Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Jeffrey P. Chanton, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Oceanography. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 24, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2008. / Adviser: Graham A. J. Worthy. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1996. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Carleton University, 1993. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Jeffrey P. Chanton, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Oceanography. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 26, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 145 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_ejvmo_dr_jabo.pdf: 605696 bytes, checksum: dd1b3217c5fab1a94988eca52c3ee9e7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O Brasil é dos países líderes na importação de peixes salgados e secos. Em 2008, importou da Noruega cerca de 30 mil toneladas destes produtos, a um custo de aproximadamente 190 milhões de dólares. O bacalhau é um produto salgado e seco bastante apreciado no país, mas espécies afins, de menor valor comercial, são também utilizadas na fabricação de peixes salgados secos e muitas vezes comercializadas como o bacalhau do Atlântico (Gadus morhua). A variação da razão de isótopos estáveis de carbono (13C/12C) e de nitrogênio (15N/14N) é medida com alta precisão por espectrômetro de massa de razão isotópica (IRMS) e nos últimos 20 anos tem aumentado significativamente a aplicação desta tecnologia na avaliação de fraudes e adulterações dos alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar isótopos estáveis de 15N e 13C na identificação de bacalhau e espécies afins. Utilizando a análise isotópica, em músculos e ossos, foi possível diferenciar o bacalhau (do Atlântico e do Pacífico) de Ling, Zarbo e Saithe (p < 0,01), que são três produtos salgados e secos de menor valor comercial. Com a pele não foi possível tal distinção entre bacalhau do Pacífico e Ling (p > 0,05). A combinação de análises de valores de 15N de diferentes tecidos – músculo, pele e ossos – possibilitou a separação das espécies. A comparação gráfica de valores de 15N de músculo vs. pele, músculo vs. ossos e pele vs. ossos permite estabelecer três regiões de confiança: uma com bacalhau do Atlântico e bacalhau do Pacífico; outra com Ling e Zarbo; e finalmente, uma terceira região com o Saithe isolada de todos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a metodologia é viável para a distinção entre bacalhau e outros peixes salgados secos. No entanto, conclusões mais seguras serão obtidas com uma base de dados, para que, isotopicamente, se faça um histórico da origem desses peixes / Brazil is the leading country in the importation of salted dried fish. In 2008, Brazil imported from Norway about 30 thousand tones of this products, at a cost of approximately US$ 190 million. The cod is one of the most popular salted dry product in this country, but related species of lower commercial value, are also used in the manufacture of salted dried fish and often commercialized as the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The variation of the stable isotopes ratio of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) is measured with high precision mass spectrometry isotope ratio (IRMS), and in the last 20 years there was a significant increase of this technology, applied in the evaluation of frauds and food adulterations. The aim of this work was to utilize stable isotope of 15N and 13C in identification of codfish and related species. Utilizing the isotopic analysis in muscles and bones, it was possible to differentiate cod (Atlantic and Pacific) from Ling, Zarbo and Saithe (p < 0.01), which are three salted dried products of lower commercial value. Through the skin it was not possible to distinguish between Pacific cod and Ling (p > 0.05). The combination of analysis 15N values of different tissues – muscle, skin and bones – enable the separation of species. The graphic comparison of the 15N values of muscle vs. skin, muscle vs. bones and skin vs. bones allow to establish three regions of confidence: one with Atlantic cod and Pacific cod; another with Ling and Zarbo; and finally, one third region with Saithe isolated of all. The results obtained demonstrate that the methodology is feasible to distinguish between cod and other salted dried fish. Nevertheless, a more secure conclusions will be obtained with a database, to do a historic of isotopic origin of these fishes

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bordinhon_am_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 349449 bytes, checksum: 88ef6cffe52ded03eb9ff128cda0f865 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade da tilápia do Nilo em 5 balancear sua dieta, quando fornecidas duas misturas de ingredientes, utilizando os 6 isótopos estáveis de carbono. Foram utilizados 225 juvenis de tilápia (peso: 5,0 ± 0,5 g), 7 distribuídos em cinco tanques. Os indivíduos alocados em um dos tanques eram 8 alimentados com uma mistura de alta proteína (MAP; δ13C = -22,62‰), os alocados em 9 um segundo tanque eram alimentados com uma mistura de baixa proteína (MBP; δ13C = 10 -14,34‰) e os animais dos outros tanques tinham acesso livre a ambas, quatro vezes ao 11 dia. Foram realizadas coletas de músculo, fígado e sangue a cada cinco dias por 86 dias, 12 exceto para o grupo alimentado com MBP (alimentado por 120 dias). As amostras 13 foram analisadas em espectrômetro de massa e as proporções consumidas das misturas 14 foram estimadas a partir do enriquecimento isotópico do carbono (δ13C). O 15 balanceamento realizado indicou redução no consumo relativo de proteína. Contudo, 16 esta relação não apresentou padrão definido em relação ao peso dos indivíduos, ou seja: 17 o balanceamento de proteína e energia para tilápia do Nilo está relacionado 18 principalmente à idade dos animais e não é claro se este processo está relacionado 19 também ao seu peso. As estimativas de consumo de um grupo animais desta espécie por 20 meio dos isótopos estáveis de carbono são semelhantes aos obtidos por outras técnicas, 21 portanto este método permite observação da diversidade deste comportamento no 22 autobalanceamento entre os indivíduos que compõe tal grupo. / This study aimed to assess the Nile tilapia ability to balance its own diet, 6 when two ingredient mixes were offered, using carbon stable isotopes. In order to 7 accomplish that, 225 Nile tilapia juveniles (average initial weight 5.0g ± 0.5g) were 8 distributed in five tanks, each containing a group of 45 fish. One group of fish were fed 9 exclusively a high protein mix (HPM; δ13C = -22.62‰), a second one fed only a low 10 protein mix (LPM; δ13C = -14.34‰). The other groups had free access to both mixes 11 (free choice system). The fish from all tanks were fed four times a day. Muscle, liver 12 and blood samples were collected at each five days (from 2 fish/tank/collection) for 86 13 days, except for the fish fed with MBP (fed for a 120 days period). The samples were 14 analyzed in a mass spectrometer and proportions of the mixes consumed were estimated 15 through its carbon isotope enrichment (δ13C). The fish diminished their protein intake 16 along the time. However, consumption did not present a clear pattern in relation to the 17 individual weight, i.e.: protein consumption patterns are mainly related to the age of the 18 individuals and it is not clear if it is also correlated to their weight. The consumption 19 estimative through stable isotopes of carbon did not conflict other studies reported in the 20 literature. Additionally this technique allowed observation of consumption among the 21 individuals from an experimental group 22.

Knowledge of habitats used by riverine fishes throughout their life history is important for management and conservation. Naturally occurring chemical markers in otoliths have recently been used to determine natal origins and environmental history of fishes in a variety of marine and freshwater environments. However, to our knowledge no studies have examined the applicability of this technique in large floodplain rivers in United States. We evaluated otolith microchemistry and stable isotopic composition as tools for determining origins of fishes in the upper and middle Mississippi and lower Illinois Rivers, their tributaries, and associated floodplain lakes. Fishes were collected from 21 sites during summer 2006 and 2 additional sites in spring 2007. Water samples were obtained from the same 23 sites plus three additional sites during summer and fall 2006 and spring 2007. Otoliths and water samples were analyzed for δ18O, and a suite of trace elements; otoliths were also analyzed for δ13C. Tributaries, floodplain lakes, and the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers had distinct isotopic and elemental signatures. Tributaries on the Missouri and Illinois sides of the middle Mississippi River could also be differentiated by their elemental and isotopic fingerprints. Otoliths reflected differences in water chemistry among habitats. Results indicate that otolith microchemistry and stable isotope analyses provide a potentially effective means of determining origins and environmental history of fishes in large river-floodplain systems.

Salvia divinorum is a plant species native to Oaxaca, Mexico. The leaves of this plant contain the active compound Salvinorin A which, when smoked, causes the user to experience hallucinogenic effects. Currently Salvia divinorum is not listed as a scheduled drug under the United States’ Controlled Substances Act, though some states such as Ohio and Texas have passed laws to prohibit its use. Commercially available Salvia divinorum products are available in fortified extract concentrations claiming to contain up to fifty times the Salvinorin A concentrations naturally present in naturally growing Salvia divinorum plants. The stable isotope ratios of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen can reflect plant responses to certain environmental conditions, such as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations or the degree of water limitation a plant experiences, which in turn can be unique to a geographical region a plant grows in. Because these isotope ratios vary by location, a local plant species from a known area can inform researchers about the elemental makeup of a plant native to a particular region, as well as whether the plant was grown indoors or outdoors. Booth et al. (2010), demonstrated the effectiveness of using stable isotope ratio data of marijuana for the determination of drug trafficking patterns (1). Booth and coworkers also speculated that variations in marijuana chemical composition due to isotope fractionation would account for the differences in isotopic ratios within the marijuana samples. In this experiment, commercially purchased leaf samples of Salvia divinorum were analyzed using an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer for the purpose of establishing the stable isotope ratios by geographic region. Salvia divinorum samples from Oaxaca, Mexico exhibited stable isotope ratios that could be differentiated from those grown in Hawaii, USA. Fortification of leaves had a demonstrated effect on the isotope ratios for the elements examined, indicating that as fortification of the product increased the stable isotope ratios became either enriched or depleted of the heavier isotope. Fortification resulted in stable isotope ratios reflecting regions unlike where it had been grown, thus giving confounding information regarding geographic origin.

Insight into environments and habitats that contribute recruits to adult fish stocks in riverine systems is vital for effective population management and conservation. Catfishes are important recreational species in the Mississippi River and are commercially harvested. However, contributions from main channel and tributary habitats to catfish recruitment in large rivers such as the middle Mississippi River (between St. Louis, MO and Cairo, IL) are unknown. Stable isotope and trace elemental signatures in otoliths have been useful for determining environmental history of fishes in a variety of aquatic systems, including the Mississippi River. The objectives of this study were to identify the principle natal environments of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and blue catfish I. furcatus in the middle Mississippi River (MMR) using otolith stable oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) and strontium:calcium ratios (Sr:Ca). Catfish were sampled in the MMR during July-October 2013 and 2014 and lapilli otoliths were analyzed for δ18O and Sr:Ca. Water samples from the MMR and tributaries were collected seasonally from 2006-2014 to characterize site-specific signatures. Persistent differences in water δ18O and Sr:Ca among the MMR and tributaries (including the upper Mississippi, Illinois, and Missouri rivers as well as smaller tributaries) were evident, enabling identification of natal environment for individual fish. Results indicated that blue and channel catfish stocks in the MMR primarily recruited from the largest rivers (Missouri and Mississippi rivers) in our study area and received minimal influence from smaller tributaries. Recruitment and year class strength investigations and efforts aimed at enhancing blue and channel catfish spawning and nursery habitats should be focused in the large rivers with less emphasis in the smaller tributaries.