No description available.

The nutritive value of seed meal from <i>Camelina sativa, Lunaria biennis, Pisum sativum, Lupinus albus</i> and <i>Lupinus luteus</i> was assessed with and without the addition of exogenous enzymes for growing broiler chickens. The nutritive value of seed meal from camelina and lunaria was found to be low with apparent metabolisable energy (AME) values of approximately 8 MJ kg^-1, which is lower than would be expected for other oilseeds such as rapeseed meal. The nutritive value of camelina meal was improved by the addition of phytase and protease but the improvements were not of sufficient magnitude to compete with soyabean meal or rapeseed meal. A poorer weight gain, feed conversion and nutrient digestibility was found when camelina meal was included in the diets of growing broiler chicks compared to birds fed a diet based on soyabean meal. The inclusion of camelina meal detrimentally altered the microbial flora in the caeca and increased the secretion of endogenous material compared to birds fed a wheat/soyabean meal ration. The poor metabolisability of camelina and lunaria is thought to be due to a relatively high concentration of glucosinolates, phytate and toxic fatty acids in the seed meals which impair nutrient retention and increase endogenous losses. The nutritional value of seed meal from <i>Lupinus albus</i> and <i>Lupinus luteus</i> was found to be higher than for camelina and lunaria but poorer than would be expected for soyabean meal. AME values for both lupins were around 10 MJ kg^-1 with seed meal from <i>Lupinus luteus</i> proving to have a marginally higher nutritional value than <i>Lupinus albus</i> for broilers. The addition of a cocktail of carbohydrase and protease enzymes did not improve the nutritive value of the seed meal for poultry, both in a precision feeding study and in a growth study where lupin seed meal was included in the diets of broilers at 300g kg^-1.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-110). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Mise en contexte : Les chémoréflexes laryngés (CRI) sont déclenchés suite au contact entre un liquide et la muqueuse laryngée. Chez un organisme mature, ces CRL sont responsables de mécanismes de protection des voies aériennes inférieures (VAI) tels que déglutitions, toux et réaction d'éveil afin d'éviter l'aspiration. Par contre, chez un organisme immature comme c'est le cas chez les nouveau-nés, ces CRL associent apnée, bradycardie, laryngospasme, hypertension et redistribution du débit sanguin. En période néonatale, ces CRL, déclenchés en réponse à un reflux gastro-oesophagien acide, sont tenus responsables d'apnées du prématuré, de malaises graves du nourrisson (ALTE) et probablement de quelques cas de mort subite du nourrisson (MSN). Malgré leur pertinence clinique évidente, la revue de la littérature permet de constater que de nombreuses questions persistent concernant les CRL, principalement parce que les conditions expérimentales des études antérieures ne reflètent pas ce qui est vu en clinique. Ainsi, les CRL ont été étudiés le plus souvent en utilisant des modèles anesthésiés, en utilisant l'eau distillée, en se servant d'une trachéotomie pour l'injection des solutions et finalement en ne prenant pas en compte les stades de conscience. Une meilleure compréhension des CRL, en particulier déclenchés par des solutions acides, est donc nécessaire. But du projet : Le but de ce travail est d'étudier les CRL chez l'agneau nouveau-né sans sédation en réponse à l'acide, en comparaison à l'eau distillée et au salin durant le sommeil calme.

Because CFC-11 and CFC-12 are extremely stable and purely anthropogenic and the CFCs enter the ocean through air-sea exchange at the sea surface, they serve as good tracers for studying the oceans. Since CFCs and tritium share similar characteristics such as their anthropogenic production, inertness to biological activities, a tritium box model applied to the North Atlantic Ocean by J. L. Sarmiento in 1983 is used to study the distribution of CFCs in the Northwest Pacific. This thesis attempts to use this model to calculate the past concentrations of CFCs in the atmosphere assuming equilibrium distribution between the surface ocean waters and the atmosphere in the source region of the oceans. The results may allow us to check the history of CFCs in the atmosphere. The data used in this thesis are those reported by NOAA from three cruises: CO2-87 and CGC92 along 165oE and CO2-88 along 170oW, all from 40o to 10oN. This latitude range avoids the complex gyres and the sea-ice which may limit the air-sea exchange in the North, and also avoids the upwelling in the equatorial region. The outcrop of the 26.0 sq water is located at longitude about 52o-53oN along 165oE, but is located at about 40oN along 170oW. The outcrop will move southward in winter. The vertical distribution pattern of CFCs is similar to that of oxygen. Concentrations of CFCs in ocean water increase as potential temperature and salinity decrease. High latitudes of low temperature and salinity have high CFC solubility and high air-sea exchange rates, and are presumably the major areas for input of CFCs into the seawater. As the CFCs in the air increase over the years the concentrations of CFCs in the surface ocean water also increase but decrease with water depth. The solubility, F, of CFCs is a function of both temperature and salinity, but temperature prevails. The F values for CFC-11 and CFC-12 from 10o to 50oN along 165oE are 5.86-16.0 and 1.70-4.15 mmole/kg/ atm, respectively. The values along 170oW are, respectively, 6.60-22.2 and 1.89-5.55 mmole/kg/atm. The solubility of CFC-11 is about four times as large as that of CFC-12. The solubility of CFCs along 170oW is about 1.4 times along 165oE because of temperature and salinity differences. The exchange rate in the time scale for =1 year ranges 0.85-1.3 yr-1, CFC-11 has a mean of 0.99 yr-1, CFC-12 has a mean of about 1.04 yr-1. Along the isopycnal surface of sq=26.0, the highest exchange rate between two boxes is 2.34 yr-1, the lowest 0.06 yr-1. Based on the calculated concentrations of CFCs in the surface seawater from the atmospheric value in the past, apparent ages of the Mode Waters are similar for both CFC-11 and CFC-12. The apparent age along 165oE at 10oN is about 17 years on the defined isocypnal surface, and it is about 15 years along 170oW at 10oN. The spreading rate of CFCs in the Northwest Pacific is thus about 172-221 km/yr. During the 17 years, the annual increase in influx to the seawater is about 0.12 pM/kg/yr for CFC-11, and about 0.059 pM/kg/yr for CFC-12. The error in calculating atmosphere CFCs in the past is about 11 % for CFC-11, and 6 % for CFC-12.

No description available.

The influence of color on size and depth perception has been explored for a century, but there is very limited research on interventions that can reduce the color illusions. This study was motivated to identify interventions and propose design guidelines for information visualization, especially where size judgment is critical. This study replicated the color size illusion and color depth illusion on an LCD monitor and it was found that yellow is the smallest and farthest color among red, yellow, green, and blue on a white background. Three types of interventions (background brightness, border color, and background grid brightness) were tested to identify the conditions that reduce the color illusions, but all of them were not statistically significant. Based on the experiment results and literature survey, design guidelines were proposed. To extend the guidelines to the bioinformatics field, design recommendations were proposed and implementation examples were illustrated. Evaluations on design implementations were evaluated by interviewing domain experts. Additionally, the relationship between the color size illusion and the color depth illusion was explored. / Master of Science

A viabilidade da produção, do manejo e da utilização dos colmos de bambu no Brasil, em relação às árvores de espécies florestais de eucaliptos e pinus, entre outras, foi a principal motivadora do presente trabalho. Com esse objetivo foram caracterizados os colmos de 3 espécies de bambu, consideradas prioritárias pelo INBAR, a saber Dendrocalamus asper, D. latiflorus e Guadua angustifolia da Coleção de Bambus da Área Experimental Agrícola do Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Campus da UNESP, Bauru, SP. Amostras dos colmos das 3 espécies, coletadas através de método não destrutivo, foram caracterizadas em relação à estrutura anatômica macro e microscópica. Por meio da técnica de densitometria de raios X , a densidade aparente ao longo da espessura dos colmos foi determinada, e os perfis de densidade radial foram plotados em gráficos. Os resultados das análises laboratoriais evidenciaram que (i) as 3 espécies apresentam uma estrutura anatômica macro e microscópica que permite a sua identificação taxonômica e caracterização tecnológica, em relação aos tecidos de parênquima, feixes vasculares e bainha de fibras; (ii) a variação da estrutura anatômica e da densidade aparente ao longo da espessura dos colmos, relacionadas com a porcentagem e dimensões dos 3 elementos anatômicos, possibilita a sua caracterização em 3 camadas, sendo que as camadas interna e intermediária mostraram maiores diferenças em relação à externa; (iii) o modelo de variação das dimensões das fibras e da densidade aparente indicou um aumento dos dois parâmetros no sentido da camada interna para a externa dos colmos; (iv) não foi observado, para nenhuma das 3 espécies, um padrão de distinção entre a dimensão de fibras de colmos mais jovens e adultos; (v) os tipos dos feixes vasculares dos colmos das 3 espécies de bambu corresponderam aos descritos na literatura e, ainda, (vi) não foram encontradas referências da aplicação da densitometria de raios X na caracterização dos perfis de densidade aparente dos colmos de bambu e sua relação com a sua estrutura anatômica. O presente trabalho discute a aplicação dos seus resultados em relação a (i) influência das variações climáticas do ano de formação na espessura e anatomia dos colmos e (ii) aplicação tecnológica dos colmos pela análise dos perfis de densidade aparente e composição anatômica. / The feasibility of the production, management and utilization of bamboo culms in Brazil, in relation to forest species like eucalyptus, and pine trees , was the main motivator of the present work. Considering this purpose, culms of 3 bamboo species, considered priorities by INBAR, were characterized; namely Dendrocalamus asper, D. latiflorus Guadua angustifolia, all from the \"Collection of Bamboos\" owned by the Agricultural Experimental Area of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, from UNESP, Bauru Campus, SP. Samples from the 3 species stems, acquired through a non-destructive method, were characterized as for macroscopic and microscopic anatomical structure. Through the technique of X-ray densitometry, the apparent density along the stems\' thickness was determined, and the radial density profiles were plotted on. The laboratory tests results showed that (i) 3 species have macro and microscopic anatomical structures that allows its taxonomic identification and technological characterization, regarding parenchyma tissues, vascular bundles and fibers sheath; (ii) the variation of the anatomical structure and apparent density across the culm\'s cross plane, related with percentage and dimensions of the 3 anatomical elements, enables its characterization in three layers, of which the inner and intermediate layers showed major differences relative to the external one; (iii) the variation model of fiber dimensions and apparent density indicated an inner-outer layer oriented increase of these parameters; (iv) Was not observed, for any of the 3 species, a pattern of distinction between the culms fibers size regarding younger, or older individuals; (v) the bamboo vascular bundles types of the 3 species corresponded to those described in the literature and, moreover, (vi) there were no references found on the application of X-ray densitometry in the characterization of bamboo stems apparent density profiles and its relation to its anatomical structure. This study discusses the application of it\'s results in relation to (i) the growth year climatic variations influence on the thickness and anatomy of culms and (ii) the technological application of the stems by means of the apparent density and anatomical composition analysis.

Translation of author's diss., Quaestio medico-chirurgica ... An mortis incertae signa; original Latin text p. [11]-40. / Also available online.

Sulfate-bearing soils are a problem in highway construction as they combine with materials used for lime stabilization to form minerals, particularly ettringite, that expand and induce heave in the stabilized soil. This research involves quantifying sulfate in soils that may be potentially used in highway construction using electromagnetic induction. The objectives are to: 1) document electrical conductivity (EC) variability within selected sites that contain sulfate-bearing materials, and 2) determine if electromagnetic induction has potential for locating hazardous levels of sulfate-bearing materials. The 0.43 ha study area is located in the Blackland Prairies and is a Vertisol known to contain gypsum at the time of site selection. Apparent EC using a model EM38 electromagnetic induction instrument was measured at 200 locations in July and November 2003, using a sampling grid with 5-m spacings. Representative rows and columns were selected from the map of apparent electrical conductivity, and soil cores taken to a depth of 1.5 m at 29 points. Soil samples were obtained by dividing cores into depth increments of 0 to 25 cm, 25 to 75 cm, and 75 to 150 cm. Laboratory analyses were run for each sample and included moisture content, EC and soluble cations and anions of the saturated paste extract, and percent gypsum. Elevation measurements were made to determine if changes in elevation related to EC measurements. Apparent EC proved to be more successful at detecting soluble salts during the dry sampling period (July) when the effect of soil moisture content was less. For July data, EC and gypsum were significantly correlated in the deepest samples (r2 = 0.51 and 0.15, respectively) to apparent EC. Further, soluble sulfate was significantly correlated to apparent EC (r2 = 0.30) at a depth of 25 to 75 cm. Results suggest that the EM38 can be used successfully to map variability of soil salinity across a field, but although correlation exists between apparent EC and sulfate-bearing materials, it is not sufficiently strong to serve as a good predictor for conditions surrounding lime-induced heave in soil.