Orientador: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes / Resumo: Myracrodruon urundeuva é uma espécie arbórea nativa suscetível à extinção. O objetivo foi avaliar a variação genética para caracteres silviculturais, a sobrevivência e a proporção sexual, em dois testes de progênies de M. urundeuva, visando fornecer subsídios para conservação ex situ. Foram analisadas 30 progênies em dois testes de progênies em sistemas de plantio distintos - misto (TP-MUE) e homogêneo (TP-DES). Os caracteres silviculturais avaliados foram altura (ALT), diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP), diâmetro médio de copa (DMC), sobrevivência (SOB), número de árvores com florescimento masculino (Nm), feminino (Nf), árvores monóicas (Mo) e sem florescimento (Sf). As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos foram obtidas pelo procedimento REML/BLUP. A taxa de SOB foi alta para os dois testes (> 80%). A média para ALT variou de 7,58 m (TP-MUE) a 10,02 m (TP-DES); para DAP de 8,24 cm (TP-MUE) a 10,91 cm (TP-DES). A herdabilidade da média de progênies variou de moderada a alta (0,39 a 0,72). No TP-MUE, a proporção sexual foi de 2♂:1♀ e no TP-DES de 4♂:1♀. O tamanho efetivo (Ne) do TP-MUE representou 38% do Ne esperado e no TP-DES foi de 12%. Existe variabilidade genética para conservação genética ex situ de M. urundeuva a curto prazo. / Abstract: Myracrodruon urundeuva is a native tree species susceptible to extinction. The objective was to evaluate the genetic variation for silvicultural traits, survival and sex ratio, in two tests of progenies of Myracrodruon urundeuva, aiming to provide subsidies for ex situ conservation. Thirty progenies were analyzed in two progeny tests in different planting systems - mixed (TP-MUE) and homogeneous (TP-DES). The silvicultural characters evaluated were height (ALT), diameter at breast height (DBH), average crown diameter (DMC), survival (SOB), number of trees with male flowering (Nm), female (Nf), modern trees (Mo) and without flowering (Sf). Estimates of genetic parameters were obtained using the REML / BLUP procedure. The SOB rate was high for both tests (> 80%). The mean for ALT ranged from 7.58 m (TP-MUE) to 10.02 m (TP-DES); for 8.24 cm DAP (TP-MUE) to 10.91 cm (TP-DES). The heritability of the average of progenies varied from moderate to high (0.39 to 0.72). In the TP-MUE, the sex ratio was 2♂: 1♀ and in the TP-DES 4♂: 1♀. The effective size (Ne) of the TP-MUE represented 38% of the expected Ne and in the TP-DES it was 12%. Therefore, there is genetic variability for ex situ genetic conservation of M. urundeuva in the short term. / Mestre

Territoriality in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is studied in the laboratory. In rectangular enclosures, male flies exhibit a lower tolerance (occupation of the same physical space) of same-sex conspecifics than do females. In circular arenas, male flies show significantly higher levels of spatial separation among themselves (as determined from nearest neighbour analyses) than do females: males show a slight tendency towards a uniform distribution, whereas females exhibit a slight tendency towards clustering. The male spatial behaviour occurs during the photophase but not the scotophase, suggesting that visual cues are required for maintenance of inter-individual spacing. No significant differences in male spacing behaviour occur between subjective day and subjective night in either constant dark or constant light conditions, suggesting that spatial patterning is not driven by a circadian rhythm.

This work presents an analysis of arrival sequencing at Stockholm Arlanda airport. Thesequencing of arrivals is very important part of air traffic control management and assuressafe space and time distancing of arriving aircraft. In this work we use historical flight datafrom Opensky Network database. The historical flight data contains the information about allthe arrivals of the year 2018. The aim of this work is to propose the key performanceindicators (KPIs) for evaluation of the arrival sequencing at Stockholm Arlanda airport. Thethree KPIs we are considering in this work are the minimum time to final, spacing deviationand sequence pressure. We choose data subsets of different size representing different trafficsituations. We visualize the results and summarize them in tables which assures better clarityfor the comparison of the same KPIs for different data subsets. In addition, we demonstratehow the proposed KPIs can be used for evaluation of optimization results from related study.We conclude that the proposed KPIs are very useful for analysis of the arrival aircraftsequencing and help to uncover inefficiencies within the terminal manoeuvring area (TMA).

In 1991, A. Máté precisely calculated the first-order asymptotic behavior of the sequence of Christoffel functions associated with Szego measures on the unit circle. Our principal goal is the abstraction of his result in two directions: We compute the translated asymptotics, limn λn(µ, x + a/n), and obtain, as a corollary, a universality limit for the fairly broad class of Szego weights. Finally, we prove Máté’s result for measures supported on smooth curves in the plane. Our proof of the latter derives, in part, from a precise estimate of certain weighted means of the Faber polynomials associated with the support of the measure. Finally, we investigate a variety of applications, including two novel applications to ill-posed problems in Hilbert space and the mean ergodic theorem.

Sibling relationship quality is affected by several variables, such as gender, age spacing, marital conflicts, parenting, and parent-child relationship, which simultaneously influence personality and developmental outcomes. Furthermore, sibling relationships can significantly influence the social climate of the family and vice versa. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of household composition (1-parent home vs. 2-parent home) and the number of years between siblings ages on sibling relationship quality, and to determine whether parental conflict response management strategies differ between single-parent and 2-parent homes. The participants were 124 adult mothers with at least 2 children. Participants provided demographic information and completed the Parental Expectations and Perceptions of Children's Sibling Relationships Questionnaire to measure sibling relationship quality and the Parental Conflict Management Strategies to measure parental responses to sibling conflict. The 4 research questions were assessed using a quantitative design that used 2-factor multivariate analysis of variance and a chi-square test of independence. The result revealed that household type affected sibling rivalry such that 1-parent households reported less sibling rivalry than 2-parent households. The results also showed that there is no preference for any specific conflict management strategy for sibling conflict among single-parent and two-parent households. Social change implications may result from this study based on a better understanding of how sibling relationship quality has been affected by different family dynamics, such as changes in household composition.

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a highly productive crop that is cultivated worldwide for its fibre content which may be used to produce various commodities. The kenaf crop was commercially cultivated in South Africa in the 1950’s, but production was discontinued from the 1960’s up to the mid 2000’s. Production commenced again and kenaf emreged as a “new” fibre crop with the first kenaf processing factory in the country going into production in 2006 in KwaZulu-Natal. Due to the importance of kenaf in manufacturing of various commodities, there was a need to investigate the agronomic practices thereof to ensure sustainable yield. Therefore a two year study (2008/09 and 2009/10 summers) was conducted in Pretoria to investigate the influence of nitrogen, plant population, row spacing and water treatments on kenaf growth, yield, chemical quality and microscopic analysis of the fibre. In total, four field trials were conducted at the Hatfield Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria. In 2008/09 a trial was conducted to investigate effects of plant population (200,000; 300,000 and 400,000 plants ha-1), nitrogen level (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and row spacing (0.17, 0.34 and 0.50 m) under rainfed conditions. Sampling for growth parameters were done at 85, 113 and 126 days after planting (DAP). The biomass and chemical analysis of bark fibre were conducted only at or after the final harvest, at 126 DAP. In general, no clear effect of different treatment was observed on either parameter studied. During 2009/10 three experiments were conducted. The first two had the same nitrogen levels as in the previous season, but were grown either under rainfed or irrigated conditions. The nitrogen was applied as two dressings of 0 and 50 kg ha-1 at planting and 0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 at thinning (35 DAP). The third experiment investigated combinations of plant population (main plots) and row spacing (sub plots) under rainfed conditions. Due to increasing stem yield with increasing plant population during 2008/09, the lowest population of 200,000 plants ha-1 was left out and 500,000 and 600,000 plants ha-1 were added. The same three row spacings as in 2008/09 were used. Nitrogen was applied at 150 kg ha-1, with 50 kg ha-1 at planting and 100 kg ha-1 at thinning. Growth and biomass parameters, water use efficiency (WUE) (nitrogen trial only) were subsequently measured up to the end of the growth cycle. The chemical characteristics of bark fibre and nutrient removal (nitrogen trial only), nutrient use efficiency as well as the nitrogen contents of leaves and stems were determined only once at final harvest. The number of fibre rings and fibre bundles were assessed only once during the growth cycle. Growth and biomass parameters, WUE and both nutrient removal and nutrient use efficiency generally tended to increase with increase in nitrogen level under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. On the other hand, increasing plant population tended to result in a decrease in all growth parameters, while it increased biomass yield per hectare. Finally, the effect of row spacing was inconsistent for the same parameter from one sampling to another one, and from one parameter to another. The chemical characteristics of bark fibre showed inconsistent responses to all agronomic practices. The number of fibre rings and fibre bundles increased with increasing nitrogen level, decreased as plant population increased, but did not show clear trends with regard to row spacing. In general the plants grown under irrigated conditions performed better than those grown under rainfed conditions. The results of this study revealed that under the environmental conditions of Pretoria, nitrogen levels above 100 kg ha-1 applied in two dressings should result in best plant performance, but most benefit could be obtained under irrigated conditions. A plant population of 500,000 plants ha-1 or higher and row spacing wider than 0.34 m proved to be most suitable for both growth and biomass parameters. / Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2015. / tm2015 / Plant Production and Soil Science / MScAgric / Unrestricted

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<p>Globally, the misinformation crisis exposed the need for cognitive researchers to</p> <p>investigate interventions that will mitigate the influence of misinformation within memory. One</p> <p>proposed solution is a retraction, whereby misinformation is indicated to be inaccurate. Previous</p> <p>studies have demonstrated that providing a retraction after misinformation may reduce references</p> <p>to misinformation. The continued reliance on misinformation even after it has been corrected is</p> <p>known as the continued influence effect (CIE). It is unclear whether repeated retractions and the</p> <p>spacing of repeated retractions can reduce the CIE. In the present study, two experiments were</p> <p>conducted to investigate whether spacing repeated retractions among news messages would be</p> <p>more effective at reducing the CIE compared to massing retractions. Both experiments exposed</p> <p>participants to a news story containing misinformation. Each experiment included four retraction</p> <p>conditions: no retraction, a single retraction, or repeated retractions that were spaced or massed.</p> <p>In Experiment 1, a single retraction reduced reliance on misinformation, but we did not observe</p> <p>an additional benefit of repeated retractions when there were two retractions. In Experiment 2, we</p> <p>provided participants with three repeated retractions. Using this stronger manipulation, repeated</p> <p>retractions reduced references to misinformation compared to a single retraction, but there was no</p> <p>benefit of spacing them out. Collectively, our results suggest that repeating corrective messages</p> <p>can help reduce references to misinformation, with no supporting evidence that it matters how</p> <p>the repetitions are organized.</p>

The need for profitable soybean production practices gain continually with increasing input costs and reduced profit margins. Constant cultivar and product developments has resulted in limited current data available regarding the profitability of preventative fungicide applications and physiological benefits that can occur from these applications. Research was conducted during 2017 and 2018 to determine optimal fungicide application timing, while assessing multiple fungicide options and resulting effect on soybean grain yield, seed quality, and profitability. Additional research was conducted to determine optimal row spacing, planting date and fungicide application combinations to maximize soybean production profitability. These data suggest using multi-mode of action fungicide treatments increased soybean grain yield, regardless of application timing. These data also suggest, profitability from application of multi-mode of action fungicides can be observed at lower adjusted market prices.