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Strategies to Minimize the Bullwhip Effect in the Electronic Component Supply ChainOnuoha, Augustina Tina 01 January 2018 (has links)
Supply chain leaders in the information technology industry face challenges regarding their ability to mitigate amplified demand and supply variability in a supply chain network--the bullwhip effect--and reduce adverse implications on their component supply chain networks. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies supply chain leaders in the United States used to reduce the bullwhip effect. Bullwhip effect theory served as the conceptual framework. Participants in the study were 5 purposefully selected supply chain leaders in the state of Texas who successfully implemented strategies to reduce the bullwhip effect on their networks. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and analysis of documents from the participants' websites. The data were analyzed using the 5 data analysis steps consistent with Yin's approach: collection, stratification, reassembly, interpretation, and conclusion. Four themes emerged from data analysis: (a) collaboration strategy, (b) communication strategy, (c) component shortage reduction strategy, and (d) resource management strategy. Supply chain leaders might use the findings of this study to reduce the bullwhip effect within their networks and improve their profitability. The implications for positive social change include the potential for leaders to improve environmental sustainability by using effective supply chain strategies to reduce the accumulation of excess inventories, reduce transportation fuel usage, and lessen the consumption of natural resources.
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Fighting Urban Blight through Community Engagement and GISReece, Kristie M. January 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Responsible Sourcing via Blockchain in Mineral Supply Chains / Hållbar utvinning via blockkedjor inom minerallogistikkedjorGrimstad Bang, Tove, Johansson, Axel January 2019 (has links)
Manufacturers and suppliers in the tech industry, trading and utilizing minerals, are often unable to conduct substantial supply chain due diligence, due to reasons such as lack of competence, the scattered spread of information and fluid nature of their supply chains. Declaring whether a product has been responsibly sourced, or whether it contains conflict minerals or not, is almost impossible. This study is an exploration of the potential role of blockchain in mineral supply chain management, as a supplementary tool for carrying out due diligence. Well-performed supply chain due diligence should demand continuous status records of various measures of social sustainability, identifying impacts on human well-being. So, how may a blockchain solution for traceability in a mineral supply chain contribute towards ensuring responsible sourcing? Blockchain provides traceability of transactions through its immutable chain structure, and knowing an asset’s origin is vital in order to carry out supply chain due diligence. While the blockchain network has the potential to provide information on the digitally registered flow of an asset, the validity of the information of the physical and social qualities of the asset remains dependent on the actor adding it to the blockchain, leading to an inherent problem regarding the interface between the digital and the physical world, in application of blockchain in supply chains. Through a background study and interviews with researchers and professionals, this study proposes a set of requirements to take into account while addressing responsible sourcing via a blockchain solution. The study finds that a blockchain alone cannot ensure responsible sourcing, and further provides insight into the challenges and opportunities present in the industry and discusses the suitability of potential solutions. / Tillverkare och leverantörer inom techindustrin, som handlar med och drar nytta utav mineraler, är ofta oförmögna att genomföra djupgående företagsgranskningar i sina logistikkedjor, på grund av exempelvis kompetensbrist, vida utspridd information och kedjornas flytande natur. Att säkerställa ifall en produkt har utvunnits på ett hållbart sätt eller huruvida den innehåller konfliktmineraler är i det närmaste omöjligt. Denna studie utforskar blockkedjeteknikens potentiella roll i leverantörskedjor för mineraler, som ett kompletterande verktyg för att genomföra företagsgranskningar. Välgenomförda granskningar bör inkludera fortlöpande statusprotokoll för olika åtgärder gällande social hållbarhet, som identifierar utvinningens påverkan på mänskligt välmående. Så, hur kan en blockkedjelösning för spårbarhet i en leverantörskedja för mineraler bidra till att säkerställa hållbar utvinning? En blockkedja möjliggör spårbarhet av transaktioner genom sin oföränderliga kedjestruktur; samtidigt är kännedom om ursprunget hos en resurs avgörande för att genomföra företagsgranskningar i logistikkedjor. Ett blockkedjenätverk har potential att tillhandahålla information gällande det digitalt registrerade flödet hos en resurs, men informationens validitet gällande dess fysiska och sociala kvaliteter är fortsatt beroende av aktören som registrerar resursen på blockkedjan, vilket leder till ett ofrånkomligt problem gällande gränssnittet mellan den digitala och fysiska världen vid applicering av blockkedjor i leverantörskedjor. Utifrån en litteraturgenomgång och intervjuer med forskare och professionella, så föreslås i denna studie en kravlista att ta hänsyn till ifall blockkedjelösningar ska användas för att understödja hållbar utvinning. Studien visar att en blockkedja på egen hand ej kan säkerställa hållbar utvinning och ger vidare insikt i utmaningar och möjligheter inom industrin, samt diskuterar lämpligheten för potentiella blockkedjelösningar i dessa sammanhang.
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Supply Chain Relationships and Refurbishing in the Healthcare Supply ChainDe Jong, Jurriaan L. 08 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Sustainability and Resilience in Family Businesses : How do family businesses integrate sustainability into their resilient sourcing strategies?Wuest, Marie January 2022 (has links)
Abstract Background: Supply chain resilience and sustainability have rarely been considered together, neither in literature nor in practice. The need to pursue both approaches is partly due to end- customer pressure for more sustainable practices. Also, Covid-19 demonstrated the importance of a resilient supply chain, especially upstream, which brings sourcing into focus. To achieve both, sourcing strategies need to be effectively changed. This is a challenge especially for family businesses, as they hold on to traditional values and are reluctant to make investments. Purpose: Efforts to achieve resilience and sustainability in sourcing are often accompanied by conflicting goals. In addition, family businesses have special characteristics with a strong focus on social capital. This mentioned combination has not yet been addressed in the literature, which is why the aim of this thesis is to find out how sustainability is integrated into the resilient sourcing strategies of family businesses. Method: To achieve the research objective, a multiple case-study with family businesses from Germany is conducted. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews are used. CPOs or CEOs of different case companies are asked, how they integrate sustainability into their resilient sourcing structures. Conclusion: The result of our study is a pool of different sourcing strategies of the considered family businesses, which are almost exclusively sustainable. This is due to the nature of a family business, which automatically generates sustainability through values such as regionality and long-term orientation. Awareness of the sustainability level of sourcing strategies reveals trade-offs and thus helps practitioners to use them effectively.
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Cost Engineering Strategies for Industrial Sourcing / Strategier för kostnadsestimeringteknik inom industriellt inköpLindved, Erik, Rolén, Jakob January 2019 (has links)
The art of estimating and managing costs is commonly referred to as cost engineering which is a vital tool to counteract cost uncertainty. Current research within the area mainly focuses on the cost estimation techniques themselves and the strategic implications have not yet been studied in-depth, nor been set into relation to traditional sourcing strategies. This study investigates how cost engineering should be used strategically within industrial sourcing. The research is conducted as a three-staged case study at a manufacturing company, including a qualitative part consisting of a literature review, interviews and analysis of artefacts, and a quantitative part consisting of a multiple regression analysis and a Welch-ANOVA test. The results from this study include a list of procurement attributes that a↵ect cost uncertainty and an assessment of their impact as well as insights on how cost engineering usage affect negotiation dynamics and supplier relationships. As a part of the study’s discussion, a strategic framework for cost engineering focus within industrial sourcing during the different phases of the product life cycle is presented. The proposed strategy involves insights on what cost engineering actions that have to be taken, which types of components the efforts should be focused on and what prerequisites that have to be present. The study shows that inter-organisation sharing of cost data, supplier relationships, changes in purchasing volume and product life cycle phase are of central importance when focusing cost engineering resources. / Hantverket att uppskatta och hantera kostnader är vanligtvis benämnt kostnadsestimeringsteknik vilket är ett viktigt verktyg för att motverka kostnadsosäkerhet. Befintlig forskning inom området behandlar i huvudsak teknikerna för kostnadsestimering i sig och de strategiska implikationerna har varken utretts på djupet eller satts i relation till traditionella inköpsstrategier. Denna studie undersöker hur kostnadsestimeringsteknik ska användas strategiskt inom industriellt inköp. Forskningen är bedriven som en fallstudie i tre delar på ett tillverkande företag och innehåller en kvalitativ del bestående av en litteraturstudie, en intervjustudie samt en analys av artefakter. Detta kompletteras med en kvantitativ statistisk analys innehållande en multipel linjär regressionanalys samt ett Welch-ANOVA-test. Resultaten från denna studie inkluderar en lista med inköpsfaktorer som påverkar kostnadsosäkerhet och ett fastställande av deras påverkan. Detta kompletteras med insikter angående hur användandet av kostnadsestimeringar påverkar förhandlingssituationer och leverantörsrelationer. Som en del av studiens diskussion presenteras ett strategiskt ramverk för hur man bör fokuera arbetet med kostnadsestimeringsteknik under de olika faserna i produktlivscykeln. Den föreslagna strategin involverar förslag på hur kostnadsestimeringsteknik bör användas, vilken typ av komponenter insatserna bör fokusera på samt vilka förutsättningar som måste finnas på plats. Studien visar att interorganisationellt delande av kostnadsdata, leverantörsrelationer, förändring i inköpsvolym och fas i produktlivscykeln är centrala faktorer som påverkar hur resurser för kostnadsestimeringsteknik ska fördelas.
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Globala försörjningsbeslut i en industriell kontext / Global sourcing decision within an industrial contextBlomkvist, Klas, Cervall, Samuel January 2016 (has links)
Purpose – The purpose with this study is to investigate which factors that needs to be considered for sourcing decisions to ensure an optimal long-term decision, and which of these factors that can be quantified in a product costing model. To fulfill this purpose two research questions have been proposed: Which factors needs to be considered for a sourcing decision? Which of these factors that needs to be considered can be quantified in a product costing model? Method – A case study was conducted to fulfill the purpose of this study. The case study produced empirical data through interviews and document studies. The empirical data was interpreted and analyzed on the basis of the theoretical framework, created through literature studies. This process produced the result of this study. Findings – Factors to be considered for a sourcing decision have been identified and categorized in four over-arching categories: unit cost, logistical factors, capability factors and risk factors. These factors have been quantified in a product costing model. A preparatory decision model was created to further integrate some risk factors that could not be quantified. Implications – Both the make or buy decision and the manufacturing location decision have been considered in the product costing model presented in this study. The product costing model visualize and take into account hidden costs, rarely considered in sourcing decisions. This further enables optimal long-term sourcing decisions. Limitations – Risk factors remain difficult to quantify. This makes it difficult to determine the cost of risk factors, and as a result of that, to include them in a product costing model. Companies with similar conditions suites the model since the case study was conducted at only one company. Whether the product costing model is true for business in other contexts remain uncertain. / Syfte – Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka faktorer som bör beaktas vid ett försörjningsbeslut för att säkerställa ett långsiktigt korrekt beslut och vilka av dessa som kan kvantifieras i en kalkylmodell. För att uppfylla syftet har följande två frågeställningar formulerats: Vilka faktorer bör beaktas vid ett försörjningsbeslut? Vilka av dessa faktorer som bör beaktas kan kvantifieras i en kalkylmodell? Metod – För att uppfylla studiens syfte genomfördes en fallstudie. Med hjälp av intervjuer och dokumentstudier har fallstudien genererat empirisk data. Utifrån det teoretiska ramverket, som skapats genom litteraturstudier, har data tolkats och analyserats. Detta har gett upphov till studiens resultat. Resultat – Faktorer som bör beaktas vid ett försörjningsbeslut har identifierats och kategoriserats i fyra övergripande kategorier: enhetskostnad, logistikfaktorer, kapabilitetsfaktorer och riskfaktorer. Dessa faktorer har kvantifierats i en kalkylmodell. För vissa riskfaktorer som är svåra att kvantifiera har en förberedande beslutsmodell skapats. Implikationer – Kalkylmodellen som presenteras i denna studie beaktar både tillverka/köp-beslutet och lokaliseringsbeslutet. Kalkylmodellen tar hänsyn till dolda kostnader som sällan beaktas vid dessa typer av beslut. Detta möjliggör ett långsiktigt korrekt försörjningsbeslut. Begränsningar – Riskfaktorer är fortsatt svåra att kvantifiera och därmed kostnadsbestämma. Detta gör det svårt att inkludera dem i en kalkylmodel. Då fallstudien genomfördes på endast ett fallföretag är kalkylmodellen lämpad för företag med liknande förutsättningar. Det är därför svårt att säga hur väl kalkylmodellen stämmer för företag i andra kontexter.
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An Analysis of IT Sourcing Practices: Identification and Exploration of Cultural Distance as a Key Factor in IT Outsourcing EngagementsKönning, Michael 01 December 2020 (has links)
Information technology outsourcing (ITO) can be defined as “the commissioning of a third party (or a number of third parties) to manage a client organization’s IT assets, people, and/or activities […] to required results” (Fitzgerald and Willcocks, 1994). It has been a pivotal topic on Chief Information Officers’ (CIO) agendas ever since Eastman Kodak’s decision to hand over their information systems function to IBM, DEC, Anderson Consulting, and Businessland in 1989. Never before had such a wellknown company that considered IT as a strategic asset handed over responsibility for it to an external partner (Applegate, 1992). The deal showed that ITO can constitute an alternative to managing complex Information Technology (IT) systems in-house (Kern and Willcocks, 2000) and subsequently led executives across different industries to follow suit and sign large contracts worth multiple hundred million dollars. The “Kodak effect” served as a starting point to what would become an important strategic matter for IT managers to consider (Caldwell, 1994). 30 years later, ITO has developed into a common practice for organizations of all sizes, industries, and geographies (Qi and Chau, 2013). Over the course of three decades, practitioners have come to appreciate ITO especially for its advantages in terms of cost, flexibility, and the possibility to capitalize on external capabilities (Martins et al., 2015; Schneider and Sunyaev, 2016). Today, virtually every Fortune 500 company2 and many large public institutions outsource a significant portion of their IT services (Patil and Wongsurawat, 2015). As a consequence, an entire global industry has evolved around ITO, with annual growth rates of around 10% and an estimated market size of around 320 billion US dollars in 2015 (Faisal and Raza, 2016). The increasing relevance of ITO in practice has also attracted considerable research that has explored various aspects of outsourcing, including common motivations, outcomes, success factors, benefits, and risks (Dibbern et al., 2004; Gonzalez et al., 2006; Lacity et al., 2009; Lacity et al., 2010; Lacity et al., 2016; Liang et al., 2015).
Notwithstanding its three decades of existence, however, ITO remains a dynamic phenomenon that is subject to the ongoing rapid developments in the economic and societal environment in which it is embedded. Major developments in the field of IT, particularly the ever-progressing digitalization and the rise of IT-centered and -enabled business models (Bughin et al., 2019; Harvey Nash/KPMG, 2018; Legner et al., 2017), require adequate consideration in IT sourcing decision-making.
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Implementering av händelsedrivenarkitektur och händelsekällor för hälsodata / Implementation of event driven architecture and event sourcing for health dataKarlström, Kasper, Dewitsegid, Samsom January 2024 (has links)
Dagens hälso- och sjukvårdssystem är byggda som en traditionell monolit men det finns fler sätt att utveckla dessa system på. Händelsedriven arkitektur med händel-sekällor för lagring av data är ett modernt sätt att utveckla system. Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka om den modernare arkitekturen skulle kunna vara lämpligt och säkert alternativ för hälso- och sjukvårdssystem. För att undersöka detta gjordes en litteraturstudie inom relevanta områden som händelsedriven arki-tektur, händelsekällor, mikrotjänster och monolitiska system. Resultatet ifrån litteraturstudien gav att det finns andra beprövade koncept från andra problemområden, så som säker kommunikation och säker lagring med spår-barhet, som om de användes med händelsedriven arkitektur skulle uppnå kraven för hälsosektorn. Forskningsfrågan kan besvaras positivt baserat på den genomförda lit-teraturstudien. Därtill utvecklades en enkel prototyp, som utan att innehålla säker-hetsaspekter, gör det lätt att observera för och nackdelar med händelsedrivna lös-ningar jämfört med exempelvis traditionella monolitiska lösningar. / Today's healthcare systems are built as a traditional monolith, but there are more ways to develop these systems. Event driven architecture with event sourcing for sto-ring data is a modern way of developing systems. The purpose of this work is to in-vestigate whether the more modern architecture could be a suitable and safe alter-native for healthcare systems. To investigate this, a literature study was conducted in relevant areas such as event driven architecture, event sources, microservices and monolithic systems. The result of the literature study showed that there are other proven concepts from other problem areas, such as secure communication and secure storage with tracea-bility, which if used with event driven architecture would meet the requirements of the health sector. The research question can be answered positively based on the completed literature study. In addition, a simple prototype was developed, which, without containing security aspects, makes it easy to observe the pros and cons of event driven solutions compared to, for example, traditional monolithic solutions.
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Comparison between CRUD and CQRS in an event driven system / Jämförelse mellan CRUD och CQRS i ett event drivet systemJansson, Rasmus January 2024 (has links)
In todays digitalised society, effective solutions to manage huge amount of data is needed. An established design pattern that are used in many systems are CRUD. To handle data in events have become more popular over the years, but CRUD is not optimised for it. A possible replacement is CQRS, it is designed with events in mind. The purpose of the report is to see if CQRS can replace CRUD. The report shows that when it comes to an event driven system using event sourcing, CQRS is recommended. Reason being CQRS is more compatible with events then CRUD. CRUD is more designed around data driven design and therefor is a better fit for other systems. / I dagens digitaliserade samhälle krävs effektiva lösningar för att behandla stora mängder data. Ett etablerat designmönster som används i många system är CRUD. Att hantera data i händelser är något som har blivit alltmer populärt, men CRUD är inte optimerad kring just det. En möjlig ersättare är CQRS, som är designad med event i åtanke. Målet med denna rapport är att se om CQRS kan ersätta CRUD i ett händelsebaserat system. Rapporten visar att när det kommer till ett händelsedrivet system som använder händelsekällor, så är rekommendationen att använda CQRS. Detta för att CQRS är mer kompatibel med händelser än CRUD. CRUD är mer designat runt data driven design och funkar därför bättre med andra typer av system.
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