Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2281149 bytes, checksum: d14380e3a4dd073ce04f00366150d758 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study investigated and analyzed the existence of music performance anxiety among music students of the Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), in the context of instrument music classes. In this survey 28 students coming from pre-college, undergraduate and graduate music program from UFPB took part, in a total of four classes coordinated by faculty members of the UFPB Music Department. As a research procedure psychological tests that assessed levels of state-trait anxiety, music performance anxiety and participant observation were applied. They were undertaken during the semester final recitals of each class. From the analysis, comparison and correlation of the results of psychological tests and participant observation, we found levels of state-trait anxiety above what was predicted by normative samples and consistent with those of studies conducted in other parts of the world, with orchestra musicians and professional choirs. We also found levels of anxiety in music performance similar to existing research, and clear physical signs and behavioral of musical performance anxiety. The analysis of research variables: gender, education, age, occupation and level of demand confirmed some of the assumptions in the literature and brought new findings, which opened space for further discussion and research. These results confirm the hypothesis that anxiety in music performance is a widespread phenomenon that can affect musicians of any age, level or technical training, from students to professionals. Therefore, our data are indicative of the existence of actual music performance anxiety among music students of the UFPB, alerting us to the occurrence of a factor detrimental not only to performance, but also to the health and psychological well-being of musicians. / O presente trabalho investigou e analisou a existência da ansiedade em performance musical entre os alunos de música da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), no contexto das classes coletivas de instrumento. Fizeram parte desta pesquisa 28 alunos vindos dos cursos de Extensão, Bacharelado, Licenciatura, e Pós-Graduação em Música da UFPB, participantes de quatro turmas coletivas, coordenadas por professores do Departamento de Música. Como procedimento de pesquisa foram aplicados testes psicológicos que avaliaram os níveis de ansiedade de estado-traço e ansiedade em performance musical e empreendida observação participante durante os recitais de final de semestre de cada uma das turmas. A partir da análise, comparação e correlação dos resultados dos testes psicológicos e da observação participante, encontramos níveis de ansiedade de estado-traço acima do que era previsto pelas amostras normativas e compatíveis com os de estudos realizados em outras partes do mundo, com músicos de orquestras e de corais profissionais. Também encontramos níveis de ansiedade em performance musical semelhantes aos de pesquisas existentes, além de sinais físicos e comportamentais visíveis. A análise das variáveis de pesquisa: gênero, escolaridade, idade, profissão e grau de exigência confirmou algumas das hipóteses presentes na literatura e trouxe novos achados, os quais abrem espaço para outras discussões e pesquisas. Estes resultados confirmam a hipótese de que ansiedade em performance musical é um fenômeno generalizado, que pode acometer músicos de qualquer idade, nível técnico ou formação, desde estudantes à profissionais. Ainda, os dados aqui obtidos são indicativos reais da existência de ansiedade em performance musical entre os alunos de música da UFPB, alertando-nos para a ocorrência de um fator prejudicial não só à performance, mas também a saúde e ao bem-estar psicológico do músico.

[pt] O Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) apresenta duas escalas cujo propósito é o de quantificar a ansiedade enquanto estado (IDATE-E) e a ansiedade enquanto traço (IDATE-T). O estado de ansiedade consiste numa condição cognitivoafetiva transitória enquanto que o traço de ansiedade representa uma característica mais estável da personalidade. Vários estudos indicam que estrutura latente da escala IDATET apresenta dois fatores. Diferentes interpretações destes dois fatores têm sido levantadas. Uma delas aponta para um fator composto por itens com conteúdo semântico que expressam a presença de ansiedade, tensão ou preocupação enquanto que o outro fator parece estar relacionado com itens cujo conteúdo semântico expressa a ausência de ansiedade, tais como tranqüilidade, estabilidade e satisfação. Entretanto, outros estudos sugerem que um destes fatores estaria mais diretamente relacionado à depressão. Frente a esta discussão, o propósito do presente estudo foi o de reavaliar a estrutura fatorial desta escala a partir de três amostras brasileiras com características distintas: a) estudantes de duas Universidades da cidade do Rio de Janeiro; b) estudantes do último ano do ensino médio da cidade de Brasília; c) militares em processo de avaliação. Os resultados indicaram a existência de estruturas fatoriais distintas do IDATE-T em função da amostra estudada. Amostras formadas por universitários e alunos do ensino médio apresentaram uma estrutura fatorial favorável à interpretação de um componente de ansiedade e outro de depressão. Por outro lado, a amostra formada por militares em processo de avaliação favoreceu uma interpretação mais especifica dos IDATE-T, onde os dois fatores parecem estar associados à presença ou à ausência de ansiedade. Aspectos teóricos relacionados com a capacidade que instrumentos têm em distinguir constructos relacionados com ansiedade e depressão são discutidos. / [en] The State - Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is composed of two scales which intend to measures state (STAI-S) and trait (STAI-T) anxiety components. State anxiety refers to a transitory emotional state characterized by subjective feelings of tension that may vary in intensity over time whereas trait anxiety represents a relatively stable disposition to respond to stress with anxiety and a tendency to perceive a wider range of situations as threatening. Several studies indicate that STAI-T latent structure presents two factors. Different interpretations have been raised to explain the nature of these factors. One of them proposed that that one factor is composed by items which express the presence of anxiety, such as tension and worry whereas the other factor seems to be related with items which express the absence of anxiety, such as rest, stability and satisfaction. However, other studies pointed out that one of these factors might be related to humor, more specifically depression. Therefore, the present study further investigates the factor structure of the STAI-T in three different Brazilian samples with distinct characteristics: a) students from two different Universities from Rio de Janeiro; b) high school students from Brasilia and c) marine subjects during a military draft. Results indicated that STAI-T factor structure depended on the sample investigated. University and high school students presented a factorial structure convergent with the anxiety and depression interpretation. On the other hand, the military sample presented a factorial structure based on the anxiety present anxiety absence interpretation. Theoretical aspects related to the ability of instruments to discriminate anxiety and depression are discussed.

Previous research into the accuracy of referrals for glaucoma has shown that a large number of referrals to the Hospital Eye Service are false positive. Research in areas of healthcare other than ophthalmology has shown that psychological distress can be caused by false positive referrals. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of referrals to the HES for all ocular pathologies, and also to quantify the proportion of these referrals that were false positive. Any commonality between false positive referrals was investigated. The psychological effect of being referred to the HES was also evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Both scales were validated in this population with Rasch analysis before use. A final aim was to develop an improvement to the present referral pathway in order to reduce numbers of false positive referrals. The accuracy of referrals to the HES appears to improve as clinicians become more experienced, and greater numbers of false positive referrals are generated by female clinicians. Optometrists refer patients with a wide range of ocular diseases and in most cases include both fundus observations and visual acuity measurements in their referrals. GPs mainly refer patients with anterior segment disorders, particularly lid lesions, based on direct observation and symptoms. Illegibility and missing clinical information reduce the quality of many optometric referrals. Patients referred to the HES experience raised levels of anxiety as measured by the STAI and raised levels of depression as measured by the HADS-Depression subscale. As a method of assessing psychological distress, the questionnaires HADS-T (all items), STAI-S (State subscale) and STAI-T (Trait subscale) show good discrimination between patients when administered to a population of new ophthalmic outpatients, despite all having a floor effect. Subsequently a referral refinement service was developed which reduced numbers of unnecessary referrals and reduced costs for the NHS.

Previous research into the accuracy of referrals for glaucoma has shown that a large number of referrals to the Hospital Eye Service are false positive. Research in areas of healthcare other than ophthalmology has shown that psychological distress can be caused by false positive referrals. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of referrals to the HES for all ocular pathologies, and also to quantify the proportion of these referrals that were false positive. Any commonality between false positive referrals was investigated. The psychological effect of being referred to the HES was also evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Both scales were validated in this population with Rasch analysis before use. A final aim was to develop an improvement to the present referral pathway in order to reduce numbers of false positive referrals. The accuracy of referrals to the HES appears to improve as clinicians become more experienced, and greater numbers of false positive referrals are generated by female clinicians. Optometrists refer patients with a wide range of ocular diseases and in most cases include both fundus observations and visual acuity measurements in their referrals. GPs mainly refer patients with anterior segment disorders, particularly lid lesions, based on direct observation and symptoms. Illegibility and missing clinical information reduce the quality of many optometric referrals. Patients referred to the HES experience raised levels of anxiety as measured by the STAI and raised levels of depression as measured by the HADS-Depression subscale. As a method of assessing psychological distress, the questionnaires HADS-T (all items), STAI-S (State subscale) and STAI-T (Trait subscale) show good discrimination between patients when administered to a population of new ophthalmic outpatients, despite all having a floor effect. Subsequently a referral refinement service was developed which reduced numbers of unnecessary referrals and reduced costs for the NHS.

The study seeks to bring together literature on decision-making, the effects of work-related demands and stress, and individual differences in trait anxiety on near and far transfer effects of emotional working memory training (eWM). A sample of 31 students and working participants underwent emotional working memory training through an adaptive dual n-back method or a placebo face match training task for 14 days. Pre- and post-training measures were taken of a near transfer task, digit span, medium transfer measure of executive control, emotional Stroop, and a far transfer task of decision-making under uncertainty, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). In line with previous studies, eWM was expected to show gains in transfer task performance between pre- and post-training, and, especially for those scoring high on trait anxiety and workplace measures of stress demands (taken from COPSOQ), for whom there is more scope for improvement in emotional regulation. Gains in emotional Stroop specifically were further expected to show support for the effects of eWM training on emotional well-being in addition to decision-making. Results fell short of replicating previous work on transfer gains, though interference effects in Stroop did lessen in the eWM training group. Relationships between work demands, anxiety, stress and performance in the training itself, reinforce previous research showing that work stress and anxiety lead to cognitive failures, highlighting the importance of intervention studies in the organizational field, but they were not linked to benefits of the training. Resource and methodological limitations of the current study are considered, especially those involved in conducting pre-post designs and cognitive testing online.

Este trabalhou avaliou o stress e a ansiedade em 30 casais, que se submeteram à reprodução assistida no momento anterior à coleta dos óvulos e/ou espermatozóides, tendo um tempo de infertilidade que variou de 1 a 17 anos. Para avaliação da ansiedade foi aplicado o STAI-STATE TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY (STAI) e o Stress foi avaliado através do SCOPE-STRESS. No STAI foi acrescentada uma escala visual analógica para medir também a intensidade da ansiedade. A Ficha de Identificação avaliou questões como: idade, sexo, nacionalidade, profissão, ocupação, religião, grau de instrução, renda mensal, estado civil, tempo de casado e questões como: tempo de infertilidade, filhos naturais ou adotivos, profissionais implicados no tratamento, a existência de tentativas anteriores e os momentos de maior tensão emocional nas tentativas anteriores e a atual. Dentre os 36 sujeitos que já haviam feito tentativas anteriores de Reprodução Assistida, um dos três momentos de maior tensão emocional foi o de aguardar a gravidez. Dentre os 60 sujeitos, ou seja, todos os que estão na tentativa atual, aguardar a gravidez foi também um dos três momentos que geraram maior tensão. O diagnóstico de infertilidade foi misto em 33,3% dos casais, apenas feminino em 20% e apenas masculino em 46,7% dos casais. As mulheres apresentaram grau de ansiedade significantemente maior que os homens quanto às escalas Stai-Trait freqüência e intensidade e semelhantes quanto às escalas Stai-State freqüência e intensidade. Não houve diferença significante entre os escores médios dos homens e mulheres quanto às medidas descritivas do Scope-Stress. / This work evaluated stress and anxiety in 30 couples submitted to assisted reproduction, with an infertility period that ranged from 1 to 17 years, the moment just before the oocyte retrieval and/or semen sample. For anxiety evaluation the Stai-State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied, and stress was evaluated using the Scope-Stress. While applying STAI, a visual analogic scale was added to measure the intensity of anxiety. The identification form included information such as: age, gender, nationality, profession, occupation, religion, school level, monthly income, marital status, married time and issues such as: infertility period, existence of natural or adoptive children, professionals involved in infertility treatment, existence of previous attempts and the moments of major emotional stress during the previous attempts and during the present one. Among the 36 subjects submitted to previous attempts of Assisted Reproduction, one of the three moments of major emotional stress was the attendance of pregnancy confirmation. Among the all 60 subjects submitted to the present attempt, attendance of pregnancy confirmation also was one of the three moments of major emotional stress. Infertility diagnosis was mixed in 33,3% of the couples, exclusively feminine in 20% and exclusively masculine in 46,7% of the couples. Women presented a significantly higher anxiety degree than men, regarding the STAI-TRAIT scales of frequency and intensity and similar regarding the STAI-STATE scales of frequency and intensity. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of men and women regarding descriptive measures of the SCOPE-STRESS.

Approximately 52% of cancer patients require radiation therapy during the progression of their illness. Radiation therapy is a safe procedure; however, errors may occur and have the potential to harm patients. Recent studies have looked at patient engagement as a means of preventing errors in healthcare. Through interviews and focus groups, this study looks at patients’ and radiation therapists’ current perceptions of safety in radiation therapy and whether they feel that patient engagement in the form of a patient-provider collaborative checklist can improve its safety or the perception of safety. Through workflow observations and literature reviews, a patient-provider collaborative checklist was developed. Furthermore, STAI surveys were conducted to document the progression of patient anxiety through treatment. Feedback from radiation therapists demonstrated their opinions on the usability of the final iteration of the patient-provider collaborative checklist and how it could fit into the clinical setting.

Approximately 52% of cancer patients require radiation therapy during the progression of their illness. Radiation therapy is a safe procedure; however, errors may occur and have the potential to harm patients. Recent studies have looked at patient engagement as a means of preventing errors in healthcare. Through interviews and focus groups, this study looks at patients’ and radiation therapists’ current perceptions of safety in radiation therapy and whether they feel that patient engagement in the form of a patient-provider collaborative checklist can improve its safety or the perception of safety. Through workflow observations and literature reviews, a patient-provider collaborative checklist was developed. Furthermore, STAI surveys were conducted to document the progression of patient anxiety through treatment. Feedback from radiation therapists demonstrated their opinions on the usability of the final iteration of the patient-provider collaborative checklist and how it could fit into the clinical setting.

Este trabalhou avaliou o stress e a ansiedade em 30 casais, que se submeteram à reprodução assistida no momento anterior à coleta dos óvulos e/ou espermatozóides, tendo um tempo de infertilidade que variou de 1 a 17 anos. Para avaliação da ansiedade foi aplicado o STAI-STATE TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY (STAI) e o Stress foi avaliado através do SCOPE-STRESS. No STAI foi acrescentada uma escala visual analógica para medir também a intensidade da ansiedade. A Ficha de Identificação avaliou questões como: idade, sexo, nacionalidade, profissão, ocupação, religião, grau de instrução, renda mensal, estado civil, tempo de casado e questões como: tempo de infertilidade, filhos naturais ou adotivos, profissionais implicados no tratamento, a existência de tentativas anteriores e os momentos de maior tensão emocional nas tentativas anteriores e a atual. Dentre os 36 sujeitos que já haviam feito tentativas anteriores de Reprodução Assistida, um dos três momentos de maior tensão emocional foi o de aguardar a gravidez. Dentre os 60 sujeitos, ou seja, todos os que estão na tentativa atual, aguardar a gravidez foi também um dos três momentos que geraram maior tensão. O diagnóstico de infertilidade foi misto em 33,3% dos casais, apenas feminino em 20% e apenas masculino em 46,7% dos casais. As mulheres apresentaram grau de ansiedade significantemente maior que os homens quanto às escalas Stai-Trait freqüência e intensidade e semelhantes quanto às escalas Stai-State freqüência e intensidade. Não houve diferença significante entre os escores médios dos homens e mulheres quanto às medidas descritivas do Scope-Stress. / This work evaluated stress and anxiety in 30 couples submitted to assisted reproduction, with an infertility period that ranged from 1 to 17 years, the moment just before the oocyte retrieval and/or semen sample. For anxiety evaluation the Stai-State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied, and stress was evaluated using the Scope-Stress. While applying STAI, a visual analogic scale was added to measure the intensity of anxiety. The identification form included information such as: age, gender, nationality, profession, occupation, religion, school level, monthly income, marital status, married time and issues such as: infertility period, existence of natural or adoptive children, professionals involved in infertility treatment, existence of previous attempts and the moments of major emotional stress during the previous attempts and during the present one. Among the 36 subjects submitted to previous attempts of Assisted Reproduction, one of the three moments of major emotional stress was the attendance of pregnancy confirmation. Among the all 60 subjects submitted to the present attempt, attendance of pregnancy confirmation also was one of the three moments of major emotional stress. Infertility diagnosis was mixed in 33,3% of the couples, exclusively feminine in 20% and exclusively masculine in 46,7% of the couples. Women presented a significantly higher anxiety degree than men, regarding the STAI-TRAIT scales of frequency and intensity and similar regarding the STAI-STATE scales of frequency and intensity. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of men and women regarding descriptive measures of the SCOPE-STRESS.

The psychosocial and cultural predictors of cigarette smoking were examined among a sample of 175 African-American adults. Participants completed a self-report inventory containing the Beck Depression Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety, the African-American Acculturation Scale, and questions regarding their smoking, demographics, and risk-taking tendencies.