La mondialisation de l’économie et l’internationalisation des marchés ont entrainé le développement sans précédent des alliances stratégiques. De nombreux travaux de recherches se sont attachés à décrire et tenter d'expliquer ce phénomène notamment en s'intéressant à leurs modes de gouvernance. Dans la plupart des travaux, deux modes de gouvernance sont identifiés et théorisés : la gouvernance contractuelle et la gouvernance relationnelle. Dans le prolongement de ces travaux, l'étude de la relation entre mode de gouvernance et performance occupe une place de choix en sciences de gestion. Partant de ce corpus, cette recherche vise à répondre à la question suivante : "Dans quelle mesure la structure de la gouvernance peut-elle améliorer la performance d'alliance?". En mobilisant la théorie des coûts de transactions (Williamson, 1985) et la théorie de l’échange social (Blau, 1964 ; Homans, 1961), cette recherche développe un modèle intégrateur à travers neuf hypothèses de recherche, permettant de comprendre le lien entre la gouvernance contractuelle, la gouvernance relationnelle et la performance d’alliance stratégique. Avec la collaboration de l'association France Biotech, ce modèle a été testé auprès d’un échantillon représentatif des firmes biotechnologiques françaises. La validation des hypothèses de recherche a été faite en ayant recours à la méthode PLS. Trois principaux résultats importants ont émergé : le choix de la gouvernance contractuelle est fortement recommandé en cas de forte spécificité des actifs investis dans l’alliance, une forte dépendance vis à vis du partenaire défavorise le recours à la gouvernance relationnelle ; et l’effet positif de la gouvernance relationnelle sur la performance d’alliance est plus fort que celui de la gouvernance contractuelle. / Economic globalization and internationalization of markets have led to an unprecedented development of strategic alliances. Many research projects have tried to describe and explain this phenomenon, some via exploration of modes of governance. Contractual and relational governance are the two modes of governance identified and theorized upon in the majority of these works. Extending this research avenue further in the area of Management Sciences, a prominent place is held by the relationship between mode of governance and performance. Based on this corpus, this research aims to answer the following question: “To what extent can the governance structure improve the performance of an alliance?” Mobilizing transaction cost theory (Williamson, 1985) and social exchange theory (Blau, 1964 ; Homans, 1961) this research develops an integrative model through nine research hypotheses in an effort to understand the link between contractual governance, relational governance and performance of strategic alliances. Thanks to collaboration with the French Biotech association, the model has been tested using a representative sample of French Biotech firms. The research hypotheses were validate using the PLS method. Three main important results emerge : contractual governance is a strongly recommended choice if there is a high level of asset specificity invested in the alliance ; in the case of strong dependence on a partner, relational governance is not the ideal choice ; and relational governance has a stronger positive effect on alliance performance than does contractual governance.

Thesis (DTech (Informatics))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. / The rapid growth of Chinese cross-border mergers and acquisitions have attracted global attention to Chinese businesses. As new mechanisms of Chinese expansion in the international business arena, cross-border mergers and acquisitions have necessitated indepth academic studies of the risks associated with these activities from a Chinese business context. The influence of the Chinese government's domination of Chinese business is not only presented as different merger and acquisition tactics, but also as styles of operation and management in the process of integration. In cooperating with different counterparts, the shareholders of both acquiring and acquired companies are seeking solutions to related structural and operational changes. This relies on an effective risk management system to achieve a successful synergistic alliance for value creation. In this research study a conceptual framework was developed to identify risks associated with cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The framework aims at identifying risks at threes levels, namely country, business and management. Risks at business and management level are the result of risks at country level, while risks at country level reflect risks at business and management levels. Therefore, risks identified in Chinese inbound mergers and acquisitions will be valuable risk parameters to Chinese outbound mergers and acquisitions. Cooperation during integration is pivotal to successful mergers and acquisitions. Operational and managerial styles of Chinese businesses are profoundly affected by factors such as the Chinese government's role in business, economic policies, laws and regulations, culture, and so forth. This research identifies risks associated with Chinese post- inbound mergers and acquisitions that are impacted upon by Chinese government domination, from a Chinese business perspective. In approaching this objective, this research studied 34 Chinese inbound mergers and acquisitions using a multiple case study method. The research adopted methodological triangulation for collecting evidence, and aimed at using in-depth case analyses to identify risk factors to add academic value to the field of study. As a result, the research findings strongly indicate that the Chinese government's domination has an extensive and intensive impact on risks associated with Chinese businesses in cross-border cooperation. These identified risks include business strategies and operation, policy implementation, legal compliance, and management performance. Consequently, risks associated with Chinese inbound mergers and acquisitions will mirror the risks of Chinese outbound activities. The research results contribute to the practical application for managing risks associated with both Chinese inbound and outbound mergers and acquisitions. As a solution, mitigation of risks is recommended in the process of both pre- and post- mergers and acquisitions. The research provides valuable insights for both risk management and practitioners in mergers and acquisitions, and facilitates the achievement of process synergy.

Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. / This research investigates the ordering process between small suppliers and retailers and the role of the Internet in this process. Product ordering and fulfilment are both important components of a supply chain, of which suppliers and retailers are members. The Internet as an enabling technology has an important role to play in supply chains and therefore also in order processing. Internet technology facilitates Business-to-Business (B2B) transactions. Retailers and their suppliers collaborate to align production with customer demands. Internet-enabled B2B supports this collaboration between businesses, allowing them to gain knowledge about customer demands real-time. This enables them to determine the impact of these demands on their operations. Using the Internet has the advantage that it provides an ever present link that is less costly than private networks and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). When the Internet is used to facilitate trade and commerce between businesses, ecommerce is established. With Internet-enabled B2B (or B2B e-commerce), multiple suppliers are connected to multiple customers. This reduces production cycle times, reduces inventory, improves speed and quality of communications and reduces costs. This research investigates suppliers in the retail supply chain and focuses more specifically on small businesses due to their reported importance in the South African economy. They provide employment to a large portion of the country's population and contribute almost half to the economic activity. Small suppliers form part of supply chains and have to adhere to the demands exerted by larger supply chain members in order to be included in such supply chains. Small suppliers have just as an important role to fulfil in supply chains as larger companies. Small suppliers are also responsible for connecting and integrating supply chain members and in so doing, reduce costs.

Thesis (MTech (Public Relations Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. / Public relations (PR) scholars and industry partners continue to emphasise the importance of a sustainable relationship between PR disciplines and key industry iii partners. This relationship seeks to respond to stakeholders that remain despondent with the quality of engagement between the South African PR academia and industry. Existing literature in this field argues that PR departments at South African universities are experiencing adverse scrutiny by industry as many current academic programmes do not produce students who are industry ready. To address this critical concern, building and sustaining relations with key stakeholders is imperative. This study examines engagement strategies that the PR programme at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology uses to build and sustain relations with key industry partners. The research draws on two Public Relations theories: stakeholder theory and two-way symmetrical communication to make sense of the strategies used by this programme. It is based on a qualitative approach and an exploratory case study research design. Empirical data were collected through one-to-one interviews and focus group discussions with PR programme staffs, final year PR students and employees from two external PR consultancies. The data were coded and thematically analysed. The main finding of the study is that current engagement strategies are ineffective for relationship building purposes between the PR programme and key industry partners. To sustain mutually beneficial relationships, it is recommended that existing strategies be revised in order to improve relations between the PR department at Cape Peninsular University of Technology (CPUT) and its industry partners, as well as to promote the advancement of both PR as an academic discipline and a profession.

Cette recherche porte sur le concept de la capacité d’absorption, et les mécanismes de gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) susceptibles de favoriser l’acquisition des connaissances en provenance d’un partenaire étranger au sein d’une alliance stratégique au Maroc. Nous avons tenté de repérer quelques pratiques de GRH sur lesquelles les responsables peuvent s’appuyer afin de développer une capacité d’assimilation et d’exploitation des connaissances et savoir-faire de leurs partenaires étrangers. Durant la première partie de cette recherche, nous avons réalisé un état de l’art sur les concepts des alliances stratégiques, de la capacité d’absorption et la gestion stratégique des ressources. Cette revue de littérature nous a permis d’établir trois hypothèses concernant la compétence et la motivation des employés ; ces deux axes sont présentés comme vecteurs majeurs en vue de l’acquisition d’une capacité d’absorption. Pour tester ces hypothèses, nous avons choisi une méthodologie qualitative, et des entretiens de face à face avec des dirigeants des sociétés de l’industrie aéronautique au Maroc. Ce secteur connaît actuellement un essor sans précédent et dans lequel nous pouvons observer les enjeux du transfert des connaissances. L’examen empirique des hypothèses a permis d’appuyer le rôle de la compétence des employés. Cette dernière peut être favorisée en premier lieu par la formation et en second lieu par l’évaluation. Le second axe étant la motivation du personnel à acquérir de nouvelles connaissances, elle peut être favorisée en premier lieu par la communication interne et en second lieu par une rémunération basée sur la performance. Ces résultats peuvent faire l’objet de recommandations pratiques aux dirigeants des sociétés industrielles au Maroc, afin de s’approprier les savoir-faire des sociétés étrangères en vue de confirmer la croissance économique queconnaît actuellement plusieurs secteurs économiques dans ce pays. / This research focuses on the concept of absorptive capacity, and the HRM mechanisms that can support knowledge acquisition from a foreign partner in strategic alliances in Morocco. We tried to identify some HRM practices on which managers can rely in order to obtain a capacity of assimilation and exploitation of knowledge and know-how of their foreign partners. During the first part of that research, we realized a state of the art on the concepts of strategic alliances, of the absorptive capacity and strategic HRM. This literature review has identified three assumptions about the competences andmotivation of employees. These two dimensions are presented as major vectors for the acquisition of absorptive capacity. To test these hypotheses, we chose a qualitative methodology and face to face interviews with company executives in the aviation industry in Morocco, this sector is experiencing unprecedented growth and in which we can observe the issues of transfer knowledge. The empirical examination of the assumptions has supported the role of employee competences. The latter can be promoted primarily through training and secondly by the evaluation. The second dimension is the motivation to acquire new knowledge, it can be promoted primarily by internal communication and secondly by a performance-based compensation. These results can be objects of practical recommendations to the leaders of industrial companies in Morocco, to acquire the expertise of foreign companies in order to confirm the economic growth currently being experienced several economic sectors in that country.

Capes / Este trabalho teve por objetivo propor um modelo para análise dos níveis de competitividade de redes de cooperação horizontais de empresas. Para isto, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica por meio de uma metodologia diferenciada de pesquisa e seleção de trabalhos científicos, estruturada com todos os trabalhos científicos publicados no período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2011 e dispostos no Portal Periódicos CAPES, formando um portfólio bibliográfico especializado no estudo e proposição de métodos, ferramentas e modelos para análise da competitividade e coopetição de redes de cooperação horizontais de empresas. Este portfólio fundamentou a identificação e construção dos Fatores Críticos de Sucesso – FCSs e as variáveis que compõem o modelo proposto, assim como as duas dimensões base da metodologia: cooperação e competência. Quanto à estrutura matemática do modelo, utilizou-se o método multicritério de apoio à decisão AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)para a atribuição e ponderação dos níveis de intensidade e importância aos FCSs. Desta forma, os valores extraídos da aplicação do método AHP e unidos à estrutura de diagnóstico do modelo, permitem a construção de um Diagrama Cooperação X Competências, do qual se permite analisar o posicionamento coopetitivo geral da rede e em particular de cada empresa constituinte dessa. Assim, com esta base, propôs-se um modelo que permite a construção de uma base estruturada para a avaliação do desenvolvimento evolutivo dos níveis de competitividade de redes de cooperação horizontais. Ainda, construiu-se uma ferramenta capaz de ultrapassar o limite do diagnóstico do Status quo coopetitivo da rede de cooperação em análise, conseguindo identificar pontualmente as lacunas e também falhas as quais limitam seu bom desempenho coopetitivo, causando retardamentos significativos no desenvolvimento evolutivo dos níveis de competitividade destas. Por fim, o modelo foi aplicado a uma rede de cooperação horizontal de empresas do setor moveleiro, atuante no meio oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Como principais resultados, obteve-se um modelo com uma estrutura metodológica de aplicação simples e objetiva, permitindo sua aplicação em qualquer tipologia de redes de cooperação horizontais, como também em qualquer setor de atuação em níveis regional, estadual e nacional, atribuindo ao modelo alto nível de aplicabilidade. Além deste, o modelo possui uma flexibilidade considerável de adaptação estrutural, ajustando-se à realidade do setor de atuação das Redes de Cooperação Horizontais- RCH nas quais foi aplicado, sendo possível o ajuste em termos de verificação de aplicabilidades de suas variáveis ao setor de atuação da rede em análise, como também a proposição ou exclusão de elementos em seus três níveis, ou seja, desde indicadores e variáveis, até o nível em que se encontram os FCSs. O modelo permite ainda, estabelecer os valores máximos de desempenho em que as redes de determinado setor, os quais podem participar na análise fundamentados na verificação de aplicabilidade de suas variáveis. / This work aimed to propose a model for analysis of competitiveness levels in horizontal cooperation of company’s networks. For this purpose, a literature review was performed using a different methodology and selection of research papers, structured with all the scientific papers published between January 2008 and July 2011, disposed in the CAPES Periodicals Portal, forming a specializing bibliographic portfolio of study and proposal of methods, tools and models for the coopetition networks analysis of the horizontal cooperation of companies. This portfolio was based in the identification and construction of the Critical Success Factors - CSFs and the variables that compose the model, as well as the methodology based on two dimensions: cooperation and competence. In terms of the model mathematical structure, we used the multicriteria method of decision support AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) for the allocation and weighting, levels of intensity and importance to the CSFs. Thus, the values derived from the application of AHP joined to the structure of the diagnostic model, allowing the construction of a diagram Cooperation X Competences, which allows analyzing the overall network of the coopetition positioning as particular constituent of each company. Thus, on this basis has been proposed a model that allows the construction of a structured basis for the assessment of the evolutionary level in development from competitive horizontal networks. Still, a tool was built to overcome the limit of the diagnosis of the Status quo of coopetition on network cooperation analysis, occasionally able to identify gaps and also shortcomings which limit their coopetition performance, causing significant delays in the evolutionary development in the competitiveness levels. Finally, the model was applied in a horizontal cooperation network of furniture companies, active in the Middle Western from Santa Catarina state. The main result obtained was a model with a methodological framework with simple and straightforward application, allowing its application in any type of horizontal cooperation networks, as well as in any sector of activity at regional, in state and in national levels, giving to the model a top level of applicability. Besides this, the model has considerable flexibility in structural adjustment, adjusting to the reality of the Horizontal Cooperation Networks - RCH sector in which it was applied, then it becomes possible to its adjustment in terms of checking the applicability of its variable sector of network analysis, as well as the proposition or deletion of elements in its three levels, it means from indicators and variables till the level of CSFs., the model still allows the establishment of maximum performance levels in the networks of a given sector, which ones can participate in analysis, based on the verification of its variables applicability.

Capes / Este trabalho teve por objetivo propor um modelo para análise dos níveis de competitividade de redes de cooperação horizontais de empresas. Para isto, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica por meio de uma metodologia diferenciada de pesquisa e seleção de trabalhos científicos, estruturada com todos os trabalhos científicos publicados no período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2011 e dispostos no Portal Periódicos CAPES, formando um portfólio bibliográfico especializado no estudo e proposição de métodos, ferramentas e modelos para análise da competitividade e coopetição de redes de cooperação horizontais de empresas. Este portfólio fundamentou a identificação e construção dos Fatores Críticos de Sucesso – FCSs e as variáveis que compõem o modelo proposto, assim como as duas dimensões base da metodologia: cooperação e competência. Quanto à estrutura matemática do modelo, utilizou-se o método multicritério de apoio à decisão AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)para a atribuição e ponderação dos níveis de intensidade e importância aos FCSs. Desta forma, os valores extraídos da aplicação do método AHP e unidos à estrutura de diagnóstico do modelo, permitem a construção de um Diagrama Cooperação X Competências, do qual se permite analisar o posicionamento coopetitivo geral da rede e em particular de cada empresa constituinte dessa. Assim, com esta base, propôs-se um modelo que permite a construção de uma base estruturada para a avaliação do desenvolvimento evolutivo dos níveis de competitividade de redes de cooperação horizontais. Ainda, construiu-se uma ferramenta capaz de ultrapassar o limite do diagnóstico do Status quo coopetitivo da rede de cooperação em análise, conseguindo identificar pontualmente as lacunas e também falhas as quais limitam seu bom desempenho coopetitivo, causando retardamentos significativos no desenvolvimento evolutivo dos níveis de competitividade destas. Por fim, o modelo foi aplicado a uma rede de cooperação horizontal de empresas do setor moveleiro, atuante no meio oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Como principais resultados, obteve-se um modelo com uma estrutura metodológica de aplicação simples e objetiva, permitindo sua aplicação em qualquer tipologia de redes de cooperação horizontais, como também em qualquer setor de atuação em níveis regional, estadual e nacional, atribuindo ao modelo alto nível de aplicabilidade. Além deste, o modelo possui uma flexibilidade considerável de adaptação estrutural, ajustando-se à realidade do setor de atuação das Redes de Cooperação Horizontais- RCH nas quais foi aplicado, sendo possível o ajuste em termos de verificação de aplicabilidades de suas variáveis ao setor de atuação da rede em análise, como também a proposição ou exclusão de elementos em seus três níveis, ou seja, desde indicadores e variáveis, até o nível em que se encontram os FCSs. O modelo permite ainda, estabelecer os valores máximos de desempenho em que as redes de determinado setor, os quais podem participar na análise fundamentados na verificação de aplicabilidade de suas variáveis. / This work aimed to propose a model for analysis of competitiveness levels in horizontal cooperation of company’s networks. For this purpose, a literature review was performed using a different methodology and selection of research papers, structured with all the scientific papers published between January 2008 and July 2011, disposed in the CAPES Periodicals Portal, forming a specializing bibliographic portfolio of study and proposal of methods, tools and models for the coopetition networks analysis of the horizontal cooperation of companies. This portfolio was based in the identification and construction of the Critical Success Factors - CSFs and the variables that compose the model, as well as the methodology based on two dimensions: cooperation and competence. In terms of the model mathematical structure, we used the multicriteria method of decision support AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) for the allocation and weighting, levels of intensity and importance to the CSFs. Thus, the values derived from the application of AHP joined to the structure of the diagnostic model, allowing the construction of a diagram Cooperation X Competences, which allows analyzing the overall network of the coopetition positioning as particular constituent of each company. Thus, on this basis has been proposed a model that allows the construction of a structured basis for the assessment of the evolutionary level in development from competitive horizontal networks. Still, a tool was built to overcome the limit of the diagnosis of the Status quo of coopetition on network cooperation analysis, occasionally able to identify gaps and also shortcomings which limit their coopetition performance, causing significant delays in the evolutionary development in the competitiveness levels. Finally, the model was applied in a horizontal cooperation network of furniture companies, active in the Middle Western from Santa Catarina state. The main result obtained was a model with a methodological framework with simple and straightforward application, allowing its application in any type of horizontal cooperation networks, as well as in any sector of activity at regional, in state and in national levels, giving to the model a top level of applicability. Besides this, the model has considerable flexibility in structural adjustment, adjusting to the reality of the Horizontal Cooperation Networks - RCH sector in which it was applied, then it becomes possible to its adjustment in terms of checking the applicability of its variable sector of network analysis, as well as the proposition or deletion of elements in its three levels, it means from indicators and variables till the level of CSFs., the model still allows the establishment of maximum performance levels in the networks of a given sector, which ones can participate in analysis, based on the verification of its variables applicability.

O estudo buscou identificar a relação entre o perfil de governança de alianças brasileiras da pecuária de corte bovina e a coordenação dos agentes. A análise utilizou o arcabouço da teoria dos custos de transação para identificar as dimensões das transações, especificidade de ativos, freqüência e incerteza, e os conceitos de escopo relativo e embeddedness para a avaliação da densidade das relações dos agentes. Realizou-se uma descrição da pecuária de corte bovina nacional que caracterizou o processo de modernização da atividade a partir da análise das práticas de produção rural, a evolução das liberações de recursos de crédito rural e a expansão da presença internacional da carne bovina brasileira. A pesquisa também levantou a literatura sobre a coordenação dos agentes do sistema agroindustrial, produtores rurais, indústria frigorífica e varejo, tanto em termos internacionais como a partir da experiência nacional. Desenvolveu-se, por fim, uma pesquisa empírica junto a quatro alianças nacionais, cada qual liderada por um agente pertencente a um elo do processo produtivo, em que se obtiveram indícios que a coordenação entre os agentes é favorecida, tanto mediante a constituição de rede de relacionamentos horizontais, sob a liderada dos produtores rurais, como através da constituição de uma rede hierárquica, sob o controle do varejo. / The research aimed at finding the link between the governance structures and the coordination in Brazilian beef alliances. The analysis is based upon the transaction cost economics to identify the transaction dimensions, investment specificity, frequency and uncertainty, and on the concepts of relative scope and embbededness in order to finding the relationships density among agents. A description of the Brazilian beef agroindustrial system was developed in order to understand its modernization process based upon the analysis of its rural production practices, the increasing pattern of rural financing operations, and the Brazilian beef exports growth at the international markets. The research also has summed up the beef agribusiness system literature about players coordination: farmers, pack industry and retailers, at international and national levels. It was performed an empirical research on four Brazilian beef alliances each one with the leadership performed by a specific agent in the production chain: farmers, pack industry and retailing. It was found evidence that agents coordination is strengthened by horizontal network of dense relationships implemented by farmers leadership, and also through retailer vertical control.

O presente trabalho tem como foco o estudo e análise das alianças estratégicas realizadas entre empresas do setor do real estate, no período entre 2006 e 2010, enfatizando as alianças realizadas entre empresas atuantes predominantemente nas cidades de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro com empresas atuantes nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, cujo objetivo por parte das empresas paulistas foi o espalhamento geográfico. Considerando o volume representativo de alianças estratégicas verificado no setor no período em questão e a geração de resultados dos empreendimentos objetos de tais parcerias inferiores às expectativas estabelecidas, o objetivo do trabalho é a apresentação de um conjunto de diretrizes que possa contribuir para o planejamento, realização e condução de futuras parcerias entre empresas do setor, visando a mitigar dificuldades e a explorar da melhor forma possível os benefícios que as alianças estratégicas podem proporcionar. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa por meio de um estudo de casos múltiplos abrangendo o estudo de empresas de capital aberto que atuavam predominantemente nas capitais do eixo Rio-São Paulo, empresas atuantes em nível regional no Norte e Nordeste brasileiro que realizaram parcerias com as empresas do Sudeste, além de empresas de consultoria que estiveram envolvidas nas parcerias por meio de prestação de serviços. Tal pesquisa permitiu identificar as principais dificuldades, vantagens e desvantagens decorrentes das parcerias em questão, cujos dados foram analisados e discutidos à luz da revisão bibliográfica, embasando assim o conjunto de diretrizes proposto. As diretrizes apresentadas visam a contribuir com todo o processo que envolve a realização de uma parceria, contemplando desde aspectos de planejamento, gestão até aspectos operacionais e são complementadas por recomendações que somadas às diretrizes podem elevar a probabilidade de êxito das parcerias. / This work focuses on the study and analysis of strategic alliances made between companies in the real estate sector in the period between 2006 and 2010, emphasizing the alliances made between companies operating predominantly in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro with companies operating in North and Northeast of Brazil, whose goal by the São Paulo companies was the geographical spread. Whereas the representative volume of strategic alliances observed in the sector in the period, and the generation of results of the objects of such developments partnerships lower than the set expectations, the main goal is to present a set of guidelines that can contribute to the planning, achievement and conduct of future partnerships between companies in order to mitigate difficulties and to explore the best possible way the benefits that strategic alliances can provide. Therefore, a research had been carried out through a multiple case study covering the study of publicly traded companies operating predominantly in the capitals of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, companies operating at the regional level in the North and Northeast Brazil who underwent partnerships with companies in the Southeast, and consulting firms that were involved in partnerships through service. This research identified the main difficulties, advantages and disadvantages of partnerships in question and the data was analyzed and discussed based on the bibliography review, so basing the set of suggested guidelines. The guidelines presented are intended to contribute to the process that involves the pursuit of a partnership, covering aspects from planning, management, and operational aspects and are complemented by recommendations that added to the guidelines can increase the probability of success of partnerships.

Este estudo analisou duas experiências de alianças estratégicas intersetoriais realizadas entre empresas e comunidades na Amazônia no início do século XXI, com o intuito de identificar contribuições para as práticas de desenvolvimento sustentável a serem propostas por organizações privadas e públicas. Concluiu-se que, à despeito das necessidades de adaptação encontradas nos casos estudados, o aprendizado obtido com as práticas de alianças que vêm sendo realizadas na Amazônia, podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento socioambiental desta região. Percebeu-se um potencial imenso de alcançar resultados econômicos, sociais e ambientais se as alianças intersetoriais forem estimuladas e se elas passarem a fazer parte de fóruns de discussão mais amplos, superando preconceitos quanto ao papel de cada ator social e partindo de regras do jogo mais claras. Para chegar a esta conclusão foi montado um quadro teórico composto pela análise da dinâmica dos laços sociais em comunidades com pessoas provenientes de diversas regiões, e de algumas das formas possíveis de organização e participação comunitária. Também foi verificado se tais aspectos facilitavam ou dificultavam a criação e o respeito a regras formais e informais de convivência e o uso sustentável de recursos naturais. Além do papel do ambiente institucional e dos custos de transação em uma visão crítica do desenvolvimento sustentável. A motivação para este estudo se tornou evidente a partir do agravamento das conseqüências dos problemas ambientais e da urgência de se apontar alternativas que envolvessem os diversos atores sociais para lidar com os complexos desafios inerentes a uma região que triplicou sua população desde a década de 1970, e que, apesar da inexistência de um modelo de desenvolvimento adequado às suas especificidades, ainda concentra uma parcela importante das riquezas naturais disponíveis no planeta. Tornando-se o foco da observação internacional e da busca de alternativas de geração de renda que se equilibrassem à manutenção da riqueza dos conhecimentos tradicionais sobre os recursos naturais. Passou-se a exigir das atividades econômicas empresariais uma convivência tranqüila com o extrativismo e a agricultura familiar, além do respeito às normas para que todos pudessem, efetivamente, contribuir para a redução da pressão sobre a floresta gerada pela extração de recursos superior à capacidade de reposição natural. A partir dos anos 1990, iniciou-se uma convergência de opiniões sobre a necessidade de integrar diversos agentes econômicos no esforço de promover o desenvolvimento, que devia ser entendido como o processo de transformação da sociedade não só em relação aos meios, mas também aos fins, produzindo benefícios comuns. Ampliando este conceito, o desenvolvimento sustentável passou a ser entendido como a utilização de recursos para atender às necessidades do presente sem comprometer a capacidade das gerações futuras em atender as suas próprias necessidades. Dar o salto dos modelos tradicionais para uma proposição de desenvolvimento sustentável vem exigindo mudanças de estratégias públicas e privadas e de atitudes individuais e coletivas. Diante disso, optou-se pela modelagem de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratório-descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, empregando o método de estudo comparativo de casos, o que propiciou a inferência de variáveis a serem testadas em posteriores pesquisas hipotético-dedutivas: imagem, estratégia de negócios, transparência, confiança mútua, atração de talentos e regularização fundiária. Procurou-se controlar as limitações e os vieses inerentes a este tipo de pesquisa utilizando ferramentais metodológicos como a criação de protocolos de pesquisa e a triangulação de técnicas. / This research analyzed two experiences of inter-sector strategic alliances between companies and communities in Amazonia in the starts of the 21th century, to identify contributions to public and private organizations to put into practice the concept of sustainable development. The main conclusion is despite problems found in the cases studied; that their learning can contribute to the social and environmental development of Amazonia. There are a huge potential to find economic, social and environmental results if society stimulate inter-sector alliances and if this kind of arrange become part of ample discussion forums, taking care with biases about role of each social actor and based in clear \"rules of the game\". To find this conclusion was designed a theoretical frame composed of an analysis of social relations in communities with people that came from other places besides conceptual references about organization and community participation, used to verify if its aspects can make easier or more difficult to create and to respect formal and social rules to preserve natural resources. To complete this analysis were studied concepts of institutional environment and costs of transaction based in a critical vision of sustainable development. The motivation to do this research starts with a preoccupation with the growing consequences of environmental problems and the urgency to connect several social actors to find alternatives to the inherent challenges of a region that has three times more people than in 1970. In spite of there aren\'t a development model created specially for the region, it still has a important part of natural wealth of the world. Amazonia becomes the focus of international observation and of the search for alternatives that put together income generation and traditional knowledge. Now, companies have to pay attention in communities\' activities like agriculture in small areas and respect rules that could contribute to reduce pressure over the forest. Since 1990 started a convergence about need of join several economic agent to promote development or transforming society producing common benefits. Sustainable development was defined like the using resources to attend actual necessities without make difficult to future generations to attend their own necessities. This urgent necessity has asked mind changes in public and private strategies and in individual and collective attitudes. To analyze it complex scenery, was designed a exploratory-descriptive qualitative research, using comparative case studies method, that gave the inference of variables to be tested in the hypothetical-deductive researches: image, business strategy, transparency, mutual confidence, talent attraction and land use rules. It was tried to control inherent limitations and biases using methodological instruments like research protocols and triangulation of techniques.