analyzed only one joint, left or right difference on the left side only, with higher peak frequency during the opening symptoms (p = 0.019). With respect to the impact generated on quality of life subjects with TMD, according to the Spearman correlation between the OHIP-14 (10.64 ± 5.63) and ICM (0519 ± 0175) was statistically significant at p = 0.019. In addition, 64 patients underwent some type of care previous to the onset of the study, 48 of them lost over 30 minutes for care and 46 subjects (57.5%) had used some type of pain medication, and 20 of them received the medicines of the Unified Health System. One can conclude that temporomandibular disorders affect quality of life and cost of TMD patients.
178

Sensorialidad en instrumentos musicales prehispánicos de la cultura Tumaco del suroccidente colombiano / Sensorialidade nos instrumentos musicais pré-hispânicos da cultura Tumaco do sudoeste colombiano / Sensoriality in pre-hispanic musical instruments of Tumaco culture for colombian southwest

Pinzón Pérez, Nelson Javier 21 February 2017 (has links)
Organização Interamericana de Direitos Humanos - OEA / A interpretação antropológica de instrumentos musicais e do fato cultural que fornece sua fabricação e uso, é relevante para a compreensão da música em sua dimensão simbólica, estética e sensorial. A criação de um instrumento sonoro, permite mostra a importância harmônica e melódica, que produz o instrumento musical, além de estabelecer o contato entre a comunidade pré-hispânica e a paisagem sonora o qual é percebido pelos sentidos. A música na cultura Tumaco, constitue a mostra de um grande grupo das técnicas oleiras para a fabricação de instrumentos musicais, se vislumbrando uma criação útil e simbólica para aqueles artefatos em as sociedades navegantes do Litoral Pacífico Colombiano entre o 300 A.C 300 D.C. Finalmente se escolheram um 23 peças, entre instrumentos e representações musicais, ampliando o âmbito ilustrativo dos artefatos, mostrando o corpo geral externo do instrumento musical; adicionalmente se fizeram provas sonoras de 9 instrumentos musicais, em ótimo estado de conservação, considerando uma percepção visual e sonora contemporânea da sonoridade préhispânica. / La interpretación antropológica de instrumentos musicales y del hecho cultural que propicia su fabricación y uso, es pertinente para la comprensión de la música en su dimensión simbólica, estética y sensorial. La creación de un instrumento sonoro, permite evidenciar la importancia armónica y melódica que produce el instrumento musical, además de establecer el contacto entre la comunidad prehispánica y el entorno sonoro el cual percibe mediante los sentidos. La música en la cultura Tumaco, constituye la evidencia de un gran manejo de las técnicas alfareras para la fabricación de instrumentos musicales, vislumbrándose una creación productiva y simbólica para este tipo de artefactos en sociedades navegantes del Litoral Pacífico Colombiano entre el 300 A.C – 300 D.C. Finalmente se seleccionaron un número de piezas ubicadas en el Museo del oro de Bogotá, de las cuales se realizaron tomas 3D, con scanner Eva Artec 3D de 24 piezas entre instrumentos y representaciones musicales, ampliado el ámbito ilustrativo de las piezas, mostrando el cuerpo general externo de la pieza musical; adicionalmente, se efectuaron pruebas sonoras de 9 instrumentos musicales, en excelente estado de conservación, considerando una perspectiva visual y sonora contemporánea de la sonoridad prehispánica. / Anthropological interpretation of musical instruments and the cultural facts promote their manufacture and use, it's relevant for understand musical, symbolic, aesthetic and sensory dimension. The creation of a sonourus instrument, allow highlight the importance of melodic and harmonic production of musical instrument, on top show the contact between the Pre-Hispanic population and sonourus environment that is perceived by the senses. Music on the Tumaco culture, constitutes evidence of a great technical pottery for the manufacture of musical instruments, glimpse a create production and symbolic for this type of artifacts on the Colombian Pacific coast on sailing communities between 300 BC - 300 AC. Finally was chosen a number of pieces in the Museo del Oro of Bogota of which were took 3D captures with scanner Eva Artec 3D, testing on 24 pieces between instruments and musical representations, broading the illustrative field of the pieces, showing the general body of music artifact. Additionally, it's does tests 9 musical instruments, in excellent conditions, consider a contemporary sound and visual perspective of Pre-Hispanic sound.
179

Estudo das vocalizações de golfinhos-rotadores, Stenella longirostris (Cetacea, Delphinidae), no arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha / Study on the vocalizations of spinner dolphins, Stenella longirostris (Cetacea, Delphinidae), from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago

Fernanda Scarano Camargo 18 April 2008 (has links)
O conhecimento acerca das vocalizações dos odontocetos é extremamente heterogêneo e concentra-se principalmente nas espécies mantidas em cativeiro. Neste estudo, descrevo quantitativamente parte do repertório vocal dos golfinhos-rotadores, Stenella longirostris, que vivem ao redor do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, subdividido nos seguintes elementos: assobios, grasnidos emitidos na faixa audível e grasnidos emitidos pelos machos durante a corte. Além disso, avaliei a influência tantos dos diferentes sistemas de gravação e análise de dados, quanto da escolha, interpretação e extração de variáveis por diferentes pesquisadores na variabilidade dos assobios e grasnidos emitidos por golfinhosrotadores. Para avaliar a variabilidade dos assobios desta população de golfinhos-rotadores, uma série de análises quantitativas foi conduzida. Nove variáveis foram extraídas de cada contorno de assobio selecionado aleatoriamente. Os valores médios observados foram muito similares àqueles reportados por OSWALD et al. (2003) para golfinhos-rotadores do Oceano Pacífico Tropical Oriental e apresentaram diferença significativa apenas em relação a freqüência máxima dos assobios. Com relação aos grasnidos, amostras foram selecionadas aleatoriamente e destas foram extraídas oito variáveis. Uma série de análises quantitativas foram então conduzidas para avaliar a variabilidade destas emissões. Os valores obtidos para cada uma das variáveis diferiram dos valores previamente reportados para a espécie, mas as razões para esta variação são ainda desconhecidas. Na busca de indícios sobre a função dos grasnidos no comportamento reprodutivo, eu dividi os grasnidos gravados em duas categorias: corte e não-corte. Grasnidos de corte foram aqueles sons gravados na presença de grupos de golfinhos compostos por uma ou duas fêmeas e por vários machos, engajados em comportamento de corte. Grasnidos de não-corte eram todos aqueles gravados em outros comportamentos ou situações. Os resultados obtidos mostraram diferenças significativas entre as duas categorias tanto nas análises univariadas, quanto na Análise Discriminante (AD), pelo menos quanto à duração e ao número de pulsos. Além disso, a AD mostrou que 98% das amostras foram corretamente classificadas nessas categorias. Estes resultados reforçam a idéia de que os grasnidos são usados em contextos sociais, especialmente em situações aflitivas e exaltam a importância da identificação do emissor dos sinais, assim como o uso de equipamentos de gravação de amplo espectro de freqüência. Por fim, realizei uma série de testes para avaliar a metodologia de gravação e análise de sons. Para isso, gravei as emissões utilizando dois sistemas distintos de gravação, ambos com taxa de amostragem de 48 kHz. Além disso, dois pesquisadores diferentes extraíram as variáveis de um mesmo grupo de amostras e os resultados obtidos para cada pesquisador, bem como para cada sistema foram comparados. Os resultados mostraram que, para os assobios, houve diferenças significativas entre as análises de cada pesquisador, quanto à às variáveis freqüência mínima, freqüência final e duração. Ao comparar os resultados obtidos pelos diferentes sistemas de gravação, notei que a duração apresentou diferenças significativas. Quanto aos grasnidos, notei uma diferença significativa no número de amostras de qualidade gravadas por cada um dos sistemas de gravação. Entretanto, as amostras gravadas em ambos os sistemas não apresentaram diferenças significativas em nenhuma das variáveis extraídas, tampouco foram observadas diferenças entre os diferentes pesquisadores. Acredito que o conhecimento gerado aqui contribuirá para uma melhor compreensão dos padrões de variação da espécie e servirá como base para uma série de outros estudos comparativos. / Knowledge on odontocete vocalizations is extremely heterogeneous and centered mainly in those species kept in captivity. In this study, I describe quantitatively part of the vocal repertoire of the spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, off Brazil, subdivided in the following elements: whistles, burst-pulses emitted in the aural range, and burst-pulses emitted by males during courtship. Furthermore, I evaluated the influence of different recording and analysis systems, and the choice, interpretation and extraction of the acoustic variables by different researchers in the variability of whistles and burst-pulses emitted by spinner dolphins. To evaluate the variability of whistles emitted by this population, a series of quantitative analyses was conducted. Nine variables were extracted from each randomly selected whistle contour. The mean values observed were very similar to those reported by OSWALD et al. (2003) for the spinner dolphins from Eastern Tropical Pacific and presented significant differences only in relation to the maximum frequency of the whistles. I extracted eight variables from randomly selected burst-pulsed sound samples. A series of quantitative analyses were conducted to evaluate the variability of these emissions. The values obtained from each of the variables differed from previously data reported for the species, but the reasons to this variation are still unknown. In the search of any signs of burstpulse functions in reproductive behaviors, I divided the recorded burst-pulses in two categories: court and no-court pulses. Court bursts were those sounds recorded in the presence of groups of dolphins composed by one or two females and several males, engaged in courtship behavior. No-court bursts were all those recorded in other behaviors or situations. The results showed significant differences between the two categories in univariate analysis and also in the Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). The DFA also showed that 98% of the samples were correctly classified in these categories. These results reinforce the idea that burst-pulsed sounds are used in social contexts, specially in afflictive situations, and exalt the importance of identifying the signal emitter, as well as using wide frequency capable recording equipment. Finally, I performed a series of tests to evaluate the methodology of recording and sound analysis. To achieve this, I recorded the sound emissions using two different recording systems, both with sample rate of 48 kHz. Furthermore, two rsearchers extracted the variables of a group of samples, and the results from each researcher and each recording system were compared. Taking into account the whistles, the results showed that there were significant differences between the researchers on duration, minimum and final frequencies recorded. I compared the results obtained by different recording systems and noticed that the sound duration presented significant differences. With respect to burst-pulses, I noticed a significant difference in the number of samples with quality recorded by each of the recording systems. However, the samples recorded in both systems didn\'t show any difference in none of the extracted variables, nor there were observed differences between researchers. I believe that the knowledge produced here will contribute to the comprehension of variation patterns, and will also serve as a basis to further comparative studies.
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Paisagem sonora além da audição: representações sonoras urbanas das pessoas surdas

Oliveira, Juliana Simili de 30 November 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-08-17T11:42:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 julianasimilideoliveira.pdf: 12854204 bytes, checksum: bb1d07ff2ea82614b92f9de478adac80 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-17T11:43:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 julianasimilideoliveira.pdf: 12854204 bytes, checksum: bb1d07ff2ea82614b92f9de478adac80 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:43:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 julianasimilideoliveira.pdf: 12854204 bytes, checksum: bb1d07ff2ea82614b92f9de478adac80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-30 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / Esta Tese trata do tema da surdez sob o viés socioantropológico e tem como objetivo geral compreender quem é o sujeito surdo e como este se relaciona com o espaço, principalmente no que se refere às sonoridades urbanas: como as pessoas surdas sentem, percebem, interpretam e representam os sons que os rodeiam. A partir do pressuposto de que o espaço arquitetônico e o espaço urbano são espaços sensíveis, podendo ser percebidos, interpretados e representados culturalmente, tem-se como hipótese deste trabalho a convicção de que pessoa surda é capaz de vivenciar e organizar os sons existentes no espaço, gerando uma construção sensível e cultural da paisagem sonora. Desta forma, esta Tese constitui-se como sendo uma Pesquisa Exploratória, com abordagem interdisciplinar e qualitativa. A metodologia geral da pesquisa foi organizada em duas partes: estruturação de aporte teórico e desenvolvimento de Estudo de Caso. O estudo de caso foi desenvolvido a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e de Passeios Sonoros Comentados com surdos congênitos e pré-linguísticos. Através da análise dos resultados foi possível constatar que os sons são interpretados e representados por meio de leituras auditivas, cinestésicas, visuais, mas sempre culturais. Grande parte das representações das paisagens sonoras urbanas são compartilhadas pelos surdos, os quais “constroem” eventos sonoros a partir “sensações sonoras”, ou seja, percepções do corpo, mas também da mente. Assim, por meio dos resultados do estudo de caso e do aporte teórico, foi possível concluir que existe um compartilhamento das representações sonoras vivenciadas pelos surdos em seu cotidiano, a partir de uma construção sensível e cultural de uma Paisagem Sonora além da Audição. / This Thesis deals with deafness under the socio-anthropological perspective, and the general objective is to understand who the deaf subjects are and how they relate to space, especially regarding sonorities: how deaf people feel, perceive, interpret and represent the sounds that surround them. Considering that the architectural and the urban spaces are sensitive spaces that can be perceived, interpreted and represented culturally, the hypothesis of this work is that the deaf person experiences and organizes the existing sounds in space through a sensitive and cultural construction of the soundscape. Thus, this Thesis is exploratory with an interdisciplinary and qualitative approach. The general methodology of the research was organized in two parts: theoretical structuring and case study development. The case study was developed from a semi-structured interview and Commented Soundwalking with deaf people. Based on the results, it was verified that the sounds are interpreted and represented by auditory, kinesthetic and visual reading, but always through cultural means. What is understood by a deaf person as a producer or transmitter of a sound event, will not always mean the same for a hearing person. However, the relativized reading made by the deaf people identifies these elements as a "sonorous sensation” that makes them feel the sounds through their body and mind. From the results of the case study and the theoretical support, it was possible to conclude that there is a correlation of the sound representations experienced by the deaf in their daily lives from a sensitive and cultural construction of a Soundscape beyond the Hearing.

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