Parental divorce is a stressful process that has been associated with long-term developmental implications for the children involved. There have been mixed results from research regarding specific effects of parents' marital status on levels of psychological distress and academic achievement in late adolescence and early adulthood. Research using a clinical sample from a college counseling center was lacking altogether. The primary goal of this study was to establish if there are relationships between parents' marital status, students'degree of psychological distress and academic achievement within a clinical sample of college undergraduates. The secondary goal was to determine if student gender interacts with parents' marital status on measures of psychological distress and academic achievement. Participants included 324 undergraduate college students aged 17-24 years who received clinical services at a student counseling center of a private university in a large metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. Primary analyses found no statistically significant differences for self-reported GPA and therapists' perception of psychological distress by parents' marital status (married, divorced or divorced/remarried). In addition, it was found that gender did not have a statistically significant interaction with parents' marital status on psychological distress or academic achievement. Student's residential status was found to significantly covary with psychological distress, suggesting that students who lived off campus were perceived as being significantly more distressed than students who lived on campus, independent of parents' marital status. Results of this study have implications for college counseling center personnel to obtain a thorough family history at intake and monitor changes in residential status throughout the course of treatment. Results of this study also have implications for university administrators and student affairs personnel to include researching, planning and implementing interventions and programming for commuter students, and possibly expanding on-campus housing.

La famille a fortement évolué ces dernières décennies. Aux côtés de la famille traditionnelle, les schémas familiaux, devenus multiples, ont bouleversé l’équilibre juridique tel que prévu par le Code civil de 1804. Toutefois, l’enfant demeure au cœur de ces familles, car aujourd’hui plus que jamais, l’enfant fait famille. Si au fil des siècles la protection légale de l’enfant commun s’est renforcée pour aujourd’hui atteindre un niveau efficient, l’augmentation du nombre de familles recomposées souligne les insuffisances de la loi quant à la protection des intérêts de l’enfant non commun. L’absence de lien de filiation entre le beau-parent et son bel-enfant peut se traduire par une atteinte à ses intérêts patrimoniaux. Sont appréhendés dans ces travaux les deux volets de la protection des intérêts patrimoniaux de l’enfant non commun : la protection imposée au couple recomposé et la protection souhaitée par le couple recomposé dans l’esprit d’une meilleure intégration de l’enfant non commun. Ainsi, de lege lata, quels sont les mécanismes de protection des intérêts patrimoniaux de l’enfant non commun ? Et quels seraient, de lege ferenda, les outils nécessaires pour une meilleure prise en compte de ses intérêts ? Le législateur doit-il intervenir, ou laisser la place à une plus grande contractualisation en droit de la famille ? / The concept of family has deeply changed over the last decades. Along with the idea of a traditional family, and the different family patterns that have multiplied over the years, these new entities have radically modified the legal structure that the 1804 Civil Code had built. However, children still remain at the heart of the concept of family because, more than ever before, they concretely make family. If the child’s legal condition has been reinforced over the past centuries so as to be fully operational now, the ongoing rise of step families and reconstituted families highlight the lack of legal regime regarding a child’s situation coming from one of these two kind of families. The absence of direct line of descent between the step father and his step child can lead to potential troubles to his legacy. In this paper, two aspects regarding the safety of a child’s legacy coming from non-traditional family schemes will be tackled: the legal regime enforced for reconstituted families, and the legal regime that this same type of family would desire to benefit from for the sake of their step child. Thus, de lege data, what are the main mechanisms enforcing the legal regime tackling the child’s legacy from a non-traditional family? And what would be, de lege ferenda, the required tools so as to perform a better comprehensive analysis of what his legacy requires in this specific scheme? Should the legislator interfere more or allow a wider development of contracts law for family matters?

La thèse vise à déterminer les moyens juridiques qui permettent dans la famille recomposée de transmettre un patrimoine entre le beau-parent et l'enfant avec lequel il n'existe aucun lien d'alliance ou de sang qualifié d'enfant-tiers. Est-il possible qu'une relation affective puisse se transformer en liens juridiques ayant des conséquences positives envers l'enfant-tiers ? Nous examinerons les limites offertes par le droit positif français qui empêchent une véritable transmission au sein de la famille recomposée. Nous analyserons certains systèmes juridiques non spécifiques au droit de la famille qui permettent d'atteindre certains buts de transmission. Un constat sera fait sur la précarité de ces moyens juridiques et la non satisfaction concernant la transmission patrimoniale entre le beau-parent et l'enfant-tiers. Nous ferons diverses propositions pour que cette relation affective existant au sein de la famille recomposée soit véritablement prise en compte dans le droit patrimonial de la famille. Nous pensons que le défi du XXIème siècle sera d'inclure l'enfant-tiers comme membre véritable de la nouvelle famille qui se recompose en lui permettant de recevoir une transmission patrimoniale. / The abstract is available in French only

Il y a seconde famille dès lors qu’un enfant cohabite quotidiennement ou épisodiquement avec le nouveau couple formé par l’un de ses parents. L’époque contemporaine présente deux tendances antagonistes. Les liens qui se développent dans ces circonstances peuvent être envisagés soit comme nuisibles pour l’enfant non commun soit comme un enrichissement potentiel pour celui-ci. Cette ambivalence questionne les liens juridiques entre l’enfant non commun et la seconde famille Si une résolution positive permet d’apprécier la nature et l’efficacité des liens juridiques (parenté et alliance) entre l’enfant et la seconde famille, sa traduction négative conduit à l’examen des liens factuels (cohabitation et affection). Mais c’est finalement la combinaison de ces différents liens, par une approche temporelle de la seconde famille, qui permet de solliciter les fondements nécessaires à la protection juridique de l’enfant. / There is a second family when a child cohabites daily or occasionally with the new couple formed by one of his parents. The contemporary era presents two conflicting trends. In these circumstances, traditional views see the growing bonds between the second family and the child as harmful to the later. On the contrary, a modern perception considers these bonds as a potential enrichment. These antagonistic perspectives question the potential legal relationship between the child and his second family. A positive approach led to the understanding of the nature and efficiency of the legal ties (kinship and alliance) between the child and the second family. In contrast, a negative approach led to the review of the developing bonds (namely cohabitation and affection). Ultimately, only the combination of these diverse links within a temporal dimension allows the identification of the requisite legal basis for the legal protection of the child.

Text in Afrikaans / Egskeidings en daaropvolgende hersaamgestelde gesinne neem toe. Die literatuur sowel as praktykervaring van die navorser het bewys dat die aanpassing in 'n hersaamgestelde gesin veral vir die adolessent traumaties is. Uit 'n literatuurstudie is bepaal watter probleme/behoeftes adolessente in hersaamgestelde gesinne ervaar. Die nominale groepstegniek is gebruik ten einde probleme/behoeftes te verfyn. Dit het uitgewys dat probleme in hersaamgestelde gesinne voortspruitend is uit kommunikasieprobleme. Die groepwerkproram met stiefadolessente is dus daarvolgen opgestel. Psigodrama word beskou as die mees ideale benadering in groepwerk met adolessente. Twee meetskale is gebruik, te wete 'n kommunikasievraelys en die Hudson-indeks wat gewysig is vanaf ouerlike verhoudings na stiefouerlike verhoudings. 'n Voorondersoek groep is met vyf stiefadolessente oor vyf byeenkomste en 'n eksperimentele groep met tien stiefadolessente oor tien byeenkomste aangebied. Voor- en nameting is gedoen. Op beide meetskale is groei in vaardighede gemeet en is die navorser se doelstelling bereik / Divorces and remarriages are increasing. The literature study and practical experience of the researcher, has shown that the adaption to remarriage is the most traumatic for adolescents. A literature study was done to determine the problems/needs of adolescents in remarried families. The nominal group technique was then used to refine the problems/needs. The results showed clearly that problems in remarried families are a result of communication problems. The group work programme with stepadolescents was therefore composed. Psychodrama is the most ideal method in working with adolescents. Two measuring instruments were used, namely the communication questionnaire and the Hudson-index which was modified from parentchild relationships to step-parental relationships. A pilot study group with five step-adolescents over five meetings and an experimental group was then held with ten step-adolescents over a period of ten meetings were held. Measurement was done before and after the group meetings. Both measuring instruments recorded growth in skills and the researcher's objective was reached / Social Work / M.A. (Sosiale Wetenskappe)

Text in Afrikaans / Egskeidings en daaropvolgende hersaamgestelde gesinne neem toe. Die literatuur sowel as praktykervaring van die navorser het bewys dat die aanpassing in 'n hersaamgestelde gesin veral vir die adolessent traumaties is. Uit 'n literatuurstudie is bepaal watter probleme/behoeftes adolessente in hersaamgestelde gesinne ervaar. Die nominale groepstegniek is gebruik ten einde probleme/behoeftes te verfyn. Dit het uitgewys dat probleme in hersaamgestelde gesinne voortspruitend is uit kommunikasieprobleme. Die groepwerkproram met stiefadolessente is dus daarvolgen opgestel. Psigodrama word beskou as die mees ideale benadering in groepwerk met adolessente. Twee meetskale is gebruik, te wete 'n kommunikasievraelys en die Hudson-indeks wat gewysig is vanaf ouerlike verhoudings na stiefouerlike verhoudings. 'n Voorondersoek groep is met vyf stiefadolessente oor vyf byeenkomste en 'n eksperimentele groep met tien stiefadolessente oor tien byeenkomste aangebied. Voor- en nameting is gedoen. Op beide meetskale is groei in vaardighede gemeet en is die navorser se doelstelling bereik / Divorces and remarriages are increasing. The literature study and practical experience of the researcher, has shown that the adaption to remarriage is the most traumatic for adolescents. A literature study was done to determine the problems/needs of adolescents in remarried families. The nominal group technique was then used to refine the problems/needs. The results showed clearly that problems in remarried families are a result of communication problems. The group work programme with stepadolescents was therefore composed. Psychodrama is the most ideal method in working with adolescents. Two measuring instruments were used, namely the communication questionnaire and the Hudson-index which was modified from parentchild relationships to step-parental relationships. A pilot study group with five step-adolescents over five meetings and an experimental group was then held with ten step-adolescents over a period of ten meetings were held. Measurement was done before and after the group meetings. Both measuring instruments recorded growth in skills and the researcher's objective was reached / Social Work / M.A. (Sosiale Wetenskappe)