This dissertation is an historical and philosophical study on the development of a subjective concept of individual rights. It takes the form of a history of ideas informed by genealogical methods of inquiry. Rather than seeking an origin for and underlying truth to human rights, it treats human rights as a product of various historical developments which are capable of being investigated in terms of their contingency as well as their continuous traditions. The thesis begins with an analysis of political theory in ancient Greek thought, primarily as a means of suggesting possible alternative political philosophies to the rights-based approach dominant in modern Western societies. The thesis then considers the theologicalpolitical discourse on sovereignty in the early Middle Ages, revolving around the doctrine of divine right and influenced by the function of the Christian Church in defining the nature of government. This is followed by an examination of the emergence of hierarchical, feudal relations and the formulation of feudal rights as based on proprietary notions and coinciding with individual liberties. In the following chapter there is a discussion of the juridical construction of sovereign power that emerged from the reception of Roman law and the development of canon law, the influence of legal textuality on the granting of rights and liberties, and the emergence of a discourse on public right as a way of defining the relationship between the prince and his subjects and thus delimiting sovereign authority. Finally, the thesis considers the legacy of the theory of natural rights and its relationship to forms of liberty, with an analysis of: firstly, the idea of natural rights that developed through canon law and the discussions surrounding the Franciscan poverty disputes; secondly, the role of property rights in the formulation of the rights of liberty; thirdly, the Christian understanding of liberty as a subjective attribute or power through the theo-ontological theory of human nature as represented by the free will; and fourthly, the transformation in Renaissance and early modern legal and political theory of the concept of liberty into a political doctrine about individual autonomy and inherent freedom. The purpose of the dissertation is to describe the multiple and complex historical processes from which the idea of subjective rights has emerged, as a means of understanding how human rights have come to play a seemingly essential role in modern legal and political discourses and practices.

No description available.

Thesis (MA (History))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Although the environment is of obvious and primary importance in agriculture, the historical relationship between agriculture and the environment has not been widely researched. A socio-environmental paradigm provides a useful, inter-disciplinary framework for writing history. It takes into account the fact that ‘natural disasters’ are not merely happening to farmers, governments and communities, subsequently disturbing economic growth-patterns and reverberating amongst policy-makers and politicians. The relationship is much more reciprocal. The environment is not perceived as a player that sometimes disrupts the historical narrative, forcing the plot in a certain direction before returning to the wings. It is rather percieved as an agent within agricultural history. The social-cultural as well as material relationships between people (in this case white farmers), state and the environment are explored as an ecosystem. The thesis focuses on a time period after the First World War to just after the Second World War (c.1920 – c.1950). It asks questions: whom and what has informed the ideas of the state with regards to agriculture and to what extent did it filtered through to the farming communities themselves? The motives behind these approaches are explored. The thesis will also look at how officials translated the policies, legislation and education into what was perceived as functional for the farmers and effective for the environment, tracing how it changed over time. The shifting perception of the farmers about the environment and themselves, and the role of the state played in ‘management’ of the environment are analysed, using press correspondence, marketing campaigns and popular texts. Two themes that garnered much debate in the agricultural sector at the state, farmer and environment interface, include the ‘disasters’ of soil erosion and locust plagues. On the level of ‘scientific agriculture,’ the shift from Europe as a point of reference to the United States is discussed. This is done against the backdrop of South Africa’s semi-arid landscape and how farmers came to grips with this ostensibly hostile environment in an era where mechanisation and urbanisation are thought to have radically altered the conceptualisation of the natural environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kobelinski_m_dr_assis.pdf: 746278 bytes, checksum: efac334b8bbf287fda4bbbbbee213df9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O trabalho pretende apresentar uma abordagem no campo da história cultural ao privilegiar uma análise sobre o problema da construção do ufanismo e do ressentimento na formação da identidade luso-brasileira. Entendendo que o ufanismo e o ressentimento são comportamentos humanos subjetivos, complexos e contraditórios, identifiquei inicialmente a sua manifestação no Brasil colonial nos embates entre “paulistas” e “forasteiros” na região das Minas Gerais (Guerra dos emboabas, 1708-1709). Posteriormente, entre 1768 e 1774, durante o governo de Dom Luis Antônio de Souza Botelho Mourão (Morgado de Mateus), na capitania de São Paulo analisei como a construção da história paulista não só retomava as pendências (culturais, sociais, políticas e jurídicas) da Guerra dos Emboabas, mas também se estruturava em ressentimentos pessoal, coletivo e político. Sob um novo enfoque, foi analisada a documentação de André João Antonil, o códice Matoso, os pressupostos dos historiadores Frei Gaspar da Madre de Deus, Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes Leme, Francisco Tossi Columbina, Cláudio Manuel da Costa, Theotônio José Juzarte e, finalmente, a documentação de Afonso Botelho de Sampaio e Souza que consta de relatórios militares, correspondências e poesias. Identificou-se nestas fontes que o ufanismo e o ressentimento eram sensibilidades em oposição e correspondência, e estavam ligadas a uma identidade paulista fundamentada na contradição e na negação da realidade colonial. Seguindo este percurso, foram analisadas as ações e reações às manipulações sociais,... / This work intends an approach in the history cultural field in order to give advantages to an analysis about the problem of ufanism construction and the resentment in the formation of Portuguese-Brazilian identity. In order to understand that ufanism and the resentments are subjective, complex and contradictories human behaviors, It was first identified their manifestation in the Brazil colony in the from contends between “natives of São Paulo” and “outsiders” (called emboabas) in the region of Minas Gerais (Emboadas War 1707-1709). After that, among 1768 and 1774, in the government of Dom Luis Antônio de Souza Botelho Mourão (Morgado de Mateus), in the capitany of São Paulo, It was analyzed how the construction of Paulistan history , not only retook the (culture, social, politics and juridical) pendencies of Emboadas War, but also it structured themselves as personal, collective an politic resentment. These sensibilities appeared in Brazil from contends between “paulistans” or “natives of São Paulo” and “outsiders” (called emboabas) in the region of Minas Gerais (1707-1709). Later in the XVIII century, the ufanismo retook those pending contends being definitively structured by Paulistans in Historians into the conflicting process and social negotiation. By a new point of view it was focused on the documentation of André João Antonil, the Códice Matoso, the historian’s presuppositions Frei Gaspar da Madre de Deus, Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes Leme, Francisco Tossi Columbina, Cláudio Manuel da Costa, Theotônio José Juzarte, and finally the documentation of Afonso Botelho de Sampaio e Souza ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Orientador: Wilma Peres Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T15:42:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_BrunoAidar_M.pdf: 1962393 bytes, checksum: fd5c8f46ff21f93caac8246d3a8cf522 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O presente estudo busca analisar os intentos de reforma da administração fazendária na capitania de São Paulo durante a gestão do ilustrado D. Rodrigo de Souza Coutinho na Secretaria da Marinha e dos Domínios Ultramarinos (1796-1801) e depois como Presidente do Erário Régio (1801-1803). A partir da correspondência trocada entre o estadista e os capitães-generais da capitania Antonio Manoel de Mello Castro e Mendonça (1797-1802) e Antonio José de Franca e Horta (1802-1811) apontamos: (1) as especificidades das estruturas de receitas e gastos em São Paulo decorrentes de sua posição periférica na América Portuguesa, (2) as distâncias entre os projetos reformistas e a prática política na questão do acúmulo e organização das informações fiscais, das formas de arrecadação dos impostos, da redução dos tributos para o fomento agrícola e da composição dos gastos da capitania e (3) as dificuldades na articulação fazendária entre o centro e as partes do império ultramarino como manifestação da crise do antigo colonialismo / Abstract: The current study aims to examine the intents of reform regarding the royal treasury management in the captaincy of São Paulo at the time of the administration of D. Rodrigo de Souza Coutinho, a Portuguese Enlightened statesman, in the Secretary of Navy and Overseas Domains (1796-1801) and, afterwards, as President of the Royal Exchequer (1801-1803). Using the correspondence exchanged between Souza Coutinho and the general-captains Antonio Manoel de Mello Castro e Mendonça (1797-1802) and Antonio José de Franca e Horta (1802-1811), we have pointed: (1) the specificities of revenues and spending structures in São Paulo because of its peripheral position in Portuguese America, (2) the detachment between the reformist projects and the political practices in the issues of gathering and organizing fiscal data, the modes of tax collecting, the reduction of tributes for the agricultural improvement and the composition of spending in the captaincy and (3) the difficulties to articulate the center and the parts in the seaborne empire, from the royal treasury point of view, as a symptom of the crisis of the old colonialism / Mestrado / Historia Economica / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Orientador: Cristina Meneguello / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T14:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uhle_AnaRita_D.pdf: 63497212 bytes, checksum: dc6c983c8e0ed7f1fa84f870912a25e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este estudo versa sobre os processos que envolvem a idealização e construção de monumentos celebrativos na cidade de São Paulo ao longo do século XX. São analisadas quatro obras cujas narrativas tratam de episódios da história colonial paulista: o Monumento à Glória Imortal dos Fundadores de São Paulo, o Monumento às Bandeiras, o Monumento à Fundação de São Paulo e o Monumento a Anchieta. Por meio de um conjunto de documentos produzidos nos concursos públicos, em debates na imprensa, trocas de correspondências e memórias, busco compreender como essas obras foram fabricadas, desde o surgimento da idéia até as estratégias para sua viabilização, levando em conta os diversos conflitos nos momentos de definição do tema, da concepção formal ou da versão escolhida sobre o episódio comemorado. Havia uma pluralidade de interesses que operava na realização desses projetos de monumentos: do escultor, do conselheiro iconográfico, de agentes do poder público, de jornalistas ou de historiadores. A proposta dessa tese é a de construir uma história social dos monumentos celebrativos, do diálogo e das trocas que aconteciam ao longo de sua construção, ao perceber os personagens e analisar as obras como frutos de um processo intensamente negociado / Abstract: This study deals with the process involved in the idealization and construction of four celebration monuments at the city of São Paulo during the twentieth century, all related with episodes of the colonial history of São Paulo: the Monumento à Glória Imortal dos Fundadores de São Paulo, the Monumento às Bandeiras, the Monumento à Fundação de São Paulo and the Monumento a Anchieta. Through a set of documents produced either during the public contest, in press debates, correspondence exchanges or in memoirs, I seek to understand how these monuments were produced from the initial idea to the strategies for their development, taking into account the wide range conflicts such as the formal conception or the version of the celebrated episode. I found a wide range of distinct interests that guided the realization of monument's projects: the will of the sculptor, the government iconographic advisor, journalists or historians. The purpose of this thesis is to build a social history of the monuments celebration from the dialogue and exchanges that took place during its construction, to understand the characters and analyze the monument as result of an intensely negotiated process / Doutorado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Doutora em História

Orientador: Silvana Barbosa Rubino / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T20:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zambello_MarcoHenrique_D.pdf: 4127486 bytes, checksum: ce33dd23d7e745aba23ab1f9a661a411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A pesquisa estudou o declínio ferroviário paulista, cujo progresso se baseou na relação econômica da monocultura cafeeira. As ferrovias paulistas do interior dependeram da ferrovia inglesa SPR, que se desenvolveu tecnologicamente pela pressão dos cafeicultores paulistas. Estes, por sua vez, visavam o escoamento do café. A partir da década de 1950, houve o favorecimento ao transporte rodoviário, quando trilhos foram substituídos por asfaltos. As imagens produzidas no passado serviam para apresentar os investimentos aos acionistas das ferrovias, cuja natureza é seu desgaste progressivo. Porém, pelo seu caráter efêmero, as estradas de ferro logo foram classificadas como elemento de memória, mas pouco esforço voltou-se para a preservação do passado ferroviário. As obras do passado declinam simbolicamente, pois a memória não encontra resposta social, tendo em vista a característica naturalizada da ferrovia como um transporte do passado. Hoje, o abandono domina os cenários ferroviários das cidades do interior, que não recebeu os mesmos investimentos que as ferrovias concentradas na capital. O abandono resulta de um planejamento racional, de grupos que percebem o lucro na apropriação dos terrenos das antigas estradas de ferro. Como estratégia, a ferrovia sai da condição de transporte útil e necessário e passa a ser visto pela opinião pública (imprensa e governantes), como violento e que precisa ser removido das cidades. Os projetos voltados à memória ferroviária, raramente consideram o valor do trabalho presente nas obras, que resultaram da atividade caracterizada pelo amor do ferroviário em relação ao seu trabalho e à "família ferroviária". Esta dimensão aparece em alguns projetos de preservação na Itália, cujo principal investidor é a lucrativa ferrovia estatal / Abstract: The research studied the railroad downfall in São Paulo State, which progress was based on the economic relation with the coffee plantation. The São Paulo State country railroads depended on the British railroad SPR that was technically developed under the coffee farmers¿ pressure. Those farmers aimed the coffee flow. Since 1950s, the road transport has been favored and the rails were substituted by paved highways. Images produced in the past where used to present investments to the railroad shareholders, whose nature is its progressive wastage. However, due to its ephemeral character, the railroad were soon classified as memorial element, and little effort was directed towards the railroad past preservation. The past works decline symbolically, as the memories do not find social responses, considering the neutralized characterization of the railroad as transport of the past. Nowadays, abandonment dominates the railroad scape in the country cities, which have not received the same investments as the railroads located on the capital of the state. This abandonment results from a rational planning of groups that realized the large profit in the appropriation of old railroad lots. As a strategy, the railway leaves the condition of utile and necessary transport and starts to be seen by the public opinion (media and government) as something violent that needs to be removed from the cities. The projects that look in to the railroad memory rarely consider the value of the work within the structures that resulted from an activity characterized by the love of the railroad worker towards its work and the "railroad family". This dimension appears in some preservation projects in Italy, where the main investor is the profitable state railroad / Doutorado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Doutor em História

No description available.

劉榮方 = Educational development in Taishan county, Guangdong since the late Qing ... / 複印本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Fu yin ben. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-244). / Liu Rongfang = Educational development in Taishan county, Guangdong since the late Qing ... / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 第一章 --- 引論 / Chapter 第一節 --- 緒言 --- p.1-2 / Chapter 第二節 --- 問題說明 --- p.3-4 / Chapter 第三節 --- 研究動機 --- p.5-8 / Chapter 第四節 --- 研究目的 --- p.9 / Chapter 第五節 --- 研究價值 --- p.10-11 / Chapter 第六節 --- 研究範圍及定義 --- p.12-15 / Chapter 第七節 --- 研究方法 --- p.16-19 / 註釋 --- p.20-27 / Chapter 第二章 --- 科舉制度下清朝台山縣教育情況 / Chapter 第一節 --- 傳統的教育政策與實施情況 --- p.28-30 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清朝廢科舉前台山縣教育情況 / Chapter 一 --- 縣學 --- p.31-35 / Chapter 二 --- 書院、義學 --- p.36-44 / Chapter 三 --- 私塾 --- p.45-49 / 註釋 --- p.50-56 / Chapter 第三章 --- 廢科舉後清末及民國台山縣教育情況 --- p.57-60 / Chapter 第一節 --- 廢科舉後清末台山縣教育情況 / Chapter 第二節 --- 民國時期台山縣教育情況 / Chapter 一 --- 教育行政 --- p.61-63 / Chapter 二 --- 教育經費 --- p.64-70 / Chapter 三 --- 教育人員 --- p.71-72 / Chapter 四 --- 教育發展概況 --- p.73-77 / Chapter 五 --- 學生的升學和就業情況 --- p.78-81 / 註釋 --- p.82-95 / Chapter 第四章 --- 中華人民共和國成立後台山縣情況 / Chapter 第一節 --- 教育行政 --- p.96-107 / Chapter 第二節 --- 教育經費 --- p.108-125 / Chapter 第三節 --- 教育人員 --- p.126-137 / Chapter 第四節 --- 教育發展概況 --- p.138-146 / Chapter 第五節 --- 學生的升學和就業情況 --- p.147-162 / 註釋 --- p.163-175 / Chapter 第五章 --- 結論 / Chapter 第一節 --- 台山縣教育歷史的回顧 --- p.176-186 / Chapter 第二節 --- 台山縣教育發展的前瞻 --- p.187-190 / Chapter 第三節 --- 改進台山縣教育的建議 --- p.191-193 / 註釋 --- p.194-197 / 附錄 --- p.198-231 / 參考書目 --- p.232-244

Esta tese analisa a relação entre os jornalistas e o Sindicato dos jornalistas Profissionais no Estado de São Paulo, tendo como base empírica pesquisa realizada junto à categoria e os mais de trinta anos de experiência do autor no movimento sindical. O trabalho investiga as raízes do distanciamento entre os profissionais e a entidade, fenômeno que vem se agravando paulatinamente desde os anos 1980. Discute se tal distanciamento constitui declínio ou crise, conceitos abordados na obra de Leôncio Martins Rodrigues (1999) para analisar a realidade atual do movimento sindical global e brasileiro, marcado pela queda das taxas de sindicalização. Declínio como o caminhar rumo ao fim e crise como recuo, mas que contém em si a esperança e a possibilidade de superação a partir da capacidade crítica e da emergência de novas e criativas perspectivas, estratégias e apostas políticas, em contextos sociais complexos, mutantes e diversos. O autor dialoga com o pensamento de Henri Lefebvre (1981; 2006) e sua análise crítica da realidade e dos conflitos sociais e políticos que a marcam. Analisa as principais mudanças na imprensa e no jornalismo, no mundo e no Brasil. Entre essas, ressalta a questão da despolitização presente tanto no conteúdo da produção jornalística como nas gerações pós-anos 1970, que passaram a integrar a nova base social da categoria, marcada pela juvenilização combinada à crescente precarização das condições de trabalho. Em termos das relações de trabalho, a flexibilização e a reorganização produtiva que tomaram conta do mundo nas últimas décadas tiveram uma impacto particular entre os jornalistas, fenômeno que o autor analisa em especial no caso exemplar do Projeto Folha, e os reflexos desses processos sobre os jornalistas, assim como no seu relacionamento com o Sindicato. A tese apresenta em largos traços, de forma descritiva, o que é o Sindicato dos Jornalistas Profissionais no Estado de São Paulo e suas principais iniciativas e atividades. Com base nos dados e nos depoimentos recolhidos das respostas do questionário, esboça o perfil do jornalista profissional de São Paulo e realiza a análise de conteúdo dos depoimentos. Para esta análise foi feita uma adaptação da metodologia proposta por Laurence Bardin (2010). O desenvolvimento da tese aponta para novas questões a serem aprofundadas em futuras pesquisas acadêmicas e vem contribuir para problematizar a organização de uma categoria fundamental para o fortalecimento da democracia brasileira. / This thesis investigates the relationship between journalists and the Professional Union of Journalists in São Paulo State based on empirical data and research conducted by the author who has more than 30 years of experience in the union movement. This piece examines the roots of distancing between the professional and the entity, a phenomenon that has slowly worsened since the 1980\'s. It has been pondered over whether this distance constitutes a decline or crisis, in concepts touched on in the work of Leôncio Martins Rodrigues (1999) to analyze the current global and Brazilian reality of the union movement, marked by the fall of the union taxes. Decline as a walk towards the end and crisis as a retreat, containing in itself the hope and possibility of bypassing from a critical capacity and the emergence of new and creative perspectives, strategies and political evils, in complex social contexts, changing and diverse. The author sees through the thinking of Henri Lefebvre (1981; 2006) and his critical analysis of reality coupled with social and political conflicts. He analyses the main changes in press and journalism, in the world and in Brazil. Amid these, he underlines the question of the de-politicization present in the contents of journalistic production as well as in the generations after the 1970\'s which turned to integrating the new social base of the workers, marked by renovation allied to the increasing precariousness of working conditions. In terms of working relations, the flexibility and the productive reorganization that engulfed the world in the last decade had a particular impact among journalists, a phenomenon which the author particularly examines with the exemplar case of the Folha Project, and the consequences of these processes in relation to the journalists, as well as in their ties with the union. The thesis presents in a wide portrait, a descriptive way of what is the Professional Union of Journalists in São Paulo State and their main initiatives and activities. Based on data and on respondents\' contribution, it outlines the profile of the professional journalist in São Paulo State and analyses the contents from the questionnaires. For this analysis an adaptation of the methodology proposed by Laurence Bardin (2010) was made. The development of this thesis points out new questions to be deepened in future academic research and contributes to discussion on the organization of a fundamental category to the strengthening of Brazilian democracy.