Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-09-26T18:06:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_PIBMF_Corrigida.pdf: 1135541 bytes, checksum: abeaf5cd4791754623b20793845be1d8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-09-26T18:11:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_PIBMF_Corrigida.pdf: 1135541 bytes, checksum: abeaf5cd4791754623b20793845be1d8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-26T18:11:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_PIBMF_Corrigida.pdf: 1135541 bytes, checksum: abeaf5cd4791754623b20793845be1d8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The thermogravimetry has emerged to be an alternative technique for the analysis of biodiesel due to the rapidly methods, sensitivity and accuracy. Because of different characteristics between biodiesel and petroleum products, is difficult to adapt standard methods as in many cases the result dimension is quite distinct by capability of equipment detection. The micro residue of carbon test is one of the techniques which do not accomplish the biodiesel requirements. There is a deviation between national legislation and stipulated technical standard, thru ASTM D4530 for petroleum samples, the test should be applied with the residual of 0,10% (w/w) once previously distilled to remove 90% (v/v) of the total volume. Therefore thermogravimetry turn as an alternative for essay of micro carbon residue based on the results of this study which perform in biodiesel analysis and it has several advantages. / Com a necessidade de metodologias mais rápidas, mais sensíveis e mais precisas, a termogravimetria desponta como uma forte alternativa para a análise de biodiesel. Devido à diferença entre a natureza do biodiesel e a dos produtos de petróleo é difícil à adaptação dos métodos padrões, já que em muitos casos a magnitude do resultado é bem distinta da capacidade de detecção do método do equipamento utilizado. O teste de micro resíduo de carbono pertence a esse grupo de técnicas as quais não satisfazem os requerimentos do biodiesel. Existindo divergências entre a legislação nacional e o estipulado pela norma técnica, deve-se ter em conta que apesar da norma ASTM D4530 ser aplicável a produtos de petróleo, ela considera que a análise pode ser feita para amostras que apresentem valores de resíduo abaixo de 0,10 % (m/m), devendo-se apenas, destilar previamente amostra para remover 90 % (v/v) do volume total. Com isso a Termogravimetria se apresenta como uma alternativa na execução do ensaio de micro resíduo de carbono e com base nos resultados apresentados neste trabalho ela se mostrou capaz de realizar a análise de micro resíduo de carbono em biodiesel, além de apresentar diversas vantagens perante o método atualmente utilizado.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Escherichia coli is a bacterial species that lives in the gut of all warm-blooded animals, fish, birds as well as reptiles and is commonly used as an indicator of fecal contamination in water. This project assessed currently used culture based media for the detection of E. coli in irrigation waters used in Arizona and California, and will present recommendations towards the most reliable media for the evaluation of irrigation waters used for produce. Currently, no microbial indicator standards exist for irrigation waters used for produce production in the United States. The produce industry suggests that the recreational water standard guideline (126 E. coli/100 ml) established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) be used. There is concern that the false positive rate of E. coli detection may be high in these waters giving false indications of the level of risk from enteric pathogens. This project evaluated three commercially available media for E. coli detection to test irrigation waters from three agricultural areas (Yuma and Maricopa, AZ and Imperial Valley, CA) and then assessed false positive rates by utilizing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing of the bacterial isolates. The media that were chosen for evaluation were (1) MI Agar, (2) IDEXX Colilert Quanti-Tray® and (3) m-ColiBlue24® broth, all evaluation media accepted by the USEPA and widely used in the monitoring of irrigation water quality by the produce industry. Four hundred and fifty 1-L irrigation water grab samples were collected between March 2012 and November 2012. The samples were analyzed for both cultural counts and water quality parameters including temperature, salinity and pH. Isolates positive and negative for E. coli were then selected and assessed utilizing PCR and DNA sequencing. The false positive rate of each method was found to be high, with MI Agar, m-ColiBlue24® broth and the IDEXX Colilert Quanti-Tray® at an accuracy of 67%, 72%, and 51% respectively. A false positive result is reported when presumptive E. coli sub cultured from the media is found to be non-E. coli through molecular analysis. Overall the IDEXX Colilert Quanti-Tray® performed at a greater rate of accuracy than the other two media evaluated, however, high false positive rates may lead to inaccurate assessment of water quality.

Water is a scarce and precious resource in South Africa. Not only is the quality and quantity of water available limited by climatic conditions but these resources are often impacted by domestic and industrial effluents, as well as run-off from agriculture. Monitoring the aquatic environment helps to determine the impact of various pollutants. Chemical monitoring, important as it is, can only at best give a "snapshot" of water quality at a particular moment in time. Biomonitoring in particular forms a vital part of monitoring programmes as it gives a time integrated reflection of a particular pollutant or group of pollutants on the ecosystem. Although diatoms have long been studied in South Africa, as well as being used in the past to indicate water quality, the current suite of bioindicator organisms used in this country has not until recently included diatoms, or any autotrophic organisms for that matter. This body of work is presented with the aim of facilitating the use of diatoms as bioindicators of water quality in South Africa. Methods for the collection, preparation and analysis of diatoms have been collated and standardized. A number of European and other indices have been tested in diverse localities for use in indicating recent and historical water quality. The impact of diffuse mine effluent on diatom community structure has also been discussed. A new species common in impacted waters (i.e. a potential indicator species for these conditions) has been described and a guide to the common diatoms of South Africa is presented which, it is hoped, will be of use to those who wish to commence with a study of South Africa's diatom flora. The results of this study show that diatom indices are successful in reflecting both current and past water quality in South Africa. This result justifies the inclusion of diatoms with the current suite of bioindicator organisms as well as in national monitoring initiatives such as the River Health Programme. Concluding comments underline the importance of using diatoms as indicators, not only of water quality, but also as indicators of aquatic microorganism biodiversity, or loss thereof. The need for continued research in the fields of diatom ecology and taxonomy is also highlighted. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Water is a scarce and precious resource in South Africa. Not only is the quality and quantity of water available limited by climatic conditions but these resources are often impacted by domestic and industrial effluents, as well as run-off from agriculture. Monitoring the aquatic environment helps to determine the impact of various pollutants. Chemical monitoring, important as it is, can only at best give a "snapshot" of water quality at a particular moment in time. Biomonitoring in particular forms a vital part of monitoring programmes as it gives a time integrated reflection of a particular pollutant or group of pollutants on the ecosystem. Although diatoms have long been studied in South Africa, as well as being used in the past to indicate water quality, the current suite of bioindicator organisms used in this country has not until recently included diatoms, or any autotrophic organisms for that matter. This body of work is presented with the aim of facilitating the use of diatoms as bioindicators of water quality in South Africa. Methods for the collection, preparation and analysis of diatoms have been collated and standardized. A number of European and other indices have been tested in diverse localities for use in indicating recent and historical water quality. The impact of diffuse mine effluent on diatom community structure has also been discussed. A new species common in impacted waters (i.e. a potential indicator species for these conditions) has been described and a guide to the common diatoms of South Africa is presented which, it is hoped, will be of use to those who wish to commence with a study of South Africa's diatom flora. The results of this study show that diatom indices are successful in reflecting both current and past water quality in South Africa. This result justifies the inclusion of diatoms with the current suite of bioindicator organisms as well as in national monitoring initiatives such as the River Health Programme. Concluding comments underline the importance of using diatoms as indicators, not only of water quality, but also as indicators of aquatic microorganism biodiversity, or loss thereof. The need for continued research in the fields of diatom ecology and taxonomy is also highlighted. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Rapporten är ett resultat av ett examensarbete inom Maskinteknik, inriktning Industriell Ekonomi och Produktion, vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, institutionen för Hållbar produktionsutveckling. Projektet har utförts för försvarsföretaget BAE Systems Hägglunds AB i Örnsköldsvik. Studenten har utfört arbetet på plats vilket har varit en grundförutsättning för att kunna genomföra studien. Uppdragsbeskrivningen, dess mål samt avgränsningar har tilldelats av enheten för Prototyp och Skrov (P & S). Målen inkluderar att kartlägga de feleffekter som uppstår när beredda operations- och ställtider inte överensstämmer med verklig tid i verkstaden, att ge förslag på arbetsmetodik för att återkoppla och uppdatera dessa tider samt arbetsmetodik för beräkning av inkörningstid för samtliga artiklar. Enheten för P & S tillverkar ingående artiklar och levererar färdiga skrov av företagets fordonsfamiljer till resterande avdelningar i verkstaden. Fordonen utvecklas kontinuerligt mot kunders krav varför avdelningens förmåga att snabbt kunna leverera prototypartiklar till utvecklingsavdelningen är viktig för hela företagets långsiktiga lönsamhet. Verksamheten saknar i viss utsträckning standardiserat underlag för beredning samt återkoppling på beredningstider. Detta resulterar i att artiklar blir sena, dyrare än projekterat samt ett ständigt prioriteringsarbete vilket riskerar att förstärka problematiken. Berörd personal litar inte på verksamhetens förmåga och anpassar därför arbetssätt på en lokal nivå vilket leder till suboptimeringar. Studien resulterar i en kartläggning över de feleffekter som uppstår, som till stor del beror på saknandet av standardiserade arbetsmetodiker. NC-programmeringen infö rmaskinbearbetningen beskrivs som en flaskhals. Studien föreslår därför att programmering sker innan produktionsorder i form av arbetskort bereds och frisläpps mot avdelningen för maskinbearbetning. Verksamhetens målbild är att beräkna inkörningstiden för samtliga artiklar då tillverkning av första exemplar tar längre tid. Varpå studien föreslår ökad kommunikation mellan avdelningar. / This report is the result of a bachelor thesis within the area of mechanical engineering, management and production at the Royal Institute of Technology. The study was conducted at the defense and security company BAE Systems Hägglunds AB in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. The study has been conducted on location which has been essential for the feasibility of the study. The assignment and the goals of which it should accomplish, as well as within which boundaries has been assigned by the section for Prototype and Hulls (Swedish P & S). Set goals include mapping the fault effects which occurs when process times doesn’t match that of which has been planned and assigned for specific work orders, methods for feedback between the workshop and ERP-systemfor more accurate future processes. As well as methods for calculation of process times for all components in a batch since the first ones tend to require more time. The section of Prototype and Hulls produce and delivers hull components for all of BAE Systems Hägglunds families of vehicles. It’s necessary for the vehicles to continuously being developed due to customers’ demands for them to be able to compete on the global market. As a result the manufacturing of prototype components is essential for the company’s ability to gain customers, which is why it’s up most important to beingable to deliver prototype components for R & D rapidly. The section for Prototype and Hulls lacks standardized methods for the production preparing and planning. This results in components that are too expensive and late. In a long term this means that employees doesn’t trust the ability of the business and in some cases, develops local improvements, putting the company at risk of developing sub optimizations. The study discusses the fault effects discovered by the mapping process, which is being described as a result of not using standard methods. The study recommends BAE Systems Hägglunds to implement a standardized method towards the NC-programming where the programming is conducted before the preparer creates a work order. Since BAE Systems Hägglunds wants to calculate the required time for all componentsin a work order the study recommends intercommunication between different sections to exchange experience and work methods with each other.