The studio glass movement first arose in the United States in the early 1950s, and was characterized by practitioners who wanted to divorce glass from its industrial associations and promote it as a fine arts medium. This movement began in a few cities in the eastern part of the country, and in Los Angeles, but gradually emerged as an art form strongly associated with the city of Seattle and the Puget Sound region. This research studies the emergence and growth of the studio glass movement in the Puget Sound region from 1970 to 2003. It examines how glass artists and Seattle's urban elites interacted and worked separately to build the support structures and "art world" that provided learning and mentoring opportunities, workspaces, artistic validation, audience development, critical and financial support, which helped make glass a signature Puget Sound art form, and the role that artist social networks, social capital, cultural capital and cultural policy played in sustaining this community. In particular, the research seeks to explore the factors that nourish a new art form and artist community in second-tier cities that do not have the substantial cultural and economic support structures found in the "arts super cities" such as Los Angeles, New York City, and San Francisco. This study contributes to the growing literature on artist communities, and the roles played by social capital, cultural capital, urban growth coalitions and policy at different stages of community development. Results can assist policymakers in formulating policies that incorporate the arts as a form of community development.

葉菁華. / 論文(神學碩士) -- 香港中文大學院宗敎及神學學部, 1995. / 參考文獻: leaves 121-138. / Ye Jinghua. / Chapter 一、 --- 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter A. --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter B. --- 旨趣與取向 --- p.3 / Chapter C. --- 探討對象的界定 --- p.7 / Chapter 1. --- 「建制更正敎會」 --- p.7 / Chapter 2. --- 「當代中國」 --- p.14 / Chapter D. --- 資料取材 --- p.16 / Chapter 1. --- 資料來源 --- p.16 / Chapter 2. --- 取捨標準 --- p.18 / Chapter E. --- 理論與方法 --- p.19 / Chapter 1. --- 理論視野 --- p.19 / Chapter 2. --- 探討方法與全文流程 --- p.26 / Chapter F. --- 一些澄清 --- p.28 / Chapter 1. --- 代表性問題 --- p.28 / Chapter 2. --- 語文問題 --- p.29 / Chapter 二、 --- 中國建制更正敎會神學的形成處境 --- p.31 / Chapter A. --- 政治處境 --- p.33 / Chapter 1. --- 從國家-社會關係看政敎關係 --- p.33 / Chapter 2. --- 建制敎會在統一戰線中 --- p.36 / Chapter 3. --- 微妙的政敎關係 --- p.42 / Chapter B. --- 教會脈絡 --- p.45 / Chapter C. --- 神學話語與兩大處境 --- p.50 / Chapter 三、 --- 當代中國建制更正敎會的主導神學話語 --- p.55 / Chapter A. --- 引論 --- p.55 / Chapter 1. --- 主導神學的前提與方法 --- p.56 / Chapter 2. --- 主導神學的議題與重點 --- p.63 / Chapter B. --- 上帝與人世的關係 --- p.66 / Chapter 1. --- 宇宙的基督 --- p.67 / Chapter 2. --- 全愛的上帝 --- p.73 / Chapter C. --- 上帝在人世的作爲 --- p.77 / Chapter 1. --- 遍在的聖靈 --- p.77 / Chapter 2. --- 中國的基督事件 --- p.79 / Chapter 3. --- 上帝在歷史進程中 --- p.82 / Chapter a) --- 由創造至終末 --- p.82 / Chapter b) --- 對國家、 敎會的顧 佑 --- p.84 / Chapter 四、 --- 當代中國建制更正敎會的另類神學話語 --- p.87 / Chapter A. --- 引論 --- p.87 / Chapter B. --- 國外神學的引介 --- p.89 / Chapter C. --- 「文革後」神學反省 --- p.91 / Chapter D. --- 先知傳統與社會政治批判 --- p.96 / Chapter 1. --- 先知傳統的冒現 --- p.96 / Chapter 2. --- 社會責任與先知作用 --- p.97 / Chapter 3. --- 社會政治批判 --- p.101 / Chapter E. --- 對主導話語的挑戰 --- p.106 / Chapter 五、 --- 結論 --- p.109 / Chapter A. --- 當代中國建制更正敎會神學的特色及趨勢 --- p.109 / Chapter B. --- 討論 --- p.113 / Chapter 六、 --- 資料及書目 --- p.121 / Chapter A. --- 主要資料 --- p.121 / Chapter B. --- 中文書目 --- p.131 / Chapter C. --- 英文書目 --- p.134

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This thesis examines the educational experience from 1958 to 1983 in two Washington State high schools: Bellingham High School and Garfield High School, Seattle. It focuses on what happened to the structure, curriculum content and environment within these schools, and also discusses the process of centralisation in Washington State educational administration. The period of study was bounded by two reports: James Bryant Conant's The American High School Today (January 1959), and A Nation at Risk (issued in 1983) by the U.S. Secretary of Education, Terrell Bell, and the National Commission on Excellence in Education, reports which were issued in response to the Cold War and to growing international economic competition. Conant and his generation of educators sought a system of secondary education that, by opening educational opportunities to all young Americans, would close the critical Soviet- US gap in missile and space technology, and would give the Cold War victory to the United States. However, national policies, state administration and socio-cultural change in American life all contributed to a shift in classroom emphasis away from traditional academics and measures of students' achievement during the quarter-century after Conant - a condition made clear by the National Commission in 1983. Whatever the other values of these educational reforms, they had a negative effect on student attitudes towards academic achievement, resulting in a disengagement from all aspects of school life. Despite cultural differences, the parallel institutional experiences of Bellingham and Garfield, and the similarities that emerged between the schools' administrative structures, educational goals, teaching strategies and learning styles, imply that class was also an important factor shaping the educational experience in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s.

Orientador: Bernadete Aparecida Caprioglio de Castro / Banca: Silvia Aparecida Guarnieri Ortigoza / Banca: Fabrício Gallo / Banca: Everaldo Batista da Costa / Banca: Neusa de Fátima Mariano / Resumo: O tropeirismo foi uma atividade extremamente importante para o Brasil no período colonial. As regiões meridionais principalmente, tiveram nessa atividade uma alternativa para sua estagnação econômica. Devido a essa importância, os espaços da região sul do Brasil e sudoeste de São Paulo incorporaram elementos e se transformaram para atender a essa dinâmica. Também a população local com sua cultura e costumes, revela uma herança tropeira que ainda está presente na memória das pessoas. Na região sudoeste do estado de São Paulo vimos surgir iniciativas para resgate de cultura e tradição tropeira. Estas são impulsionadas pelas memórias de grupos que buscam refazer os principais caminhos das tropas do passado, demarcando espaços que permitem uma reconstrução da história com a intenção de reafirmar identidades. É o caso, por exemplo, da Tropeada Paulista, um evento anual que busca refazer o trecho paulista do antigo caminho de Viamão. Os participantes da tropeada percorrem o trajeto de Itararé a Sorocaba, buscando reconstruir experiências. O tropeirismo produziu relações socioeconômicas que estiveram associadas à produção de gêneros e produtos comercializáveis em diversas áreas do sul do país, como os faxinais, por exemplo, que possivelmente tiveram estruturas semelhantes na região paulista integrada à essa dinâmica, como as chamadas 'invernadas abertas' / Abstract: El troperismo fue una actividad muy importante para Brasil durante el período Colonial. Las regiones meridionais, sobre todo, tuvieron en esta actividad una alternativa al estancamiento económico. Debido a esta importancia, las zonas del sur de Brasil y suroeste de São Paulo incorporaron elementos y se transformaron para suplir a esta dinámica. Además, la gente local, su cultura y sus costumbres, revelan uma herencia que todavia se encuentra en la memoria de las personas. En la región suroeste del estado de São Paulo vimos surgir iniciativas para rescatar la cultura y la tradición tropeira. Estos son impulsados por las memorias de los grupos que intentam rehacer las rutas de los tropeiros en el passado, demarcando espacios que permiten reconstruir la historia com la intencion de reafirmar identidades. Este es el caso, por ejemplo, de la Tropeada Paulista, un evento anual que busca reconstruir la parte paulista del camino de Viamão. Los participantes viajan por el camino de Itararé hasta Sorocaba, tratando de reconstruir experiências. El tropeirismo produció relaciones sociales y económicas que estuvieran associadas a la producion del géneros y productos comercializables en diversas regiones del sur del país, como en los Faxinais, por ejemplo, que posiblemente tuvieron estruturas similares en la region paulista integrada a esa dinámica, como las conocidas como "invernadas abiertas" / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-10-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000736422.pdf: 7616059 bytes, checksum: 11dffb2766c8b1edf3ef29728ed230b5 (MD5) / O tropeirismo foi uma atividade extremamente importante para o Brasil no período colonial. As regiões meridionais principalmente, tiveram nessa atividade uma alternativa para sua estagnação econômica. Devido a essa importância, os espaços da região sul do Brasil e sudoeste de São Paulo incorporaram elementos e se transformaram para atender a essa dinâmica. Também a população local com sua cultura e costumes, revela uma herança tropeira que ainda está presente na memória das pessoas. Na região sudoeste do estado de São Paulo vimos surgir iniciativas para resgate de cultura e tradição tropeira. Estas são impulsionadas pelas memórias de grupos que buscam refazer os principais caminhos das tropas do passado, demarcando espaços que permitem uma reconstrução da história com a intenção de reafirmar identidades. É o caso, por exemplo, da Tropeada Paulista, um evento anual que busca refazer o trecho paulista do antigo caminho de Viamão. Os participantes da tropeada percorrem o trajeto de Itararé a Sorocaba, buscando reconstruir experiências. O tropeirismo produziu relações socioeconômicas que estiveram associadas à produção de gêneros e produtos comercializáveis em diversas áreas do sul do país, como os faxinais, por exemplo, que possivelmente tiveram estruturas semelhantes na região paulista integrada à essa dinâmica, como as chamadas ‘invernadas abertas' / El troperismo fue una actividad muy importante para Brasil durante el período Colonial. Las regiones meridionais, sobre todo, tuvieron en esta actividad una alternativa al estancamiento económico. Debido a esta importancia, las zonas del sur de Brasil y suroeste de São Paulo incorporaron elementos y se transformaron para suplir a esta dinámica. Además, la gente local, su cultura y sus costumbres, revelan uma herencia que todavia se encuentra en la memoria de las personas. En la región suroeste del estado de São Paulo vimos surgir iniciativas para rescatar la cultura y la tradición tropeira. Estos son impulsados por las memorias de los grupos que intentam rehacer las rutas de los tropeiros en el passado, demarcando espacios que permiten reconstruir la historia com la intencion de reafirmar identidades. Este es el caso, por ejemplo, de la Tropeada Paulista, un evento anual que busca reconstruir la parte paulista del camino de Viamão. Los participantes viajan por el camino de Itararé hasta Sorocaba, tratando de reconstruir experiências. El tropeirismo produció relaciones sociales y económicas que estuvieran associadas a la producion del géneros y productos comercializables en diversas regiones del sur del país, como en los Faxinais, por ejemplo, que posiblemente tuvieron estruturas similares en la region paulista integrada a esa dinámica, como las conocidas como “invernadas abiertas”

The purposes of this study are to describe the past and the present systems of secondary education in the Cross River State of Nigeria; to examine the goals, achievements, and failures of each with special consideration for the period from 1970 to 1981; and to make recommendations for improvement of the secondary educational system in the Cross River State of Nigeria.

During the late nineteenth century American reformers crafted a physical culture designed to help adjust their nation to the social changes fostered by industrialization, urbanization and immigration. The creators of modern sport considered athletics a "technology" for building a modern liberal civilization. Their "sporting republic" quickly gained a prominent place in American life. America's Athletic Missionaries examines the impact that United States participation in the Olympic Games, from 1896 to 1936, had on American culture. The idea of the sporting republic united politics and the strenuous life. In the Olympics Americans discovered a particularly rich environment for both athletic and political demonstrations. The architects of the sporting republic thought that sport could create livable urban environments, fight crime, promote democracy, Americanize the recently acquired empire, and assimilate immigrant populations. American Olympic teams earned the moniker of "America's athletic missionaries" for their performances at the first five Olympic Games. American Olympians enjoyed the active support of the political, business and academic elite. Lionized by the press and showered with public acclaim, the Olympians became symbols of the power of sport in channeling human energy in socially productive directions. During the 1920s the role of the sporting republic underwent a transformation. Sport, as had many other facets of Progressive reform, had been accepted as part of the orthodoxy of American values. But the political nature of sport changed. Abandoned by intellectuals who associated it with middle-class materialism, sport was increasingly cast as a form of escapism and disassociated from political action. The new version of sport became one of the totems of consumer culture. The press depicted the Olympic Games of the 1920s as sensational spectacles, without any significant political overtones. By the 1930s Americans had rediscovered the political uses of sport. Much of the world had come to view the Olympic Games as tests of national strength and many countries devoted great resources in the pursuit of athletic conquest. This study examines the relationship between political and physical culture, the uses of athletic ideology in the construction of American civilization, and the function of sport as a cultural tool.

ln a class action suit brought to obtain a judgment declaring that the Kentucky system of financing public elementary and secondary education violated the Kentucky Constitution Judge Ray Corns ruled the system unconstitutional on May 31, 1988. He held that the system violated not only the state constitution but also the due process and equal protection clauses of the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, the study traced the historical and legal development of the financial support system for public elementary and secondary education from 1830 to the present date. Second, the study analyzed the facts surrounding the ruling declaring the system unconstitutional. The study was a historical review of the legislative documents, historical records, and legislative acts which set the stage for the unconstitutional judgment. Judge Ray Corns, the Circuit Court judge rendering the decision, and other key actors in The Council for Better Education v. Wilkinson were interviewed to analyze facts and events related to the ruling that the system was unconstitutional. / Ed. D.

In this study, we explore the reason why Ming people did not use sea transportation to solve the problem of supplying Beijing from the perspectives of political history and intellectual history. Chapter 2 and chapter 3 reconstruct the decision-making processes in sea transportation. Chapter 4 analyses state and local political factors which influenced the result of decision-making. Chapter 6 discusses the spread and evolution of sea transportation knowledge in the intellectual sphere. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Sea transportation in this study refers to a specific form of maritime activity---grain transportation by sea. Sea transportation in the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) was conducted in the years before the Grand Canal became the major route of grain transportation. Although retrospectively it was only a transitional means of grain transportation in the dynasty, it was often proposed to be an alternative to canal transportation when the Grand Canal was malfunctioning. Because of what was involved in the grain supply of the imperial capital, sea transportation never ceased to be an issue in the political history of the Ming. / 樊鏵. / 呈交日期: 2006年9月. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. 339-359). / Cheng jiao ri qi: 2006 nian 9 yue. / Adviser: Hung-lam Chu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-08, Section: A, page: 3545. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. 339-359). / Fan Hua.