This dissertation focuses on the importance of specialist pedagogical centers in educating mentally handicapped children. In the theoretical part the importance of specialist pedagogical centers in educating mentally handicapped children is arranged through the listing and description of their activities. At the same time this part also describes current possibilities for educating mentally handicapped children in the Czech Republic and explains the basic terminology related to this issue. The empiric part of the dissertation (the empiric survey) follows the importance of specialist pedagogical centers from the point of view of parents with mentally handicapped children in respect to how they perceive the impact of the intervention of the specialist pedagogical center in Ústí nad Labem on selected categories in educating mentally handicapped children. The view of the importance of specialist pedagogical centers in educating mentally handicapped children is completed at the end of this dissertation by cases interpretation of three clients of the specialist pedagogical center in Ústí nad Labem, which presents practical activities of specialist pedagogical centers in different phases of cooperation with mentally handicapped children and their families.

South Africa is engaged in social redress and Education at all levels reflects this commitment. The period of transition from the apartheid policy of the National Party, (1948 – 1994), to the democratic policy of the African National Congress and its alliances, (1994 - ), continues to be in a state of flux. Education authorities struggle to maintain a balance between widening access to previously disadvantaged students whilst maintaining standards at the same time. Much of the recent debate on good teaching and learning practices suggests that teachers not only need to have a firm grasp of their discipline knowledge but that they also need to perform competently in pedagogic practice. This debate recognises sociological change in knowledge-discourses, fair and transparent assessment policy, and teacher and learner profiles, thereby creating an urgent need for a new professional identity for teachers. Efficient and effective teaching practices require school teachers to be sensitive to innovative and wide ranging culture-sensitive content as proposed by the Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS). This is a refined version of South Africa’s first national education policy, C2005, introduced to schools in 1998 and streamlined in 2000 by the Review Committee of C2005 to produce the RNCS. Music now fits into Arts and Culture, one of eight integrated learning areas. The Generalist-Specialist Music Educator is a new identity meant to empower classroom trainee-teachers in primary and secondary education who are new to the discipline of music. The majority of the teacher-trainees who have elected to take the Music in Education module at the University of The Witwatersrand’s School of Education are admitted under discretionary rules, and as a consequence they have little or no experience of formal music education. The Generalist-Specialist Music Educator comes from such a background and her aim would be to fast track her way towards a music orientation that would equip her to advise her own students who might want to learn music at school. Specifically, the Generalist-Specialist should enhance the open relationship between learner and teacher as well as contribute effectively to the multidisciplinary nature of today’s school curriculum.

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar, à luz da integração e desintegração da gestão pública, a implementação do sistema de ingresso da carreira de Especialista em Políticas Públicas do Governo do Estado de São Paulo (EPP-SP), por meio da descrição de seus processos e de sua análise do seu alinhamento e/ou fragmentação. O sistema de ingresso investigado engloba três grandes subsistemas: Recrutamento e Seleção, Integração e Acolhimento, e Finalização do Estágio Probatório, os quais são pautadas pelo planejamento de contratação, que estabelece o quantitativo e o qualitativo de pessoal necessários, e pela alocação organizacional, nas quais os ingressantes irão desempenhar as atividades previstas. Com intento de se obter uma descrição detalhada do sistema de ingresso da carreira em análise, o trabalho segue uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como principal método o estudo de caso, apoiado em duas técnicas de coleta de dados, quais sejam: a pesquisa documental e a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com informantes-chave. Verificou-se aspectos de integração e a desintegração nos processos presentes no sistema de ingresso no serviço público da carreira de EPP-SP; de um lado, o desalinhamento entre o planejamento de recursos humanos e a avaliação de desempenho do estágio probatório, bem como entre o curso de formação e a alocação dos gestores; e, por outro lado, no que tange à integração do sistema, identificou-se a associação entre o planejado para carreira e a estrutura da seleção dos candidatos / The objective of this work is to analyze, in the light of the integration and disintegration of public management, implementation of the admission system of the career of the Public Policies Specialist of the São Paulo State Government (PPS-SP), through the description of its processes and their analysis of their alignment and/or fragmentation. The admission system studied comprises three major subsystems: Recruitment and Selection, Integration and Reception, and Completion of the Probationary Stage, which are guided by the contracting planning, which establishes the quantitative and qualitative personnel required, and by the organizational allocation, in which the entrants will perform the planned activities. In an attempt to obtain a detailed description of the career admission system under analysis, the work follows a qualitative approach, having as main method the case study, supported by two data collection techniques, which are: documentary research and Semi-structured interviews with key informants. It was verified aspects of integration and disintegration in the processes present in the system of entry into the public service of the PPS-SP career; on the one hand, the misalignment between the human resources planning and the performance evaluation of the probationary stage, as well as between the training course and the allocation of the managers; and, on the other hand, with regard to the integration of the system, was identified the association between career planning and the structure of candidate selection

Bakgrund: Kompetensen i ambulansteamet i Sverige skiljer sig åt mellan de olika landstingen. Vissa har grundutbildad sjuksköterska som högsta medicinska kompetens i ambulansen, andra landsting har krav på en specialistsjuksköterska i ambulanserna. Det finns dock inga riktlinjer på vilken specialistutbildning som är önskvärd inom ambulanssjukvården trots att det finns en utbildning till specialistsjuksköterska med inriktning mot ambulanssjukvård. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva formella kompetensområden för specialistsjuksköterskor som är behöriga att arbeta inom ambulanssjukvård i Sverige. Metod: En summativ innehållsanalys av kompetensbeskrivningar för specialistsjuksköterskor. Resultat: Tolv kompetensbeskrivningar analyserades vilka genererade fyra huvudkategorier vardera. Antal underkategorier och nyckelord varierade. Medicinsk kompetens blev huvudkategori i elva av tolv kompetensbeskrivningar och störst i sju kompetensbeskrivningar. Resultatet visade även att kompetensområdena i de olika kompetensbeskrivningarna till största delen var inriktade mot de vårdområde där de är avsedda att utövas.  Slutsats: De teoretiska formella kompetensområdena skiljer sig mellan de olika kompetensbeskrivningarna. Avsaknad av teoretisk kunskap avsedd för mångfalden av patienter i den prehospitala miljön skulle kunna påverka patientsäkerheten. / Background: The competence of the personal in the ambulance team differ between the county councils. In some counties it has to be a specialist nurse that has the medical responsibility while in other counties it is a registered nurse that has that position. Today there are no guidelines for what specialist education the specialist nurse working within the ambulance care should have, even though there is an education for specialist ambulance nurse. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the formal competencies of the different specialist nurses that works in ambulance care in Sweden.  Method: A summative content analysis of the documents describing the competencies for the difference specialist nurses was made.  Results: Twelve documents describing the competencies were analyzed which all gave four main categories. Number of subcategories and keywords varied. Medical knowledge was identified as a main category in eleven of twelve documents describing the competencies and was the biggest in seven out of  twelve documents describing the competencies. The result also showed that the competencies described in the documents mainly focused on the care area where they are meant to be practiced.  Conclusion:  The theoretical formal competencies differ between the documents describing the competencies for specialist nurses. Lack of theoretical knowledge designed for the variation of patient in prehospital care could influence patient safety.

Background: Type 2-diabetes is a growing public health problem that cause suffering for people living with the disease and it is expensive for the Swedish healthcare system. The diabetes specialist nurse is often the person who stands for the continuity in the diabetes care and therefore has a big inpact on the outcome. The aim of this study was to describe the diabetes nurse’s experience of nursing care for adults with type 2-diabetes in primary care. The used method is qualitative. Eight diabetes nurses were interviewed with semi structured interviews and the content was analysed with qualitative content analysis. The result showed obstacles, dilemmas and possibilities experienced in diabetes care. Conclusion: There is a winning in knowing about obstacles, dilemmas and possibilities that can be experienced by diabetes specialist nurses in order to maintain a good diabetes care. The experienced obstacles and dilemmas needs to be continuously studied in order to keep evolving the diabetes care.

nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo apresenta os resultados de um sistema de auxÃlio ao diagnÃstico mÃdico implementado atravÃs de classificadores estatÃsticos e neurais. O Sistema Inteligente para DiagnÃstico de Patologias da Coluna Vertebral (SINPATCO) à composto por trÃs subsistemas, a saber: interface grÃfica, classificaÃÃo de patologias e extraÃÃo de conhecimento. O mÃdulo de interface grÃfica permite uma interaÃÃo amigÃvel com o especialista mÃdico. O mÃdulo de classificaÃÃo automÃtica de patologias à implementado por diferentes algoritmos, tais como discriminantes linear e quadrÃtico, Naive Bayes, K-Vizinhos mais PrÃximos (KNN), rede MLP, rede SOM e rede GRNN. O mÃdulo de extra ÃÃo de conhecimento à responsÃvel pela extraÃÃo de regras proposicionais a partir dos classificadores treinados, a fim de elucidar para o mÃdico ortopedista como o classificador chega ao diagnÃstico final. Em particular, o mÃdulo de classificaÃÃo de patologias da plataforma SINPATCO utiliza atributos biomecÃnicos recentemente propostos para efetuar a categorizaÃÃo de um paciente em trÃs classes: pacientes normais, pacientes com espondilolistese e pacientes com hÃrnia de disco. Os diversos classificadores supracitados sÃo comparados com relaÃÃo à taxa de acerto, nÃmero de falsos positivos, nÃmero de falsos negativos e sensibilidade a amostras discrepantes (outliers). As contribuiÃÃes deste trabalho sÃo variadas, indo desde do fato de ser provavelmente o primeiro a usar um conjunto recente de atributos biomecÃnicos para projeto de classificadores na Ãrea de medicina ortopÃdica, passando pelo estudo comparativo do desempenho de vÃrios classificadores, atà a extraÃÃo de regras a partir dos classificadores com melhor desempenho para explicar o diagnÃstico obtido ao mÃdico, para posterior avaliaÃÃo. Atà onde se tem conhecimento, a combinaÃÃo destas trÃs contribuiÃÃes torna o sistema SINPATCO inovador na Ãrea de ortopedia mÃdica, servindo de auxÃlio na atividade de diagnÃstico e facilitando o trabalho dos profissionais dessa Ãrea. AlÃm servir como ferramenta de auxÃlio ao diagnÃstico do mÃdico especializado em ortopedia, o sistema SINPATCO pode ser usado por clÃnicos nÃo-especialistas em ortopedia, a fim de minimizar a carÃncia de ortopedistas em regiÃes remotas, agilizando o atendimento e o encaminhamento do paciente para centros mais desenvolvidos. / This dissertation presents the results obtained from a computer-aided medical diagnostic system implemented through statistical and neural pattern classifiers. The Intelligent System for Diagnosis of Pathologies of the Vertebral Column (SINPATCO) has a modular architecture and is composed of three subsystems, namely: graphical interface, classification of pathology, and knowledge extraction. The graphical interface module allows a friendly man-machine interaction with the physician. The pathology classification module is implemented through difierent algorithms, such as linear and quadratic discriminants, Naive Bayes classifier, K Nearest Neighbors (KNN) classifier, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network, Self-Organizing Map (SOM) network, ang Generalized Regression network (GRNN). The knowledge extraction module is responsible for rule extraction from trained neural network based classifiers, in order to elucidate the neural-based diagnostic to the orthopedist. In particular, the pathology classification module of the SINPATCO platform uses recently proposed biomechanical attributes to categorize a patient into one out of three classes: normal subjects, subjects with spondilolistesis, and subjects with disk hernia. All the aforementioned classifiers are evaluated with respect their pathology recognition rate, number of false positive cases, number of false negative cases and sensitivity to outliers. The contribution of this work is manifold. Starting from the fact that it is probably the first to use (within the orthopaedic medicine) a recently proposed set of biomechanical measurements for the design of classifiers, this work also evaluates several pattern classifiers in the diagnosis of patologies of the vertebral column, and allows knowledge extraction from the trained classifiers in order to elucidate the obtained diagnostic to the physician. To the best of our knowledge, the combination of these three contributions makes the SINPATCO platform an innovative computer-aid tool for the orthopedist, facilitating the work of these professionals. Despite the fact that the SINPATCO platform can serve as a computer-aided diagnostic tool in the orthopedic medicine, it can also be used by non-expert clinicians, in order to minimize the lack of orthopedists in remote regions, speeding up the treatment and the transferring of patients to more developed centers.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi desvelar práticas musicais dos professores na comunidade e na escola, focando as relações entre a música, a escola e a comunidade. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de caso, tomando como aportes teóricos reflexões de Setton (2010), Forquin (1993), Bozon (2000) e Souza (2012). As práticas musicais dos professores incluem o ato da escuta musical, as preferências musicais, a prática do canto, as experiências com aulas de Música, a prática de tocar ou não um instrumento musical, a participação em atividades musicais, interações com as bandas e conjuntos em atividade na comunidade, a percepção e a inserção em relação aos diferentes espaços onde a música está presente nas comunidades, os profissionais que trabalham com música em sala de aula, o quanto são contextualizadas em sua prática docente em sala de aula as experiências musicais dos alunos e dos professores. Os resultados contribuem para as atuais discussões no Brasil relativas ao contexto da Lei Federal no 11.769, de 2008, a respeito de práticas musicais e pedagógicas de professores nãoespecialistas em Música. / The objective of this research was to unveil the musical practices of teachers in the community and at school discussing the relationship between music, school and community. The methodology adopted was the case study, taking as theoretical support reflections upon Setton (2010), Forquin (1994), Bozon (2000) and Souza (2012). The musical practices of teachers include the act of music listening, musical preferences, the practice of singing, experiments with music lessons, practice playing a musical instrument or not, participation in musical activities, interactions with bands and ensembles active in community, awareness and inclusion in relation to the different spaces where music is present in communities, professionals who work with music in the classroom, how that in their teaching practice in the classroom musical experiences of students and teachers are contextualized. The results contributes to current discussions in Brazil relating to the context of Federal Law. º to 11.769/08 regarding the musical and pedagogical practices of teachers non-specialist in music.

No description available.

The Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) is a benefit available to Medicare beneficiaries. This benefit has the potential to address many areas of prevention in one focused visit to the primary care clinic, yet it is currently being provided to only 19% of Medicare beneficiaries. This research attempted to examine the extent to which certified health education specialists (CHES) have provided and perceive themselves to be prepared to provide the preventive health services (PHS) within the AWV, along with seven additional preventive counseling services (PCS). A web-based survey assessed the perceived preparedness of health educators, specifically CHES (N=998), to deliver these PHS. The results of these surveys include the development of a single factor internally consistent scale to measure perceived preparedness for the PHS within the AWV. They reveal health educators were least prepared to assist with end-of-life-planning and conduct a basic hearing test. No association was found for education level and perceived preparedness; however, prior experience did account for a significant amount of the variance in perceived preparedness to provide AWV services. Lastly, when compared to historical data regarding physician’s perceived preparedness to provide PCS, health educators were more prepared to counsel on diet and exercise and less prepared to counsel on six other PCS. These results may aid in the understanding of whether CHES perceive they are prepared to provide (PHS) and demonstrate the experience CHES have with each of these PHS.

Introduktion: Statistik visar att antalet ambulansuppdrag i Sverige ökat de senaste åren. Samtidigt visar forskning att många patienter som ringer ambulans ej är i behov av den avancerade akutsjukvård som ambulansverksamheten erbjuder. Sjuksköterskor med specialistutbildning inom ambulanssjukvård förväntas kunna avgöra vilka patienter som verkligen är i behov av ambulanstransport, samt vilka som kan lämnas kvar hemma. Syfte: Att undersöka ambulanssjuksköterskans upplevelse av att prehospitalt bedöma om patienten kan lämnas hemma. Metod: En empirisk intervjustudie med kvalitativ design där 10 sjuksköterskor med specialistutbildning inom ambulanssjukvård samt minst två års klinisk arbetslivserfarenhet intervjuades. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i tre kategorier och 12 underkategorier. De tre kategorierna var: Vikten av patientfokuserad bedömning, Ambulanssjuksköterskans beslut samt Organisationen påverkar. Slutsats: Denna studie visar att ambulanssjuksköterskor till stora delar har samma upplevelser kring att bedöma om patienter kan lämnas hemma. Upplevelsen att flera olika faktorer påverkar beslutet är central och en oro över att fatta fel beslut präglar bedömningen. Om inte ambulanssjuksköterskan är helt säker på sitt beslut, eller patienten själv inte vill stanna hemma, får patienten oftast medfölja ambulansen. Detta skulle kunna resultera i onödiga kostnader för sjukvården samt att resurser utnyttjas felaktigt.