Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:47:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5985376 bytes, checksum: cf77baf5e807e55caad0d6c10a8b173d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The research aimed to propose a model of decision making that can assist managers in health to take actions for tuberculosis control in João Pessoa. The study was quantitative, ecological, exploratory and cross-sectional, using secondary data from cases of tuberculosis and climate of João Pessoa during the period of 2000-2012. The spatial and spatio-temporal analysis was performed by creating maps of relative risk, spatial and space-time scan. The Spearman correlation was used to measure the degree of association between the incidence rate of tuberculosis and climate variables. The spatial and spatio-temporal analysis was performed by creating maps of relative risk, spatial and space-time scan. The Spearman correlation was used to measure the degree of association between the incidence rate of tuberculosis and climate variables. With the results obtained, a decision model based on fuzzy logic was developed. No trend or seasonality in incidence rates was observed. The spatial analysis detected spatial clusters of high risk in the northern region in almost all months, indicating the existence of a geographical barrier in the region. In spatio-temporal analysis, was detected 12 significant spatio-temporal clusters. With the correlation analysis, found that climatic variables did not exert influence on tuberculosis. The decision model based on fuzzy logic was able to classify accurately the degree of priority for tuberculosis in João Pessoa, supporting health managers to direct their actions to control tuberculosis according to the actual situation of the municipality, in addition the model was constructed to also be used for other places and time periods. / O trabalho teve como objetivo propor um modelo de tomada de decisão que auxilie os gestores de saúde nas ações relacionadas ao controle da Tuberculose no município de João Pessoa-PB. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, ecológico, exploratório e transversal, fazendo uso de dados secundários dos casos de Tuberculose e do clima do município de João Pessoa durante o período de 2000 a 2012. A análise espacial e espaço-temporal foi realizada mediante a criação de mapas de risco relativo, Scan espacial e espaço-temporal. A correlação de Spearman foi usada para medir o grau de associação entre a taxa de incidência de Tuberculose e as variáveis climáticas. Com os resultados obtidos, foi elaborado um modelo de decisão baseado em lógica fuzzy. Não foi observado tendência ou sazonalidade nas taxas de incidência. A análise espacial detectou conglomerados espaciais de alto risco na região norte em praticamente todos os meses, indicando a existência de uma barreira geográfica na região. Na análise espaço-temporal foram detectados 12 conglomerados significativos. Com a análise de correlação, verificou-se que as variáveis climáticas não exerciam influência sobre a Tuberculose em João Pessoa-PB. O modelo de decisão baseado em lógica fuzzy foi capaz de classificar os graus de prioridade para tuberculose no município de João Pessoa-PB. Espera-se que esses resultados auxiliem os gestores de saúde a direcionar suas ações para o controle da Tuberculose de acordo com a realidade encontrada no município, além disso, o modelo foi construído de forma a ser utilizado também, para outras localidades e períodos de tempo.

Conditional auto-regressive (CAR) models are frequently used with spatial data. However, the likelihood of such a model is expensive to compute even for a moderately sized data set of around 1000 sites. For models involving latent variables, the likelihood is not usually available in closed form. In this thesis we use a Monte Carlo approximation to the likelihood (extending the approach of Geyer and Thompson (1992)), and develop two strategies for maximising this. One strategy is to limit the step size by defining an experimental region using a Monte Carlo approximation to the variance of the estimates. The other is to use response surface methodology. The iterative procedures are fully automatic, with user-specified options to control the simulation and convergence criteria. Both strategies are implemented in our R package mclcar. We demonstrate aspects of the algorithms on simulated data on a torus, and achieve similar results to others in a short computational time on two datasets from the literature. We then use the methods on a challenging problem concerning forest restoration with data from around 7000 trees arranged in transects within study plots. We modelled the growth rate of the trees by a linear mixed effects model with CAR spatial error and CAR random e ects for study plots in an acceptable computational time. Our proposed methods can be used for similar models to provide a clearly defined framework for maximising Monte Carlo approximations to likelihoods and reconstructing likelihood surfaces near the maximum.

abstract: Spatial uncertainty refers to unknown error and vagueness in geographic data. It is relevant to land change and urban growth modelers, soil and biome scientists, geological surveyors and others, who must assess thematic maps for similarity, or categorical agreement. In this paper I build upon prior map comparison research, testing the effectiveness of similarity measures on misregistered data. Though several methods compare uncertain thematic maps, few methods have been tested on misregistration. My objective is to test five map comparison methods for sensitivity to misregistration, including sub-pixel errors in both position and rotation. Methods included four fuzzy categorical models: fuzzy kappa's model, fuzzy inference, cell aggregation, and the epsilon band. The fifth method used conventional crisp classification. I applied these methods to a case study map and simulated data in two sets: a test set with misregistration error, and a control set with equivalent uniform random error. For all five methods, I used raw accuracy or the kappa statistic to measure similarity. Rough-set epsilon bands report the most similarity increase in test maps relative to control data. Conversely, the fuzzy inference model reports a decrease in test map similarity. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Geography 2010

Depuis le début XXIème siècle, les documents d’urbanisme s’attèlent à « reconstruire la ville sur la ville » et même à densifier le bâti existant. Or, non seulement les aspirations de la population ne vont pas nécessairement dans le même sens, mais encore, ce mode de construction implique une connaissance fine du volume urbain. L’attente de nouvelles méthodes d’analyse des territoires, combinant 2D et 3D, est forte dans le domaine de l’aménagement du territoire afin de densifier les espaces urbains et combler les vacuités tout en surélevant le bâti existant, et en respectant les principes d’un développement urbain durable soucieux de la qualité de vie. Cependant, les méthodes utilisées à ce jour à des fins de recherche fondamentale ou appliquée en aménagement, intègrent peu la 3D, c’est à dire la dimension verticale des éléments géographiques, naturels ou anthropiques. Le travail de recherche envisagé dans la thèse a pour objet l’intégration de la 3D dans l’analyse spatiale à l’aide de SIG, de l’analyse d’image et de l’analyse morphologique afin de proposer des nouvelles méthodes et des outils utiles aux acteurs du territoire. / Since the beginning of the 21 century the urban planning documents are focused on the “reconstruction of the city inside the recent city territory” and results in the densification of the urban structure (e.g. elevating existing buildings or increasing compactness). However, this construction mode needs a detailed understanding of the urban volume. To meet this demand, new analysis methods are strongly desired, integrating 2D and 3D in urban planning. This might allow density increase in decaying inner urban areas while respecting the social sustainable development and enhancing the quality of life. However the currently used methods used in fundamental science or applied science rarely include the third dimension in their consideration; more detailed the vertical axis of geographical, natural or anthropogenic elements.The here presented thesis is dedicated to the integration of the 3D methods into the urban planning by the help of analysis with applied geographic information systems (GIS). The work focuses on image and morphology analysis for developing new methodologies and tools dedicated to different decision makers in urban context.

Species distribution modeling is presented as an analytical tool for biogeography and the study of climate change impact on biodiversity.  Key modeling concepts and applications are reviewed; the maximum entropy principle is described as well as its implementation in the Maxent software.  Lastly, two demonstrative examples of species modeling are presented using two plant species: Pycnophyllum spathulatum (Caryophyllaceae) and Prosopis pallida (Fabaceae).  Bothe species were modeled using current climate data and under a future climatic change scenario based on RCP8.5 to examine the potential impact of global warming on the species’ distribution. / Se presenta el modelamiento de distribución de especies como una herramienta analítica para la biogeografía y para el estudio del impacto del cambio climático en la biodiversidad.  Se revisan los conceptos y aplicaciones fundamentales de modelamiento; se describe el principio de máxima entropía así como su aplicación en el programa MaxEnt.  Finalmente, se presentan ejemplos ilustrativos de modelamiento de dos especies vegetales con MaxEnt: Pycnophyllum spathulatum (Caryophyllaceae) y Prosopis pallida (Fabaceae), utilizando los datos climáticos disponibles en WorldClim tanto para las condiciones climáticas presentes como también bajo un escenario futuro de cambio climático (RCP 8.5) para determinar el impacto potencial de este en la distribución de las especies modeladas.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-05T12:21:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carlos_eduardo_siste.pdf: 2342029 bytes, checksum: d1a2de6bf9a87c3607728cf94c8891d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T14:14:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carlos_eduardo_siste.pdf: 2342029 bytes, checksum: d1a2de6bf9a87c3607728cf94c8891d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T14:14:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carlos_eduardo_siste.pdf: 2342029 bytes, checksum: d1a2de6bf9a87c3607728cf94c8891d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / A esquistossomose mansoni ? uma doen?a tropical negligenciada afetando anualmente milh?es de pessoas em todo mundo. ? provocada pelo parasito Schistosoma mansoni que, al?m do hospedeiro definitivo, depende do ambiente aqu?tico e de caramujos do g?nero Biomphalaria como hospedeiro intermedi?rio para completar seu ciclo biol?gico. De uma forma geral, sua ocorr?ncia est? associada a grupos sociais vulner?veis vivendo em ?reas deficit?rias em servi?os de saneamento ambiental e a padr?es de comportamento da popula??o. Al?m disso, altera??es promovidas no ambiente por atividades humanas em diferentes contextos, sobretudo aquelas que afetam diretamente as cole??es h?dricas podem favorecer a instala??o ou manuten??o de focos da doen?a. Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou analisar os fatores ambientais e sociais associados ? din?mica de ocorr?ncia da esquistossomose no munic?pio de Serro, estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, conduziu-se estudo epidemiol?gico, de car?ter descritivo e quantitativo dos casos de esquistossomose ocorridos no per?odo 2010-2014, a partir de dados levantados junto ao Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose de Serro e de entrevistas com a popula??o. Foram identificados 352 casos diagnosticados no per?odo considerado, dentre os quais 104 participaram das entrevistas. Da popula??o total afetada, observou-se ser esta predominantemente masculina (62,78%), em idade economicamente ativa de 15-59 anos (80,1%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (52,8%) e residindo na ?rea rural (81,5%). Dentre os entrevistados, a maioria era natural do pr?prio munic?pio (84,7%), morando na atual resid?ncia h? mais de 20 anos (70%) na qual convivem de 3-6 pessoas (65,4%). A principal forma de ocupa??o s?o as atividades agropecu?rias (48,1%), com a maioria mantendo h?bito regular de fazer exames e consultas m?dicas (62,5%). A maior parte faz uso de ?gua proveniente de nascentes (56,7%) e consideram a ?gua consumida nas casas de boa qualidade (86,5%). A maioria das moradias possui banheiro com vaso sanit?rio (79,8%) destinando o esgoto para fossas secas no quintal ou rede de esgoto da rua (73,1%). ? expressivo o n?mero daqueles que declararam frequentar semanal (90,4%) ou quinzenalmente (79,7%) rios, ribeir?es e c?rregos (74,5%), cachoeiras (13,8%) e a?udes (9,6%) na regi?o, na maioria das vezes mantendo contato com as ?guas para pescar (55,3%), nadar (56,6%) e fazer travessia de caminho (41,5%). A maioria dos entrevistados declarou ter alguma informa??o sobre a doen?a antes de ser diagnosticado infectado (81,7%) e 62,5% n?o retornaram aos servi?os de sa?de para realizar o exame ap?s tratamento medicamentoso. A distribui??o da esquistossomose no munic?pio de Serro esteve significativamente agregada na por??o leste do munic?pio, em ?reas com menor varia??o na eleva??o e declividade, maiores ?ndice de vegeta??o e umidade, associada a ?reas com maior propor??o de domic?lios cujo esgotamento sanit?rio ocorria diretamente em cursos d??gua. Observou-se, ainda, que o maior n?mero de casos da doen?a ocorreu em localidades drenadas por rios da bacia hidrogr?fica do Rio Doce. Diante das particularidades apresentadas na extens?o do munic?pio, principalmente em rela??o ? espacializa??o da doen?a entre as duas grandes bacias hidrogr?ficas do munic?pio (Jequitinhonha e Rio Doce), as informa??es apresentadas podem contribuir para o direcionamento das a??es de controle na escala municipal, seja por meio de estrutura??o sanit?ria e ambiental, ou por meio de orienta??es quanto ao comportamento e exposi??o ?s cole??es h?dricas eventualmente contaminadas por parte da popula??o. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Schistosomiasis is an neglected tropical disease that affects annually millions of people worldwide. It is caused by Schistosoma mansoni worm that besides the definitive host, depends on the aquatic environment and on the Biomphalaria snails as an intermediate host to complete its life cycle. In general, its occurrence is associated with vulnerable groups living in areas where the environmental sanitation services are deficient and also associated to the population behavior patterns. In addition, changes introduced into the environment by human activities in different contexts, especially those that directly affect the water sources may promote the installation or maintenance of the disease outbreaks. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the environmental and social factors associated with the dynamics of Schistosomiasis occurrence in the city of Serro, Minas Gerais. For this it was conducted an epidemiological study, descriptive and quantitative of the Schistosomiasis cases occurred in the period 2010- 2014, from the data collected by the Schistosomiasis Control Program of Serro and interviews with the population. It was identified 352 diagnosed cases in the considered period, among which 104 participated in the interviews. Considering the total affected population, it was observed the predominance of men (62.78%), in work age of 15-59 years old (80.1%), with incomplete primary education (52.8%) and living in rural areas (81.5%). Among the respondents, most were natural of the municipality (84.7%), living at the current residence for more than 20 years (70%) living together with 3-6 people (65.4%). The main form of occupation is agricultural activities (48.1%), and most of them maintain regular habits of doing exams and having medical appointments (62.5%). Most of the respondents makes use of water coming from springs (56.7%) and consider the water consumed in their houses of good quality (86.5%). Most of the houses have bathroom with toilet (79.8%) intended for dry sewage tanks in the yard or street sewer network (73.1%). It is significant the number of those who reported that go to weekly (90.4%)or once every two weeks (79.7%) rivers, brooks and streams (74.5%), waterfalls (13.8%) and dams (9.6%) in the region, most of the time having contact with the water to fish (55.3%), to swimming (56.6%) and to crossing the path (41.5%). Most respondents claimed to have some information about the disease before being diagnosed infected (81.7%) and 62.5% did not return to health services for the exam after drug treatment. The distribution of Schistosomiasis in Serro municipality was significantly aggregated in the eastern portion of the city, in areas with less variation in elevation and slope, the largest index of vegetation and moisture associated with areas with the highest proportion of households where the sewage occurred directly into the watercourses. It was also noted that the highest number of cases of the disease occurred in places drained by rivers of the Rio Doce basin. Given the particularities presented at the county extension, especially in relation to the spatial distribution of the disease between two large municipal watersheds (Jequitinhonha and Rio Doce), the information presented may contribute to the guidance of the control actions on municipal level, either through health and environmental structuring, or through guidelines on the behavior and exposure to possibly contaminated water sources by the population.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-12-22T18:41:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T12:30:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T12:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Visando conhecer os aspectos epidemiol?gicos da dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, que comp?em a Regi?o de Sa?de de Pirapora/MG, realizou-se um estudo de distribui??o da doen?a na popula??o. Os dados foram analisados mediante a utiliza??o das informa??es dispon?veis no Sistema de Informa??o de Agravos de Notifica??o (SINAN), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE), Empresa de Assist?ncia T?cnica e Extens?o Rural do Estado Minas Gerais (EMATER) e Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). O estudo apresentou como objetivo geral tra?ar o perfil epidemiol?gico da dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: a) Investigar a incid?ncia de dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015; b) Quantificar os casos confirmados de dengue nos munic?pios segundo faixa et?ria, ra?a/cor, sexo e escolaridade; c) Verificar a distribui??o espacial dos casos de dengue nos munic?pios, comparando com dados de vari?veis ambientais; d) Conhecer o funcionamento estrutural dos munic?pios no que diz respeito ao enfrentamento da dengue, mediante an?lises dos Planos de Conting?ncia para o Controle da Dengue; e) Subsidiar as secretarias de sa?de dos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG com informa??es ajustadas sobre a dengue. ? um estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, com an?lises descritivas e explorat?rias, com dados retrospectivos. No munic?pio de Buritizeiro - MG foram notificados 1.801 casos de dengue e confirmados 641, sendo o maior n?mero em indiv?duos pardos, do sexo feminino, com escolaridade ensino m?dio completo. J? no munic?pio de Pirapora - MG foram notificados 3.267casos e confirmados 1.977, sendo o maior n?mero em indiv?duos do sexo feminino, pardos, com escolaridade ensino m?dio completo. A infec??o ocorreu em todas as faixas et?rias, sendo mais frequentes em indiv?duos de 20 a 49 anos de idade. Os munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG apresentaram incid?ncias vari?veis durante o per?odo do estudo. O ?ndice de Moran n?o mostrou evid?ncias de agrega??o espacial (I = - 0,018 p = 0,421). A an?lise da incid?ncia da dengue em rela??o ?s ambientais n?o evidenciou correla??o estatisticamente significativa para qualquer das vari?veis (temperatura m?dia diurna: r = - 0,0591, p = 0,7268; temperatura m?dia noturna: r = 0,2126, p = 0,1938; NDVI: r = 0,0219, p = 0,8949). O presente estudo servir? de base para elabora??o de pol?ticas p?blicas regionalizadas visando ? conten??o da dengue na Regi?o de Sa?de de Pirapora, Minas Gerais. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Aiming to know the epidemiological aspects of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG, which compose the Region of Health of Pirapora / MG, a study of the distribution of the disease in the population was carried out. Data was analyzed using the information available in the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN), Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of the State of Minas Gerais (EMATER) and the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). The objective of the study was to establish the epidemiological profile of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG between the years of 2012 and 2015. The specific objectives were: a) To investigate the incidence of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG, between the years of 2012 to 2015; B) To quantify the confirmed cases of dengue in the municipalities according to age, race/color, sex and education; C) To verify the spatial distribution of the dengue cases in the municipalities, comparing with data of environmental variables; D) To know the structural functioning of the municipalities with regard to coping with dengue, through analysis of Contingency Plans for Dengue Control; E) Subsidize the health secretariats of the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG with adjusted information on dengue. It is a longitudinal, quantitative study with descriptive and exploratory analyzes, with retrospective data. In the municipality of Buritizeiro - MG, 1,801 cases of dengue fever were reported and 641 confirmed cases, the highest number in mixedrace individuals, females, with a high school education. In the municipality of Pirapora - MG, 3,267 cases were reported and 1,977 confirmed, with the highest number in females, pardos, with a high school education. The infection occurred in all age groups, being more frequent in individuals from 20 to 49 years of age. The municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG presented variable incidences during the study period. The Moran index did not show evidence of spatial aggregation (I = - 0.018 p = 0.421). Dengue incidence was not statistically significant for any of the variables (mean daytime temperature: r = -0.0591, p = 0.7268, mean night temperature: r = 0.2126, p = 0, 1938; NDVI: r = 0.0219, p = 0.8949). The present study will serve as a basis for the elaboration of regionalized public policies aiming at the containment of dengue in the Health Region of Pirapora, Minas Gerais.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-04T15:35:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-19T16:44:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T16:44:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Visando conhecer os aspectos epidemiol?gicos da dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, que comp?em a Regi?o de Sa?de de Pirapora/MG, realizou-se um estudo de distribui??o da doen?a na popula??o. Os dados foram analisados mediante a utiliza??o das informa??es dispon?veis no Sistema de Informa??o de Agravos de Notifica??o (SINAN), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE), Empresa de Assist?ncia T?cnica e Extens?o Rural do Estado Minas Gerais (EMATER) e Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). O estudo apresentou como objetivo geral tra?ar o perfil epidemiol?gico da dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: a) Investigar a incid?ncia de dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015; b) Quantificar os casos confirmados de dengue nos munic?pios segundo faixa et?ria, ra?a/cor, sexo e escolaridade; c) Verificar a distribui??o espacial dos casos de dengue nos munic?pios, comparando com dados de vari?veis ambientais; d) Conhecer o funcionamento estrutural dos munic?pios no que diz respeito ao enfrentamento da dengue, mediante an?lises dos Planos de Conting?ncia para o Controle da Dengue; e) Subsidiar as secretarias de sa?de dos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG com informa??es ajustadas sobre a dengue. ? um estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, com an?lises descritivas e explorat?rias, com dados retrospectivos. No munic?pio de Buritizeiro - MG foram notificados 1.801 casos de dengue e confirmados 641, sendo o maior n?mero em indiv?duos pardos, do sexo feminino, com escolaridade ensino m?dio completo. J? no munic?pio de Pirapora - MG foram notificados 3.267casos e confirmados 1.977, sendo o maior n?mero em indiv?duos do sexo feminino, pardos, com escolaridade ensino m?dio completo. A infec??o ocorreu em todas as faixas et?rias, sendo mais frequentes em indiv?duos de 20 a 49 anos de idade. Os munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG apresentaram incid?ncias vari?veis durante o per?odo do estudo. O ?ndice de Moran n?o mostrou evid?ncias de agrega??o espacial (I = - 0,018 p = 0,421). A an?lise da incid?ncia da dengue em rela??o ?s ambientais n?o evidenciou correla??o estatisticamente significativa para qualquer das vari?veis (temperatura m?dia diurna: r = - 0,0591, p = 0,7268; temperatura m?dia noturna: r = 0,2126, p = 0,1938; NDVI: r = 0,0219, p = 0,8949). O presente estudo servir? de base para elabora??o de pol?ticas p?blicas regionalizadas visando ? conten??o da dengue na Regi?o de Sa?de de Pirapora, Minas Gerais. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Aiming to know the epidemiological aspects of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG, which compose the Region of Health of Pirapora / MG, a study of the distribution of the disease in the population was carried out. Data was analyzed using the information available in the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN), Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of the State of Minas Gerais (EMATER) and the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). The objective of the study was to establish the epidemiological profile of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG between the years of 2012 and 2015. The specific objectives were: a) To investigate the incidence of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG, between the years of 2012 to 2015; B) To quantify the confirmed cases of dengue in the municipalities according to age, race/color, sex and education; C) To verify the spatial distribution of the dengue cases in the municipalities, comparing with data of environmental variables; D) To know the structural functioning of the municipalities with regard to coping with dengue, through analysis of Contingency Plans for Dengue Control; E) Subsidize the health secretariats of the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG with adjusted information on dengue. It is a longitudinal, quantitative study with descriptive and exploratory analyzes, with retrospective data. In the municipality of Buritizeiro - MG, 1,801 cases of dengue fever were reported and 641 confirmed cases, the highest number in mixedrace individuals, females, with a high school education. In the municipality of Pirapora - MG, 3,267 cases were reported and 1,977 confirmed, with the highest number in females, pardos, with a high school education. The infection occurred in all age groups, being more frequent in individuals from 20 to 49 years of age. The municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG presented variable incidences during the study period. The Moran index did not show evidence of spatial aggregation (I = - 0.018 p = 0.421). Dengue incidence was not statistically significant for any of the variables (mean daytime temperature: r = -0.0591, p = 0.7268, mean night temperature: r = 0.2126, p = 0, 1938; NDVI: r = 0.0219, p = 0.8949). The present study will serve as a basis for the elaboration of regionalized public policies aiming at the containment of dengue in the Health Region of Pirapora, Minas Gerais.

Introdução - As altas taxas de incidência da tuberculose (TB) no município de Porto Alegre, com uma média de 100 casos/100000 habitantes de todas as formas clínicas da TB nos últimos anos, contrastam com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) da cidade de 0,865, considerado um índice de desenvolvimento elevado. Sendo a tuberculose uma doença com grande influência dos determinantes sociais da saúde, o questionamento sobre esta relação ser também verdadeira em Porto Alegre instigou a realização deste trabalho cujos objetivos foram: analisar a distribuição espacial da taxa de incidência da tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera, a forma clínica transmissível da tuberculose, por bairros da cidade de Porto Alegre e a associação com os indicadores socioeconômicos de suas populações. Métodos - Neste estudo ecológico transversal foram usadas técnicas de análise espacial, com regressão linear múltipla e espacial, e de mensuração das desigualdades. As unidades de análises foram os bairros oficiais da cidade. Resultados – Identificou-se um padrão de distribuição da taxa de incidência da tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera nos bairros com dependência espacial pelo Índice de Moran Global significativo. Verificou-se a existência de uma associação negativa entre os indicadores socioeconômicos e taxa de incidência da tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera. Na mensuração da desigualdade em saúde nos bairros, o Índice de Desigualdade da Pendente (IDP) foi -81,25 casos/100000 habitantes e o Índice Relativo de Desigualdade (IRD) igual a 7,9, mostrando a grande diferença da taxa da incidência entre as áreas ao se considerar tamanho populacional e posição socioeconômica. Conclusão – Em Porto Alegre, a taxa da incidência da tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera tem associação com determinantes sociais. Sugere-se, a partir deste, o uso das desigualdades desta taxa nos bairros de Porto Alegre como indicador de iniqüidade social para o planejamento de políticas públicas que promovam a justiça social. / Background - The high incidence rates of tuberculosis (TB) in the city of Porto Alegre, with an average of 100 inhabitants casos/100000 in recent years, contrasts with the Human Development Index (HDI) of the city of 0,865, considered a high rate of development. As TB is a disease with great influence of social determinants of health, the question on if this relationship is also true in Porto Alegre encouraged this work whose objectives were: to analyse the spatial distribution of the incidence rate of tuberculosis tuberculosis smearpositive, clinical form transmissible tuberculosis, for neighbourhoods of the city of Porto Alegre in association with its socioeconomic indicators. Methods - In this ecological study we used multiple linear and spatial regression techniques and measurements of social inequality. The units of analysis are the official districts of the city. Results - It was identified a pattern of distribution of the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis smear-positive in neighborhoods with significant spatial dependence by the Index of Moran Global. It was found that there was a negative association between socioeconomic indicators and the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis smear-positive. In the measurement of inequality in health in neighborhoods, the Index of Inequality the Pendant (IDP) was -81.25/100000 and Relative Index of Inequality (IRD) was equal to 7.9, showing a huge difference in the incidence rate among the areas considering population size and socioeconomic position. Conclusion - In Porto Alegre, the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis smear-positive has association with social determinants. It is suggested, from this, the use of inequalities of this rate in neighborhoods of Porto Alegre as an indicator of social inequity for the planning of public policies that promote social justice.

Introdução: As mortes por homicídio ocupam posição de destaque, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros. Para a mídia e a opinião pública, homicídios associados ao uso e à venda de drogas são a face mais atemorizante e visível da violência urbana. Objetivos: Neste contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o perfil e o padrão de distribuição das vítimas de homicídios, em Porto Alegre, em 2007, buscando identificar áreas críticas, ou seja, áreas de maior intensidade de homicídios, e conhecer as características socioeconômicas dessas áreas. Método: Estudo transversal dos casos de homicídios ocorridos em Porto Alegre, no ano de 2007. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo e análise espacial de Kernel, para a distribuição das residências das vítimas de homicídios e identificação da densidade populacional. Conforme as taxas de homicídios, os bairros foram agrupados e comparados segundo os indicadores socioeconômicos. Resultados: A maioria das vítimas era jovem e do sexo masculino. O grupo etário mais atingido foi o de 20 a 29 anos (adultos jovens). Com relação às causas básicas de morte, a arma de fogo foi o meio mais utilizado para cometer os homicídios. Foi possível identificar áreas críticas, com maior intensidade de homicídios, regiões que coincidem com a existência de vilas irregulares, em condições precárias. Verificou-se, ainda, a existência de uma rota de expansão dos homicídios, em direção ao norte da cidade. Além disso, observou-se que o grupo de bairros com maiores taxas de homicídios apresentou piores condições socioeconômicas. Conclusões: Foram constatadas regiões críticas da violência na cidade de Porto Alegre, com alta concentração de vítimas de homicídios. Poder-se-ia pensar numa forma de desenvolver programas de prevenção para a redução dos homicídios nessas áreas. Desse modo, é possível apontar os melhores locais para os pontos de apoio dos órgãos de segurança pública, para que sejam avaliados os recursos e serviços disponíveis e, dessa forma, otimizados os investimentos. A população que reside nessas áreas críticas poderia ser, portanto, beneficiada por um maior controle e segurança. / Introduction: The number of deceases by homicides are high, numbers that are even higher mainly in big cities in Brazil. For the media and the public opinion, the homicides that are linked to the usage and commerce of drugs are the scariest and most apparent situation of urban violence. Objectives: In this context, this research had as a goal the analysis of the profile and standards of the distribution of the homicides victims in Porto Alegre in 2007, trying to identify the most sensitive areas, i. e., areas where the number of homicides were even higher, and to know the social and economic characteristics of those areas. Methods: Transversal study of the homicides cases that happened in Porto Alegre in 2007. A descriptive study and Kernel spatial analysis were done, to measure the distribution of the residences of the victims of homicides and to identify the population density. Observing the rates of homicides, the neighborhoods were grouped and compared according to their social and economic characteristics. Results: The majority of the victims were young male. The age group that was higher was the one from 20 to 29 years old (young adults). Concerning the basic causes of death, the fire weapon was the most used means to commit homicides. It was possible to identify environmentally sensitive areas, with a higher number of homicides, in regions where there are illegal settlements, with precarious conditions. It was verified the existence of an expansions homicides route in the direction of the north of the city. Besides, it was observed that the group of neighborhoods with the highest rates of homicides presented the worst social and economic conditions. Conclusions: It was identified sensitive violent regions in Porto Alegre, with a high concentration of homicides victims. A program for reduction and prevention of homicides could be thought for those areas. In this way, it is possible to point out the best places for public security support unities, so that the available resources and services can be evaluated and, so, having optimized investments. The population that live in those sensitive areas could be, in this way, benefited by a better and higher control and security.