In recent years, spatial data derived from cell phones has become increasingly recognized as a valuable data source for urban analysis. Using a sizeable dataset depicting the physical movements of several million Swedish and Danish cell phones during 24 hours, an analysis of aggregated individual mobility levels and mobility patterns is conducted. The analysis covers two measurements of mobility, total diurnal mobility and commuting mobility. Findings indicate that phone data may provide seminal insights on otherwise scarcely accessible information on how space is experienced and interacted with depending on the individual's residential location. The data is analysed using a broad set of spatial analysis techniques incorporating both statistical and visual representations of spatial mobility and spatial relationships.

This research relates Hg levels in the Common Loon (Gavia immer) to a variety of physical factors. Constructed within the framework of a GIS system, this model analyzes the spatial relationships and the influence of physical land cover factors as a function of distance from the individual loon territories. Thiessan polygons were used to generate the territory for each loon. Buffering of the thiessan polygons was done to establish the boundaries of the individual distance classes and to gather information on the percentage of individual land cover classes within each distance class. Information on precipitation was also gathered. Results from the regression analysis (R2 = 57.3% at the 150m distance class) performed on the variables suggest that the proximity of certain land use types such as cropland, shrub land, and wetlands influence the rates at which Hg is available within an individual territory. Within the 150m and 300m buffers, crop land, shrub land, and wetland exhibited the strongest relationship with the Hg levels in the common loon, with cropland exhibiting a negative relationship suggesting that the proximity of cultivated lands plays a role in decreasing the amount of available Hg in a territory. / Master of Science

Traditionally the role of a Chapel is to offer society a place to worship, find solitude, sanctuary, spiritual enlightenment, religious fulfillment, and its inspiration. In an effort to reinforce and accentuate these experiences, this project explores the architectural concepts of procession, transition, and materiality of a Chapel. / Master of Architecture

A geração de expressão de referência (GER) é um dos principais componentes de aplicações de geração de língua natural a partir de dados não linguísticos. Trabalhos existentes nesta área tendem a se concentrar em domínios bidimensionais e tridimensionais simples. Domínios mais realistas, entretanto, ainda são pouco explorados pela literatura, possivelmente pela dificuldade em produzir modelos computacionais com o grau de complexidade exigido. O recente surgimento de aplicações baseadas em ambientes interativos tridimensionais, todavia, oferece uma ampla gama de oportunidades de pesquisa em GER. Nesse trabalho apresentamos um algoritmo de GER para seleção de atributos espaciais em ambientes interativos tridimensionais do tipo GIVE. A solução proposta é uma extensão de um algoritmo de GER tradicional que utiliza relações espaciais combinado com conhecimento linguístico extraído de corpora e modelos computacionais de referência espacial. Essa solução foi avaliada de forma intrínseca no domínio de instruções em mundos virtuais. / Referring expressions generation (REG) is one of the main components in the generation of Natural Language from non-linguistic data. Existing work in the eld tends to focus on simple two- or three-dimensional domains. More realistic domains, however, are still little investigated, possibly due to the diculties in producing computational models with the required degree of complexity. The recent rise of applications based on three-dimensional interactive environments, however, oers a wide range of research opportunities in REG. In this work we present a REG algorithm for selecting spatial attributes in three-dimensional interactive environments GIVE. The proposed solution is an extension of a traditional REG algorithm that makes use of spatial relations combined with linguistic knowledge extracted from corpora and computational models of spatial reference. The proposal was evaluated intrinsically in the domain of instructions generation in virtual worlds.

A geração de expressão de referência (GER) é um dos principais componentes de aplicações de geração de língua natural a partir de dados não linguísticos. Trabalhos existentes nesta área tendem a se concentrar em domínios bidimensionais e tridimensionais simples. Domínios mais realistas, entretanto, ainda são pouco explorados pela literatura, possivelmente pela dificuldade em produzir modelos computacionais com o grau de complexidade exigido. O recente surgimento de aplicações baseadas em ambientes interativos tridimensionais, todavia, oferece uma ampla gama de oportunidades de pesquisa em GER. Nesse trabalho apresentamos um algoritmo de GER para seleção de atributos espaciais em ambientes interativos tridimensionais do tipo GIVE. A solução proposta é uma extensão de um algoritmo de GER tradicional que utiliza relações espaciais combinado com conhecimento linguístico extraído de corpora e modelos computacionais de referência espacial. Essa solução foi avaliada de forma intrínseca no domínio de instruções em mundos virtuais. / Referring expressions generation (REG) is one of the main components in the generation of Natural Language from non-linguistic data. Existing work in the eld tends to focus on simple two- or three-dimensional domains. More realistic domains, however, are still little investigated, possibly due to the diculties in producing computational models with the required degree of complexity. The recent rise of applications based on three-dimensional interactive environments, however, oers a wide range of research opportunities in REG. In this work we present a REG algorithm for selecting spatial attributes in three-dimensional interactive environments GIVE. The proposed solution is an extension of a traditional REG algorithm that makes use of spatial relations combined with linguistic knowledge extracted from corpora and computational models of spatial reference. The proposal was evaluated intrinsically in the domain of instructions generation in virtual worlds.

In the video database, each video contains temporal and spatial relationships between content objects. The temporal relationships can be specified between frame sequences and the spatial relationships can be specified by the relationships between objects in a single frame. Moreover, the information related to locations and motions of objects is included in video database. Many video indexing strategies have been proposed, which include the above information to speed up the query processing time. For example, the 3D C-string strategy, it uses the projections of objects to represent spatial and temporal relations between objects in a video. Moreover, the 3D C-string strategy can keep track of the motions and size changes of the objects in a video. However, there are three problems caused by the 3D C-string strategy. The first one is that it cannot index some kinds of videos in which an object appears and then disappears for more than one time. The second one is that the representation of the 3D C-string is too complex for deriving spatial relationships. The last one is that the 3D C-string cannot derive the absolute locations of objects, since it records the relative locations of objects. In this thesis, in order to solve the problems of the 3D C-string strategy, we propose three new spatial relationships. By making use of the three spatial relationships, we can express the condition that objects disappear and appear. Moreover, based on the sequence of spatial relationships, we can derive the temporal relationships. Based on this technique, we propose three index processing strategies for video database. The first strategy is the Temporal UID Matrix (TUID) strategy. We use those 13 unique numbers used in the UID strategy and our 3 new added unique numbers to represent spatial relationships. Then, we store the sequence of spatial relationships in the TUID matrix. In this way, we can efficiently support query types of spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal relationships. However, since the TUID strategy does not record the information of objects, it cannot support the query type by the information of objects. Therefore, we propose the second strategy, the 2D Video String strategy, to keep track of the motions, locations, and size changes associated with the video objects. Although the 2D Video String strategy can support all types of queries, it is less efficient than the TUID strategy. By making use of the advantages of both strategies, we propose another video indexing strategy, the Hybrid strategy. We record the information of objects in the diagonal part of the TUID matrix. From our simulation study, we show that our proposed strategies can provide a shorter search time for video data than Lee et al.'s 3D C-string strategy, except the 2D Video String strategy for the temporal query.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of implementing desktop 3-dimensional (3D) stereo images of human anatomy into an undergraduate human anatomy distance laboratory. User perceptions of 2D and 3D images were gathered via questionnaire in order to determine ease of use and level of satisfaction associated with the 3D software in the online learning environment. Mayer's (2001, p. 184) principles of design were used to develop the study materials that consisted of PowerPoint presentations and AVI files accessed via Blackboard. The research design employed a mixed-methods approach. Volunteers each were administered a demographic survey and were then stratified into groups based upon pre-test scores. A total sample size of 62 pairs was available for combined data analysis. Quantitative research questions regarding the effectiveness of 2D versus the 3D treatment were analyzed using a doubly-multivariate repeated measures (Doubly- MANOVA) design. Paired test scores achieved by undergraduates on a laboratory practical of identification and spatial relationships of the bones and features of a human skull were used in the analysis. The questionnaire designed to gather user perceptions consisted of quantitative and qualitative questions. Response frequencies were analyzed for the two groups and common themes were noted. Results revealed a statistically significant difference in group means for the main effect of the treatment groups 2D and 3D and for the variables of identification and relationship with the 3D group outperforming the 2D group on both dependent variables. Effect sizes were determined to be small, 0.215 for the identification variable and 0.359 for the relationship variable. Overall, all students liked the convenience of using PowerPoint and AVI files online. The 3D group felt their PowerPoint was more realistic than did the 2D group and both groups appreciated the detailed labeling of the online images. One third of the volunteers in the 3D group indicated that "eye strain" was what they liked least about working with the 3D images. Results indicate that desktop, stereo imaging may be incorporated effectively into online anatomy and physiology courses, but that more work needs to be done to ensure less eye strain.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo visa discutir as relações socioespaciais dos povos indígenas que vivem na terra Indígena de São Marcos, mais especificamente na área conhecida como baixo São Marcos e que está localizada na região sul da terra indígena. Ou seja, de forma analítica será compreendida a relação dos povos indígenas com o meio físico em que vivem, configurando uma transformação no espaço, através das ações humanas, mediadas pela cultura. A presente dissertação de mestrado vem a colaborar com esforços teórico analíticos, segmentado em discussões teórico comparativo e fundamentado nas premissas teórica da geografia e antropologia que trabalham com a temática que envolve territorialidade e espacialidade dos indígenas na formação de paisagens culturais para compreensão da organização dos indivíduos no espaço geográfico através de suas territorialidades. Quanto ao objetivo deste trabalho, se busca uma compreensão sobre a temática do calendário cultural ao qual se baseia em uma proposta teórico-metodológica da construção do mesmo e que envolve a sistematização e compreensão das relações sociais, espaciais, ambientais, econômicas e culturais existente na comunidade indígena da Ilha ao qual foi possível a partir de um estudo exploratório que utilizou como procedimento metodológico a revisão da literatura em livros, artigos científicos e pesquisa em campo. Com base nestas discussões, a presente pesquisa conclui que as relações socioespaciais dos povos indígenas que habitam a comunidade da Ilha tem se modificado e adquirido novos aspectos que incluem costumes e modo de vida do homem da sociedade nacional e que fica expresso a exemplo, em suas lavouras de melancia que tem caráter comercial e não mais só para sua subsistência. E dentro do projeto de construção do calendário cultural o cultivo da melancieira se tornou a atividade escolhida para se tornar o objeto de estudo dessa dissertação.

This thesis investigates international railway safety regulations and spatial planning, with a focus on the spatial relationships between railways and adjacent roads. Employing a methodological framework rooted in comparative and document analyses, the study critically evaluates regulatory frameworks from five nations: Sweden, Canada, Norway, Germany, and China. Through the lens of Risk Assessment and Management Theories, Resilience Theory, and dynamic risk management frameworks, the research discuss how different countries approach risk identification, assessment, and mitigation strategies within their railway infrastructure. The findings highlight variations in regulatory approaches and underscore the importance of adaptability, transparency, and consideration of spatial dynamics in enhancing railway safety. By synthesising perceptions from international practices, this study contributes valuable perspectives to the ongoing discourse on optimal spatial relationships in railway infrastructure, with implications for policy development and strategic planning within the transportation sector. / Trafikverket.