Ce mémoire présente une analyse homogène et rigoureuse de l’échantillon d’étoiles naines blanches situées à moins de 20 pc du Soleil. L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’obtenir un modèle statistiquement viable de l’échantillon le plus représentatif de la population des naines blanches. À partir de l’échantillon défini par Holberg et al. (2008), il a fallu dans un premier temps réunir le plus d’information possible sur toutes les candidates locales sous la forme de spectres visibles et de données photométriques. En utilisant les modèles d’atmosphère de naines blanches les plus récents de Tremblay & Bergeron (2009), ainsi que différentes techniques d’analyse, il a été permis d’obtenir, de façon homogène, les paramètres atmosphériques (Teff et log g) des naines blanches de cet échantillon. La technique spectroscopique, c.-à-d. la mesure de Teff et log g par l’ajustement des raies spectrales, fut appliquée à toutes les étoiles de notre échantillon pour lesquelles un spectre visible présentant des raies assez fortes était disponible. Pour les étoiles avec des données photométriques, la distribution d’énergie combinée à la parallaxe trigonométrique, lorsque mesurée, permettent de déterminer les paramètres atmosphériques ainsi que la composition chimique de l’étoile. Un catalogue révisé des naines blanches dans le voisinage solaire est présenté qui inclut tous les paramètres atmosphériques nouvellement determinés. L’analyse globale qui en découle est ensuite exposée, incluant une étude de la distribution de la composition chimique des naines blanches locales, de la distribution de masse et de la fonction luminosité. / We present improved atmospheric parameters of nearby white dwarfs lying within 20 pc of the Sun. The aim of the current study is to obtain the best statistical model of the least-biased sample of the white dwarf population. A homogeneous analysis of the local population is performed combining detailed spectroscopic and photometric analyses based on improved model atmosphere calculations for various spectral types including DA, DB, DQ, and DZ stars. The spectroscopic technique is applied to all stars in our sample for which optical spectra are available. Photometric energy distributions, when available, are also combined to trigonometric parallax measurements to derive effective temperatures, stellar radii, as well as atmospheric compositions. A revised catalog of white dwarfs in the solar neighborhood is presented. We provide for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the mass distribution and the chemical distribution of white dwarf stars in a volume-limited sample.

La fibrillation auriculaire (FA) est une arythmie touchant les oreillettes. En FA, la contraction auriculaire est rapide et irrégulière. Le remplissage des ventricules devient incomplet, ce qui réduit le débit cardiaque. La FA peut entraîner des palpitations, des évanouissements, des douleurs thoraciques ou l’insuffisance cardiaque. Elle augmente aussi le risque d'accident vasculaire. Le pontage coronarien est une intervention chirurgicale réalisée pour restaurer le flux sanguin dans les cas de maladie coronarienne sévère. 10% à 65% des patients qui n'ont jamais subi de FA, en sont victime le plus souvent lors du deuxième ou troisième jour postopératoire. La FA est particulièrement fréquente après une chirurgie de la valve mitrale, survenant alors dans environ 64% des patients. L'apparition de la FA postopératoire est associée à une augmentation de la morbidité, de la durée et des coûts d'hospitalisation. Les mécanismes responsables de la FA postopératoire ne sont pas bien compris. L'identification des patients à haut risque de FA après un pontage coronarien serait utile pour sa prévention. Le présent projet est basé sur l'analyse d’électrogrammes cardiaques enregistrées chez les patients après pontage un aorte-coronaire. Le premier objectif de la recherche est d'étudier si les enregistrements affichent des changements typiques avant l'apparition de la FA. Le deuxième objectif est d'identifier des facteurs prédictifs permettant d’identifier les patients qui vont développer une FA. Les enregistrements ont été réalisés par l'équipe du Dr Pierre Pagé sur 137 patients traités par pontage coronarien. Trois électrodes unipolaires ont été suturées sur l'épicarde des oreillettes pour enregistrer en continu pendant les 4 premiers jours postopératoires. La première tâche était de développer un algorithme pour détecter et distinguer les activations auriculaires et ventriculaires sur chaque canal, et pour combiner les activations des trois canaux appartenant à un même événement cardiaque. L'algorithme a été développé et optimisé sur un premier ensemble de marqueurs, et sa performance évaluée sur un second ensemble. Un logiciel de validation a été développé pour préparer ces deux ensembles et pour corriger les détections sur tous les enregistrements qui ont été utilisés plus tard dans les analyses. Il a été complété par des outils pour former, étiqueter et valider les battements sinusaux normaux, les activations auriculaires et ventriculaires prématurées (PAA, PVA), ainsi que les épisodes d'arythmie. Les données cliniques préopératoires ont ensuite été analysées pour établir le risque préopératoire de FA. L’âge, le niveau de créatinine sérique et un diagnostic d'infarctus du myocarde se sont révélés être les plus importants facteurs de prédiction. Bien que le niveau du risque préopératoire puisse dans une certaine mesure prédire qui développera la FA, il n'était pas corrélé avec le temps de l'apparition de la FA postopératoire. Pour l'ensemble des patients ayant eu au moins un épisode de FA d’une durée de 10 minutes ou plus, les deux heures précédant la première FA prolongée ont été analysées. Cette première FA prolongée était toujours déclenchée par un PAA dont l’origine était le plus souvent sur l'oreillette gauche. Cependant, au cours des deux heures pré-FA, la distribution des PAA et de la fraction de ceux-ci provenant de l'oreillette gauche était large et inhomogène parmi les patients. Le nombre de PAA, la durée des arythmies transitoires, le rythme cardiaque sinusal, la portion basse fréquence de la variabilité du rythme cardiaque (LF portion) montraient des changements significatifs dans la dernière heure avant le début de la FA. La dernière étape consistait à comparer les patients avec et sans FA prolongée pour trouver des facteurs permettant de discriminer les deux groupes. Cinq types de modèles de régression logistique ont été comparés. Ils avaient une sensibilité, une spécificité et une courbe opérateur-receveur similaires, et tous avaient un niveau de prédiction des patients sans FA très faible. Une méthode de moyenne glissante a été proposée pour améliorer la discrimination, surtout pour les patients sans FA. Deux modèles ont été retenus, sélectionnés sur les critères de robustesse, de précision, et d’applicabilité. Autour 70% patients sans FA et 75% de patients avec FA ont été correctement identifiés dans la dernière heure avant la FA. Le taux de PAA, la fraction des PAA initiés dans l'oreillette gauche, le pNN50, le temps de conduction auriculo-ventriculaire, et la corrélation entre ce dernier et le rythme cardiaque étaient les variables de prédiction communes à ces deux modèles. / Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an abnormal heart rhythm (cardiac arrhythmia). In AF, the atrial contraction is rapid and irregular, and the filling of the ventricles becomes incomplete, leading to reduce cardiac output. Atrial fibrillation may result in symptoms of palpitations, fainting, chest pain, or even heart failure. AF is an also an important risk factor for stroke. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is a surgical procedure to restore the perfusion of the cardiac tissue in case of severe coronary heart disease. 10% to 65% of patients who never had a history of AF develop AF on the second or third post CABG surgery day. The occurrence of postoperative AF is associated with worse morbidity and longer and more expensive intensive-care hospitalization. The fundamental mechanism responsible of AF, especially for post-surgery patients, is not well understood. Identification of patients at high risk of AF after CABG would be helpful in prevention of postoperative AF. The present project is based on the analysis of cardiac electrograms recorded in patients after CABG surgery. The first aim of the research is to investigate whether the recordings display typical changes prior to the onset of AF. A second aim is to identify predictors that can discriminate the patients that will develop AF. Recordings were made by the team of Dr. Pierre Pagé on 137 patients treated with CABG surgery. Three unipolar electrodes were sutured on the epicardium of the atria to record continuously during the first 4 post-surgery days. As a first stage of the research, an automatic and unsupervised algorithm was developed to detect and distinguish atrial and ventricular activations on each channel, and join together the activation of the different channels belonging to the same cardiac event. The algorithm was developed and optimized on a training set, and its performance assessed on a test set. Validation software was developed to prepare these two sets and to correct the detections over all recordings that were later used in the analyses. It was complemented with tools to detect, label and validate normal sinus beats, atrial and ventricular premature activations (PAA, PVC) as well as episodes of arrhythmia. Pre-CABG clinical data were then analyzed to establish the preoperative risk of AF. Age, serum creatinine and prior myocardial infarct were found to be the most important predictors. While the preoperative risk score could to a certain extent predict who will develop AF, it was not correlated with the post-operative time of AF onset. Then the set of AF patients was analyzed, considering the last two hours before the onset of the first AF lasting for more than 10 minutes. This prolonged AF was found to be usually triggered by a premature atrial PAA most often originating from the left atrium. However, along the two pre-AF hours, the distribution of PAA and of the fraction of these coming from the left atrium was wide and inhomogeneous among the patients. PAA rate, duration of transient atrial arrhythmia, sinus heart rate, and low frequency portion of heart rate variability (LF portion) showed significant changes in last hour before the onset of AF. Comparing all other PAA, the triggering PAA were characterized by their prematurity, the small value of the maximum derivative of the electrogram nearest to the site of origin, as well as the presence of transient arrhythmia and increase LF portion of the sinus heart rate variation prior to the onset of the arrhythmia. The final step was to compare AF and Non-AF patients to find predictors to discriminate the two groups. Five types of logistic regression models were compared, achieving similar sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curve area, but very low prediction accuracy for Non-AF patients. A weighted moving average method was proposed to design to improve the accuracy for Non-AF patient. Two models were favoured, selected on the criteria of robustness, accuracy, and practicability. Around 70% Non-AF patients were correctly classified, and around 75% of AF patients in the last hour before AF. The PAA rate, the fraction of PAA initiated in the left atrium, pNN50, the atrio-ventricular conduction time, and the correlation between the latter and the heart rhythm were common predictors of these two models.

Thesis (Master').

This thesis deals with the evaluation of the quality of life in rural communities in the Region of Prachatice. The thesis is also focused on the evaluation of the economic weakness of the municipalities, its causes and manifestations, and, at least, the possibility of improving life in these communities. An integral part of this work is finding those sources of funding and the related use of funds and grants. In the theoretical part, I have discussed the importance of the regional and social policy focusing on rural issues and their development, with the development of the regions linked to the use of subsidies and the disbursement of funds, especially funds of the European Union. In the practical part, contingency tables and cluster analysis are used, as well as special methods. The results of this study has confirmed that quality of life in LFA municipalities and their economic weakness depends on the size of the village. The conclusion provides an overall assessment of the work and its results.

Les progrès réalisés dans la microélectronique répondent à la problématique de la réduction des coûts de production et celle de la recherche de nouveaux marchés. Ces progrès sont possibles notamment grâce à ceux effectués en lithographie optique par projection, le procédé lithographique principalement utilisé par les industriels. La miniaturisation des circuits intégrés n’a donc été possible qu’en poussant les limites d’impression lithographique. Cependant en réduisant les largeurs des transistors et l’espace entre eux, on augmente la sensibilité du transfert à ce que l’on appelle les effets de proximité optique au fur et à mesure des générations les plus avancées de 45 et 32 nm de dimension de grille de transistor.L’utilisation des modèles OPC est devenue incontournable en lithographie optique, pour les nœuds technologiques avancés. Les techniques de correction des effets de proximité (OPC) permettent de garantir la fidélité des motifs sur plaquette, par des corrections sur le masque. La précision des corrections apportées au masque dépend de la qualité des modèles OPC mis en œuvre. La qualité de ces modèles est donc primordiale. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une démarche d’analyse et d’évaluation des modèles résine OPC qui simulent le comportement de la résine après exposition. La modélisation de données et l’analyse statistique ont été utilisées pour étudier ces modèles résine de plus en plus empiriques. Outre la fiabilisation des données de calibrage des modèles, l’utilisation des plateformes de création de modèles dédiées en milieu industriel et la méthodologie de création et de validation des modèles OPC ont également été étudié. Cette thèse expose le résultat de l’analyse des modèles résine OPC et propose une nouvelles méthodologie de création, d’analyse et de validation de ces modèles. / The Progress made in microelectronics responds to the matter of production costs reduction and to the search of new markets. These progresses have been possible thanks those made in optical lithography, the printing process principally used in integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing.The miniaturization of integrated circuits has been possible only by pushing the limits of optical resolution. However this miniaturization increases the sensitivity of the transfer, leading to more proximity effects at progressively more advanced technology nodes (45 and 32 nm in transistor gate size). The correction of these optical proximity effects is indispensible in photolithographic processes for advanced technology nodes. Techniques of optical proximity correction (OPC) enable to increase the achievable resolution and the pattern transfer fidelity for advanced lithographic generations. Corrections are made on the mask based on OPC models which connect the image on the resin to the changes made on the mask. The reliability of these OPC models is essential for the improvement of the pattern transfer fidelity.This thesis analyses and evaluates the OPC resist models which simulates the behavior of the resist after the photolithographic process. Data modeling and statistical analysis have been used to study these increasingly empirical resist models. Besides the model calibration data reliability, we worked on the way of using the models calibration platforms generally used in IC manufacturing.This thesis exposed the results of the analysis of OPC resist models and proposes a new methodology for OPC resist models creation, analysis and validation.

Gold mining in the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa has resulted in soil contamination due to the lack of sufficient environmental management plans for the tailings dumps and remnant footprints. Tailings reclamation as a strategy of reducing pollution in the Central Rand, for instance, has resulted in contamination of water systems by acid mine drainage (AMD). After removal of the tailings dumps, remnant material is left over on the tailings footprints and these contain significant amounts of pollutants that were initially in the tailings. Heavy rainfall during summer dissolves primary minerals and later in the dry season, secondary minerals are precipitated as efflorescent crusts on and nearby tailings dumps as well as footprints due to high evaporation. The efflorescent crusts can redissolve when it rains and form acidic, metal and sulphate-rich solutions due to their soluble characteristics. This study aimed to characterise tailings footprints in areas targeted for human settlements and office spaces to assess their potential to release left over toxic elements such arsenic (As), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). The approach to the study involved characterisation of oxidised and unoxidised tailings material and secondary precipitates on both tailings dumps and footprints. This involved determining the mineralogical composition using Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD). Dissolution and leaching studies were also conducted on the material followed by determination of constituent elements using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and sulphates using ion chromatography (IC). The leaching solutions used included rainwater; dilute sulphuric acid at pH of 3.0 (a common leachate in such acidic soils); as well as plant exudates such as oxalic and citric acids. The leachate solutions were used to correlate the mineralogical composition of secondary precipitates and tailings footprints. Potential implications on humans following any accidental ingestion of the tailings or contaminated soils were assessed using gastric juices. The ecological risk factors and risk index together with the model to evaluate daily intake and different pathways to humans were used to assess the toxicity caused by exposure to contaminants in the materials. The experimental work was augmented by computer simulations based on geochemical modelling (using the PHREEQC geochemical modelling code) to determine the speciation of elements (and thus their potential lability and bioavailability), dissolution and formation of secondary mineral precipitates in the tailings dumps and footprints. The findings of the PXRD study showed that the mineralogy of the tailings and footprints was dominated by quartz (SiO2) and some minor minerals such as pyrite (FeS2), pyrophyllite (Al2Si4O10(OH)2), chlorite (Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10), mica (K(Mg,Fe)3 AlSi3O10(F,OH)2) while that of secondary precipitates was dominated by jarosite (KFe3+ 3(OH)6 (SO4)2), goethite (FeOOH), melanterite (FeSO4.7H2O) and gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O). Minerals obtained for the secondary precipitates were corroborated by geochemical modelling. Leaching results using rainwater with pH ranges from 3.5 to 3.9 showed that trace elements are released very slowly from tailings dumps and footprints and in small concentrations during rainy seasons as follows: As (1.5 mg/L-4.5 mg/L), Pb (3.5 mg/L-5.5 mg/L), Cu (4 mg/L-4.8 mg/L) and Zn (23 mg/L-44 mg/L). The release and mobility of Cu, Pb, Zn and As occurs quite markedly when secondary precipitates dissolve, making the immediate impacted environment unfavourable for plant growth and any habits in the vicinity. This was substantiated by simulated dissolutions and assessment of the resulting elemental speciation that pointed to the elements being distributed in bioavailable forms, implying potential uptake by plants (such as vegetables that may be cultivated on such impacted soils). The model was used to evaluate the daily intake and different exposure pathways and the results showed that children may daily intake 48.4 mg kg-1 day-1 and adults‟ 32.8 mg kg-1 day-1 . After 5 years (1825 days) of exposure more harm may be experienced and findings shows that kids are the most victims on these contaminated sites compared to adults. Both children and adults may absorb low levels of these toxic elements daily and after long time of exposure it may cause disease like cancer in their body which may lead to death. Pathways may be through inhalation and accidentally ingesting tailings soil that contain toxic elements. Drawing from the above findings, it will be important that tailings footprints that have been earmarked as land for development (residential or office space) be thoroughly assessed for potential release of toxic elements and high levels of acidity. Further reclamation aimed at reducing these hazards can then be implemented. / College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Science)

Sont d’abord rassemblées des études réalisées dans le cadre du projet BIBLINDEX, index en ligne des citations scripturaires chez les Pères de l’Église. Elles visent à renouveler l’historiographie de la réception des Écritures par l’analyse statistique. Les aspects méthodologiques – repérage, expression, délimitation, caractérisation, interrogation et visualisation – sont discutés, puis la méthode définie est appliquée à plusieurs corpus des premiers siècles : les œuvres d’Irénée, de Jérôme ; le livre de Qohélet lu par les Pères. Le corpus du « dernier » d’entre eux, Bernard de Clairvaux, fait l’objet des deux parties suivantes : archétypique en effet, de par la richesse et la complexité de ses mises en œuvre du matériau biblique, ce corpus se prête particulièrement bien à une application approfondie des méthodes d’investigation développées pour BIBLINDEX, complétées par des approches texto-métriques. Nous commençons par livrer quelques enquêtes théologiques, littéraires et historiques de l’œuvre du cistercien, qui ont accompagné l’édition de ses œuvres complètes dans la collection Sources Chrétiennes et illustrent plusieurs types d’usages bibliques, comme la constitution d’un arsenal polémique dans les conflits épistolaires ; la structuration d’une argumentation logique, à la fois philosophique et théologique ; la construction d’une géographie spirituelle avec les interprétations de noms hébreux. Puis nous donnons l’esquisse d’une étude synthétique de la Bible de Bernard, qui reposerait sur les méthodes précédemment définies pour améliorer notre connaissance des relations du saint à la tradition et du rôle de l’assimilation scripturaire dans ses stratégies d’écriture. / First of all, studies carried out within the framework of the BIBLINDEX project, an online index of scriptural quotations in the Early Christian Literature, are gathered. They aim at renewing the historiography on the reception of the Scriptures by statistical analysis. The methodological aspects – identification, expression, delimitation, characterization, queries and visualization – are discussed, then the defined method is applied to several corpora of the first centuries: the works of Irenaeus, Jerome; the book of Qohelet as read by the Fathers. The corpus written by the "last" of them, Bernard of Clairvaux, is the subject of the two following parts: archetypal indeed, due to the richness and the complexity of its implementations of the biblical material, this corpus lends itself particularly well an in-depth application of the investigation methods developed for BIBLINDEX, supplemented by textometric approaches. Some theological, literary and historical inquiries of the Cistercian’s work are first presented, which come along with the publication of his complete works in the collection Sources Chrétiennes and illustrate several types of biblical practices, such as constituting a controversial arsenal in epistolary conflicts; structuring a logical, both philosophical and theological, argumentation; establishing a spiritual geography using interpretations of Hebrew names. Finally, the sketch of a synthetic study of Bernard’s Bible is given, which would be based on the methods previously defined to improve our knowledge of the saint’s relationship to tradition and the role of scriptural assimilation in his writing strategies.

The subject of the thesis "The application of process for the management of production in the selected company (Banes Ltd.)" is an exploration and mapping of processes in the company Banes Ltd. occur. The first part covers the theoretical basis of the subject, particularly the definition of basic concepts of processes, quality and selection of technologies, systems and methods used by Banes Ltd. The second part is about describing the company Banes Ltd. The theoretical knowledge is applied in the analysis of the structure of processes, defining processes and their analysis in the company Banes Ltd. In the last section are applied statistical analyses of quality.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:51:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Vantil Agrizzi.pdf: 2677028 bytes, checksum: 1e5aaf2da2a89c65f2268ae294932188 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-17 / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água de nascentes no assentamento Paraíso, localizado no município de Alegre, ES. A pecuária leiteira é a principal atividade econômica desenvolvida na região e, em 2006, o INCRA, junto aos assentados, iniciou um trabalho de recomposição das APP s das nascentes que resultou atualmente em diferentes tratamentos ao redor dos olhos d água, de acordo com os cuidados e expectativas de cada produtor. Das 25 nascentes existentes, oito foram selecionadas: N1, em meio à floresta remanescente de Mata Atlântica; N2, N3, N4, N5, N6 e N7 estão em recuperação, sendo que as nascentes estão cercadas, porém, variando no tamanho da área cercada, na topografia, no estágio de recuperação alcançado e no tipo de vegetação existente; e a N8, sem cerca e com acesso livre dos animais de criação. Três amostras de água foram coletadas em cada nascente entre novembro/2011 e março/2012 e analisados 17 parâmetros: coliformes totais e termotolerantes, pH, alcalinidade, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), nitrogênio total, fósforo total, ferro, cálcio, magnésio, temperatura, turbidez, condutividade elétrica (CE) e sólidos suspensos, dissolvidos e totais. Os resultados foram comparados com os padrões normativos da legislação para potabilidade e para qualidade ambiental da água, tendo-se calculado o Índice de Qualidade de Água seguindo metodologia adaptada da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), na qual foram retirados os parâmetros pH e OD, por terem sidos considerados não importantes para o cálculo de qualidade para essas nascentes. Técnicas de análise estatística multivariada foram utilizadas para facilitar a interpretação do grande número de parâmetros, por meio da análise de componentes principais (ACP) e análise de agrupamento (AA). A partir da ACP, selecionaram-se dois componentes que explicaram 67,60% da variância total dos dados, e os parâmetros que mais explicam as variações entre as nascentes são: coliformes termotolerantes e totais, DBO, CE, alcalinidade, turbidez, sólidos suspensos totais e temperatura. Na AA três grupos foram formados, distinguindo-se o grupo I, formado pelas nascentes cercadas, o grupo II, composto pela N1, e o grupo III, composto pela N8. O grupo I apresentou a melhor qualidade de água e o grupo III a pior, revelando a importância da proteção de nascentes. A qualidade da água em meio à floresta foi pouco inferior às do grupo I por ter tido mais contato com contaminantes microbiológicos (excrementos de animais silvestres) e por ter recebido maior aporte de matéria orgânica e sedimentos que aquelas protegidas pelo adensamento de gramíneas forrageiras / The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of springs in the Paraíso settlement, located in city of Alegre,ES. The dairy production is the main economic activity developed in the region and in 2006, the National Institute of Colonization and Land Reform (INCRA), joined the settlers, started a project of reconstruction of Mandatory Preservation Areas (APP S) of the springs which resulted in different treatments around the springs, according to the treatment and expectations of each producer. Out of 25 existing springs, eight were selected: N1, in an Atlantic Forest remnant; N2,N3,N4,N5,N6,N7 are in recovery, being that the springs are fenced, however, ranging in size of the fenced area, in topography, recovery stages reached and type of existing vegetation; and the N8 wasn t fenced and access the farm animals had free access. Three samples of water were collected in each spring between November/2011 and March/2012 and 17 parameters were analyzed: total and thermotolerant coliforms, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, iron, calcium, magnesium, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC) and dissolved suspended total solid. The results were compared to the normative standards of legislation for environmental quality and portability of water and was calculated the Water Quality Index following the method adapted from a Environmental Company of São Paulo (CETESB), in which the parameters pH and DO were taken out because they werent consider important for the quality calculation of these springs. Multivariate statistical analysis technique was utilized to facilitate the interpretation of the large number of parameters thru the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Based on the ACP, two components were selected which explained 67.60% of total variance of the data and the parameters best explains the variation between the springs are: total and thermotolerant coliforms, BOD, EC, alkalinity, the turbidity, suspended total solids and temperature. In the CA, three groups were formed, distinguishing group I, formed by the fenced springs, group II, consisting N1 and group III consisting N8. Group I presented the best water quality and group III the worst, revealing the importance of the protection of springs. The water quality in the forest was slightly lower than group I to have had more contact with microbiological contaminants (excrement of wild animals) and to have received greater input of organic matter and sediments than those protected by the density of forage grasses

No description available.