L’hybridation, phénomène omniprésent dans de nombreux domaines, a particulièrement influencé l’évolution du cinéma. Alors que les premières générations de cinéastes semblaient avoir tout inventé de ce nouvel art, le cinéma n’a cessé d’emprunter aux dernières technologies et aux dernières formes d’expressions artistiques, à mesure que se mettaient en place des média de plus en plus présents dans la vie quotidienne. L’étude des passerelles qui se multiplient au fil des décennies, permet de cerner les mécanismes qui concourent à l’abolition progressive des frontières entre les média et les disciplines artistiques. Toutefois, la présente recherche ne se borne pas à scruter ces seules œuvres issues des dernières technologies, mais elle se réfère aussi aux pionniers avant-gardistes des années 1920 qui ont posé les bases de l’hybridation. Elle est donc structurée selon deux grands axes : d’une part l’axe historique, l’histoire du cinéma étant profondément marquée par les vicissitudes de notre temps, et d’autre part l’axe de la pluridisciplinarité, incluant les diverses formes d’expressions artistiques et les divers média. Plus spécifiquement, dans le foisonnement de la production cinématographique, la présente étude se propose de faire le point sur la situation du cinéma hybride au tournant du siècle, à partir d’un corpus constitué de douze films produits en France, aux U.S.A. , au Canada et au Japon, entre 1983 et 2004, et auxquels fait pendant Metropolis de Fritz Lang [1927]. Enfin, comme on pourra le constater, cette enquête s’est inspirée des nombreuses et pertinentes études et comptes-rendus qui l’ont précédée. / Hybridisation, which is overwhelmingly present in many fields, has particularly influenced the evolution of cinematographic art. Although the first generations of film-makers seemed to have invented everything in this new art form, the cinema has always borrowed from the most modern technologies and the latest forms of artistic expression, while at the same time the media were taking up a larger and larger place in our everyday lives. The study of the links between them, which multiplied over the decades, allows us to understand the mechanisms contributing to the gradual abolition of the dividing lines between the media and artistic disciplines. However, the present research is not limited to the examination of works resulting from the most recent technological developments, since it also refers back to the avant-garde pioneers of the 1920’s, who set the basis for hybridisation. It is therefore centered around two main axes : on the one hand, the historical axis since cinema history has been profoundly marked by the vicissitudes of our time, and on the other hand the pluridisciplinary axis, including diverse forms of artistic expression and various media. More specifically, amid the wealth of cinematographic productions, this study proposes to take stock of the state of hybrid cinema at the turn of the century, using a corpus composed of 12 films, made in France, the United States, Canada and Japan between 1983 and 2004 and which go hand in hand with Fritz Lang’s Metropolis [1927]. Finally, it can be seen that this study has been inspired by the numerous and pertinent works and reports which have preceded it.

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Around the world, many forested areas have been and continue to be cleared for expanding agriculture. Canada’s remaining forested lands account for around 9% of the world’s forest cover. Although only a fraction is lost to deforestation annually (0.02%, 2013), Statistics Canada reports that conversion to agriculture is the most significant driver of forest loss. As climate changes and agricultural demand expands, this trend is expected to continue, and ecosystems will continue to be impacted by resulting habitat loss and hydrological changes that can impact infrastructure and communities. Additionally, changes to sediment and nutrient loadings can harm ecosystems and affect the downstream usability of freshwater supplies. The impact of increased sediment and nutrient concentrations in freshwater systems has been extensively documented in the literature. In some extreme cases, it can lead to anoxic ‘dead zones’ in riverine, lacustrine, and marine habitats. Many river systems in Canada have shown elevated nutrient levels in recent years, often tied to the expansion of agricultural land use and destruction of natural forests to increasing nutrient levels in downstream rivers, lakes, and oceans. This study applies numerical modelling to quantify the influence of forest loss, agricultural expansion and the application of best management practices (BMPs) on water quality and quantity in the South Nation Watershed in eastern Ontario, Canada. The land use in the watershed is mainly agricultural (over 60%) with forest (27%) that is unevenly distributed in the basin. Aerial photography surveys from 2008 and 2014 show a steady decline in forest cover. Recent water quality monitoring has shown nutrient concentrations at or above Canadian water quality standards in many parts of the basin. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to model the watershed because of its capacity to simulate comprehensive land management scenarios and assess their impact on a variety of water quantity and parameters quickly and effectively. The work was performed in four steps: 1. Recent land use configurations (2008-2014) in the watershed were acquired, and simplified land use projections based on the direct substitution of cropland for forest land were developed. 2. A numerical model was calibrated and validated for the initial land use scenario. 3. These land use scenarios, as well as more hypothetical scenarios representing more extensive deforestation and reforestation, were used as the basis for hydrological modelling using 31 years of real-world meteorological observations. 4. Idealized vegetated filter strips (VFSs) and grassed waterways (GWWs) were added to the cropped land packages to study the potential of these practices to contribute to the management of water quality. Analysis of the 33 output datasets derived from simulations of the suite of land use scenarios with and without VFSs and GWWs leads to several conclusions, while also raising some questions. Generally, forests significantly reduce sediment, nitrate and phosphorus outputs to streams as well as slightly reducing water yield compared to cropped areas due to an increase in surface runoff, groundwater and lateral flow combined with the absence of tile drainage. Across subbasins, this translates to significant reductions in sediment, nitrate and total phosphorus loadings entering the river reaches and a slight increase in water yield. At the basin outlet near Plantagenet, Ontario, streamflow and sediment loading show to have little sensitivity to changes in forest and crop cover, while increased forest cover leads to significantly reduced nutrient loadings, particularly in late spring and early winter. It is clear from this work that continued deforestation will continue to drive further nutrient enrichment in the South Nation River, while VFSs seems to have a significant potential for offsetting some of this enrichment. Streamflow and sediment loadings, however, are not significantly impacted by foreseeable deforestation. The influence of land use change and BMPs was much more significant in the runoff than in exports from the basin, suggesting there would be value in further examination of water quality and quantity at a higher spatial density to expand on assumptions of in-stream processes made here.

This thesis deals with coplanar directional and hybrid couplers. Firstly, the thesis describes the theory of hybrid microwave integrated circuits with their advantages and disadvantages in comparison with other types of microwave circuits. Next, the thesis deals with basic microstrips and individual types of coplanar strips and waveguides are also more closely analyzed. The thesis also explains a theory of directional and hybrid couplers and analyses particular kinds of directionality and attributes of the real directional couplers. The following chapter shows a method of design of a few coplanar directional coupler types. Attributes of the types are then verified in CST Microwave Studio. The last chapter includes measured parameters of the couplers and their comparison with the theoretical values from the previous part. The next aim of the thesis is to create laboratory tasks which deals with coplanar directional couplers. The laboratory task is found in the appendix.

Orientador: Alvaro Luiz Hattnher / Banca: Márcio Roberto do Prado / Banca: Giséle Manganelli Fernandes / Resumo: Desde os anos 2000 os filmes de super-herói alcançaram grande sucesso, tanto de crítica quanto de bilheteria, devido à sua dependência nas adaptações de histórias em quadrinhos. Maior exemplo desse sucesso é o Marvel Cinematic Universe [Universo Cinematográfico Marvel], obra do Marvel Studios, já na marca de vinte e três longas-metragens, que tem o mérito de ter conseguido adaptar para o cinema (com a adição de séries de TV, web series, novelizações, parques temáticos e histórias em quadrinhos) o universo compartilhado criado por Stan Lee nos quadrinhos da editora Marvel Comics nos anos 1960, além de ter criado uma nova forma de produzir adaptações. Essencial para o êxito desse universo compartilhado foi o engajamento da parcela do público leitora do material adaptado, e sua ideia sobre autenticidade e fidelidade a respeito dele. Esse envolvimento dos fãs, e sua subsequente aprovação das adaptações permitiu, também, o oferecimento de um método diferenciado e eficiente de marketing para o restante do público: o vigésimo-segundo filme lançado pelo estúdio, Vingadores: Ultimato (2019), penúltimo filme da série de filmes que ficou conhecida como Saga do Infinito, iniciada em 2008 com o lançamento de Homem de Ferro, se tornou a maior bilheteria de todos os tempos, levando às salas de cinema fãs de longa data dos quadrinhos adaptados, espectadores ocasionais e pessoas que nunca se interessaram pelo gênero super-herói, mas que foram conferir o que faz desses filmes algo tão... / Abstract: Since the 2000s, superhero films have achieved both critical and box office success due to their reliance on comic book adaptations. The greatest example of this success is Marvel Cinematic Universe, a work of Marvel Studios, with already twenty-three feature films, which has the merit of being able to adapt to the cinema (with the addition of TV series, web series, novelizations, theme parks, and comics) the shared universe created by Stan Lee in the Marvel Comics in the 1960s, and created a new way of producing adaptations. Essential to the triumph of this shared universe was the engagement of the portion of readers of the adapted material, and their idea of authenticity and fidelity about it. This fan involvement, and their subsequent approval of the adaptations, also allowed for a differentiated and efficient marketing method to be offered to the rest of the audience: the twenty-second film released by the studio, Avengers: Endgame (2019), the second-to-last movie in the movie series known as The Infinity Saga, which began in 2008 with the release of Iron Man, has become the biggest box office of all time, bringing to the theaters long-time fans of adapted comics, occasional viewers, and people who have never been interested in the superhero genre but who have been checking out what makes these movies so appealing. To better understand how this fan engagement with MCU adaptations has influenced not only the shared universe and its expansion, but the setting of ... / Mestre

The aim of the diploma thesis is processing of the design documentation for realization of the construction of a kindergarten in Pohořelice. It is a detached two-storey building with a partial basement. The building is divided into two functional objects. There are two classes for the kindergarten, kitchen, and offices on the first floor. On the second floor there is two classes of kindergarten too, and three classes for school children. Vertical supporting structures are made of ceramic blocks, in the basement there are reinforced concrete structures. Horizontal load-bearing structures ale mad of prestresses hollow core slabs Spiroll. The object is based on concrete strip foundations. The building is roofed with green flat roof.

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Measurements of higher harmonics of the ac voltage response in YBCO thin film strips under low amplitude and low frequency harmonic excitation, as a function of temperature, show a non linear response of the conductivity in the superconducting transition interval. The third and fifth harmonics of the local voltage as a function of T exhibit a peak near Tc and their amplitudes seem to be closely related to the T-derivative of the first harmonic. The peaks are linearly dependent on the current amplitude and do not depend on frequency. The observed data are partially interpreted in terms of ac current induced thermal modulation of the sample temperature added to strong thermally activated fluctuations in the transition region. The fit of the model to the data gives information of some sample properties such as zero temperature critical current, zero onset resistance and thermal boundary conductance.

Many people assume that editorial cartoons are easily understood by the bulk of the population. For this reason, editorial cartoons are often used as teaching materials in the classroom. Recent research, however, raises doubts as to the effectiveness of this practice. Investigations by Bedient (1971) and DeSousa & Medhurst (1982) determined that the majority of students (grade 5 through college) could not interpret editorial cartoons. These investigators went on to suggest that a logical next step would be to determine if editorial cartoon literacy can be taught. The cognitive style of the participants was examined to determine if the different teaching strategies were differentially effective vis-a-vis field dependence and field independence. Two presentations (treatments) were designed to model methods of reading editorial cartoons. The Whole Cartoon Analysis presented 25 editorial cartoons along with a 100-200 word interpretation of each cartoon. The Parse Analysis Treatment was accomplished in three steps rather than the one for the Whole method. In step one, the whole cartoon is presented with a short gloss of the meaning. In step two all of the cartoon is visually suppressed except for one visual meaning element. This element of the cartoon is discussed and then the next element of the cartoon is added, and so on until the entire cartoon is back on the screen at which point the overall meaning is discussed. The dependent variable of the investigation was the two-part Editorial Cartoon Interpretation Task. Part A asked each participant to enumerate the symbols in the cartoon and define them as to meaning. Part B asked the participant to write a short thematic interpretation of the cartoon. A two-way Analysis of Variance on the data revealed no significant differences in either the main effects or the interaction. / Ed. D.

At the outset of this investigation its purpose was stated as that of discovering what relationships if any might exist between the quality of comic books read by certain seventh-grade children and their intelligence quotients, reading scores, and language scores. In attempting to carry out its purpose, two hundred seventh-grade children, attending three elementary schools in Wythe County, Virginia, were chosen as subjects for investigation. The manner of proceeding from that point has been described in the preceding chapter. The presentation of findings resulting from the various steps taken to obtain data have been reserved for this chapter; likewise, the interpretations stemming from such findings. The results of administering intelligence, reading, and language tests to the chosen population of children are given herewith, in the form of grouped frequency distributions, in Tables I, II, and III. The so-called comic quotients for the same group are found in Table IV. The coefficients of correlation as computed by the Statistical Laboratory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, for the same children are found in Table V of this study, page 59. / M.S.