Ce mémoire se veut être un alliage de connaissances historiques théoriques et de leur mise en application dans un contexte académique de niveau collégial. L’objet principal est de comparer l’historiographie savante, écrite par des historiens chercheurs, au contenu de quatre manuels de Cégep, rédigés par des pédagogues de formation historienne, à propos des relations internationales soviétiques à l’ère de la sécurité collective. / This thesis aims to be an alloy of historical and theoretical knowledge and of their implementation in a collegial academic context. Its main purpose is to compare the scholarly historiography content, written by historians, researchers, to an extract of four College Manuals, written by teacher training historians, about Soviet international relations at the era of collective security.

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Ce mémoire se veut être un alliage de connaissances historiques théoriques et de leur mise en application dans un contexte académique de niveau collégial. L’objet principal est de comparer l’historiographie savante, écrite par des historiens chercheurs, au contenu de quatre manuels de Cégep, rédigés par des pédagogues de formation historienne, à propos des relations internationales soviétiques à l’ère de la sécurité collective. / This thesis aims to be an alloy of historical and theoretical knowledge and of their implementation in a collegial academic context. Its main purpose is to compare the scholarly historiography content, written by historians, researchers, to an extract of four College Manuals, written by teacher training historians, about Soviet international relations at the era of collective security.

The thesis explores in depth the negotiations to create the United Nations Organization through which Stalin sought to enhance the USSRs power and prestige via traditional, military-oriented means. Although the Kremlin was relatively successful at maximizing Soviet power within the structure of the UNO, its inflexibility on issues such as Poland, Latin American membership, and other issues antagonized its wartime allies, the USA and Britain. This developing fracture seriously undermined cooperation among the victorious great powers both within the new organization and more broadly. As a result, the process of founding the UNO proved to be both a significant cause and reflection of the degeneration of the wartime Grand Alliance into the Cold War. / History

This diploma thesis deals with a detailed analysis of the daily Rudé právo in 1951 - 1960. It is focused in detail on leading representatives of the Communist Party and their impact on the situation in the former Czechoslovakia in ´50s, as well as on significant events in this period. The work will consist in comparing the real facts and distorted facts about personalities and events of that time as they were presented by Rudé právo as the propaganda newspaper of the Communist Party. The main aim of the thesis is to make a reader aware of the impartiality of Rudé právo which played a dominant role in the former media scene and greatly influenced the general public who did not have the opportunity to compare information with other news. It is important as well to the reader understand how powerful the media had already been that time, when Rudé právo was able to significantly support a cult of personality mainly around Klement Gottwald and J. V. Stalin, when a reader had no opportunity to gain any information than what the governance of communist Czechoslovakia wanted to. Besides the already mentioned cults of personalities the work will deal with propaganda of communism, the Soviet Union and the anti-Americanism which was propagated mainly between 1950 - 1953 in almost every issue of the newspaper. After reading this thesis, the reader should understand the content of Rudé právo and its importance. He should realize that the main aim was to arouse belief of the citizens of Czechoslovakia that "Western world", especially the United States, is an enemy that wants to control the whole world and that its leaders are the aggressors and the enemies of peace. The Soviet Union and its leaders should then be the protection against so-called warmongers from the USA. Due to then lack of information it was very difficult for an average working Czechoslovak reader to know that the reality was quite the opposite.

Thesis called "The reception of poetry poetics of the year 1950 as an attempt of fulfilling Štoll`s ideologically-aesthetical conception" aims, baring in mind a wider cultural-political context, to trace back the extent of indentification of stalin literal critique with Štoll`s ideologically-aesthetical conception soon after its presentation on the business conference of the Czechoslovak Writers` Union in January 1950. Working with selected poetry poetics of that year it is trying to render the specifics of their reception after this speech had been accepted as a final methodological and value indicator of all contemporary literal-crtitic cretive activity. As an initial document for this thesis is therefore Ladislav Štoll`s book {\clqq}Thirty Years of Fight for the Czech Socialist Poetry`` (1950), the extended printed version of Štoll`s report which even contains parts of Jiří Taufer`s speech from the same conference. In three autonomous parts, for all that linked in a way, the thesis tries concretely bring into effect these requested intentions by focusing on books of poetry {\clqq}Zpěv míru`` by Vítězslav Nezval, {\clqq}Píseň o Viktorce`` by Jaroslav Seifert and {\clqq}Máj země`` by Ivan Skála. Being aware of the necessity of taking into account even the non-literal influences it looks into not only their contemporary reception itself but also aboriginal cultural-political circumstances and the poets` status in the hierarchical mosaic of cultural politics of that time. In the overall framework effort of creating complex view of the questions introduced, the thesis` subchapters offer attempts of own literal analysis of discussed poetry works.

De toutes les campagnes de déportations programmées par la direction stalinienne, la première est restée la plus importante. Elle touche en 1930-1931 plus d’un million huit cent mille paysans «dékoulakisés » – les premiers « déplacés spéciaux » de Stalin.En 1930, la région du Nord soviétique est choisie pour servir de laboratoire à cette triple expérience – répressive, sociale et humaine –, qui impose à des dizaines de milliers de familles d’exploiter les ressources naturelles de ce territoire hostile et de s’établir définitivement dans des « villages spéciaux », conçus pour devenir des officines de rééducation.Au-delà de la reconstitution de cette déportation-expérimentation, ce travail documente, à partir de sources d’archives et de témoignages des survivants, l’histoire du quotidien dans ce nouveau microcosme goulaguien. Il éclaire les destinées des familles paysannes en relégation, leurs stratégies de survie face aux conditions extrêmes des premières années, ainsi que leurs modes d’adaptation et de réintégration dès la seconde moitié des années 1930. Il expose les changements survenus dans les « peuplements spéciaux » durant la guerre et retrace le processus d’affranchissement des déportés après dix-huit ans d’exil, qui préfigure l’aboutissement de la plus longue déportation amorcée, puis désamorcée par Stalin. / « Dekulakization » represents the single largest operation from all Stalinist mass deportations. In 1930 and 1931, more than one million eight hundred thousands peasants were sent into internal exile, becoming Stalin’s first « special settlers ».In 1930, the Soviet Northern territory was chosen to be the laboratory of this repressive and social experimentation on human beings, which obliged thousands and thousands of peasant families to extract the natural resources of these fozen hinterlands. They had to remain durably in the so-called « special villages » built for their reforging.This research, based on archival materials combined with survivor’s stories, endeavors to retrace the evolution of this experimental deportation and moreover to document the history of everyday life in the emerging order of the Gulag’s « special settlements ». It throws new light on the fate of peasant families in the North, their strategies to survive when facing the most horrific first years of repression, as well as their ways of adaptation and rehabilitation within society since the second half of the 1930s. This dissertation states the changes occurred in the « special settlements » during the war and charts the process of the deportees’ liberation after eighteen years of exile, which pointed out the end of the longest deportation initiated, and finally defused by Stalin.

Through the U.S. Lend-Lease program, President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to keep Joseph Stalin's Red Army fighting Adolf Hitler's forces to prevent a separate peace and Nazi Germany's colonization of Soviet territory and strategic resources during the Second World War. Yet after the Red Army's 1943 counterattacks, Roosevelt unnecessarily increased Soviet Lend-Lease aid, oversupplying Stalin's soldiers with more armament than they required for the Soviet Union's defense and enabling their subsequent conquest of East Central Europe and large parts of East Asia. Roosevelt's underestimation of the Red Army's capabilities, his tendency to readily rely on Soviet-influenced advisers, and his unquestioning acceptance of Stalin's implicit threats to forge a separate peace all contributed to his excessive arming of Moscow from 1943 forward. Expanding on the findings of other scholars, this work identifies and explains the impact of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty on Roosevelt's reasoning, the key role of the Arctic convoys in delivering material to the Red Army, and how the unnecessary aid routes through Iran and Alaska resulted in the oversupplying of Stalin's troops. Had Roosevelt not opened these unnecessary routes, the Arctic convoys could have continued to sufficiently supply the Red Army's defensive efforts without empowering it to aggressively spread Communism at gunpoint.

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Diploma thesis Deportation of the Kalmyk people to Siberia (1943-1957) is devoted to one of the tragic chapters in the history of the Kalmyks, people living in the Lower Volga region in Russia. In the diploma thesis the issue of the Kalmyk deportation in the Soviet Union during World War II is analysed in a broader context. The issue of deportation as a foudation of the thesis is put into a wider context. The concept of deportation and repressive policies was established by a state government in the first half of the 20th century. Deportations were used by the apparatus of government of the Soviet Union as one of the forms of repressive sanctions to regulate conditions in the state. Political, social and economic situation in the first half of the 20th century in Russia was impacted by the Stalinist period. The period of J. V. Stalin's rule over the Soviet Union (1922-1952) was entered into the history of Russia as a period of mass repressions (collectivization, persecution of the kulaks, church dignitaries and political dissenters, the "great terror", deportations on the eve of World War II, total deportations during the World War II). Repressions were one of the strategies used by the government to concentrate power in the hands of the Communist Party and to strengthen the regime in the country....