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FRAGMENT BASED DRUG DEVELOPMENT BASED ON 6,7 DIMETHOXYQUINAZOLINE AS A CORE SCAFFOLDOrahoske, Cody M. 11 July 2023 (has links)
No description available.
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Data Mining/Machine Learning Techniques for Drug Discovery: Computational and Experimental Pipeline DevelopmentChen, Jonathan Jun Feng 23 May 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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The identification & optimisation of endogenous signalling pathway modulatorsGianella-Borradori, Matteo Luca January 2013 (has links)
<strong>Chapter 1</strong> Provides an overview of drug discovery with particular emphasis on library selection and hit identification methods using virtual based approaches. <strong>Chapter 2</strong> Gives an outline of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway and literature BMP pathway modulators. The association between the regulation of BMP pathway and cardiomyogenesis is also described. <strong>Chapter 3</strong> Describes the use of ligand based virtual screening to discover small molecule activators of the BMP signalling pathway. A robust cell based BMP responsive gene activity reporter assay was developed to test the libraries of small molecules selected. Hit molecules from the screen were synthesised to validate activity. It was found that a group of known histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors displayed most promising activity. These were evaluated in a secondary assay measuring the expression of two BMP pathway regulated genes, hepcidin and Id1, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 188 was discovered to increase expression of both BMP-responsive genes. <strong>Chapter 4</strong> Provides an overview of existing cannabinoid receptor (CBR) modulating molecules and their connection to progression of atherosclerosis. <strong>Chapter 5</strong> Outlines the identification and optimisation of selective small molecule agonists acting at the cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB<sub>2</sub>R). Ligand based virtual screen was undertaken and promising hits were synthesised to allow structure activity relationship (SAR) to be developed around the hit molecule providing further information of the functional groups tolerated at the active site. Subsequent studies led to the investigation and optimisation of physicochemical properties around 236 leading to the development of a suitable compound for in vivo testing. Finally, a CB<sub>2</sub>R selective compound with favourable physicochemical properties was evaluated in vivo in a murine inflammation model and displayed reduced recruitment of monocytes to the site of inflammation.
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Synthese von neuartigen Sphingosin-DerivatenKlose-Stier, Alexandra 19 April 2017 (has links)
Sphingolipide sind essentielle Bestandteile der Plasmamembranen aller eukaryotischen Organismen und besitzen als Signalmoleküle regulierende Eigenschaften auf diverse zelluläre Prozesse. Hierbei spielen die G-Protein-gekoppelten S1P-Rezeptoren eine wichtige Rolle. Diese werden durch das natürliche Sphingosin-1-phosphat sowie die Sphingosin-Derivate FTY720 und cis-4-Methylsphingosin selektiv adressiert. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Synthese von fünfzehn neuartigen Sphingosin-Derivaten mit potenziell neuen biologischen Eigenschaften. Hierfür wurde die Leitstruktur des natürlichen D-erythro-Sphingosins an den Positionen 1, 3 und/oder 4 modifiziert. Die biologischen Studien mit diesen Verbindungen lieferten erste Erkenntnisse zur Inhibition des S1P-induzierten Calcium-Anstiegs, der Wechselwirkung mit den S1P-Rezeptoren und der zellulären Lokalisation in Chlamydia trachomatis infizierten Zellen. Darüber hinaus wurde eine Methode, die einen schnelleren und variablen Zugang zu den 4-verzweigten Sphingosin-Derivaten erlaubt, etabliert. / Sphingolipids are essential constituents of plasma membranes in all eukaryotic organisms. They also participate as signalling molecules in almost all physiological processes. Here G-protein coupled S1P receptors play an important role. These receptors are selectively addressed by natural ligand sphingosine-1-phosphate as well as by sphingosine analogues FTY720 and cis-4-methylsphingosine. This work describes the synthesis of fifteen sphingosine analogues with potential biological activity. For this purpose, the natural lead structure of D-erythro-sphingosine was modified at positions 1, 3 and/or 4. The biological studies of these compounds provided the first insights to the inhibition of S1P-induced calcium increase, the interaction with S1P receptors and the cellular localization in Chlamydia trachomatis infected cells. Moreover, an adapted method that allowed faster and adaptable access to 4-branched sphingosines was established.
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Synthèse d'inhibiteurs de l'interaction entre la protéine à domaine PDZ, PSD-95 et le récepteur de la sérotoninte 5-HT2A pour le traitement des douleurs neuropathiques / Inhibitors synthesis of the interaction between the PDZ domain protein, PSD-95, and the serotonin receptor 5-HT2A, for the treatment of neuropathic painVallon, Gary 15 January 2016 (has links)
Les protéines à domaines PDZ sont impliquées dans des interactions protéine-protéine (IPP) et participent aux transports de signaux impliqués dans de nombreuses pathologies (cancer, mucoviscidose, douleur,…). L’interruption de l’interaction entre la protéine à domaine PDZ, PSD-95, et le récepteur de la sérotonine, 5-HT2A, réduit l’hyperalgie mécanique sur un modèle expérimental de douleur neuropathique chez les rats. Afin de concevoir de nouveaux inhibiteurs de cette interaction, antalgiques potentiels, trois stratégies ont été développées au cours de ces travaux. Une première stratégie a consisté à réaliser une étude de relation structure-activité à partir d’un inhibiteur connu, qui nous a permis d’identifier des groupements pharmacophores et ainsi obtenir une nouvelle molécule possédant un noyau indolique, capable d’inhiber l’interaction entre PSD-95 et 5-HT2A et possédant un effet anti-hyperalgique chez le rat neuropathique. La deuxième stratégie a consisté à valider la méthode du fragment-based drug design aux protéines à domaines PDZ en réalisant la déconstruction d’un inhibiteur connu de l’interaction en plusieurs fragments qui ont été criblés par RMN HSQC 1H-15N. Une évaluation systématique par RMN de chaque couple de fragments, suivie d’une étude de modélisation moléculaire a ensuite permis de mettre en évidence trois nouvelles molécules qui ont été synthétisées et évaluées par RMN HSQC 1H-15N. La troisième stratégie a été une approche peptidomimétique à partir de l’extrémité C-terminale de 5-HT2A, qui a conduit à la synthèse d’un peptoïde capable d’interagir avec la protéine à domaine PDZ. Ces études nous permettent d’envisager le développement de nouveaux antalgiques soit issus de la synthèse organique soit issus de mimes de peptides. / PDZ domains proteins are involved in protein-protein interaction (PPI) and participate in the transport of signals involved in numerous diseases (cancer, cystic fibrosis, pain, …). The disruption the interaction between the PDZ domains protein, PSD-95, and the serotonin receptor, 5-HT2A, reduces mechanical hyperalgesia in a rodent model of neuropathic pain in rats. To design new inhibitors as potential analgesics of this interaction, three strategies have been developed in this work. A first strategy was to conduct a study of structure-activity relationship from a known inhibitor, which allowed us to identify the pharmacophore groups and obtain a new molecule with an indole ring, capable of inhibiting the interaction between PSD-95 and 5-HT2A and possessing an anti-hyperalgesic effect on neuropathic rats. The second strategy was to validate the method of fragment-based drug design with PDZ domains proteins by deconstruction of a known inhibitor of the interaction in several fragments which were screened by NMR HSQC 1H-15N. Systematic evaluation by NMR of each pair of fragments, followed by molecular modeling study was then used to highlight three new molecules that were synthesized, and evaluated by NMR HSQC 1H-15N. The third strategy was a peptidomimetic approach from the C-terminal of 5-HT2A receptors, which led to the synthesis of a peptoid able to interact with the PDZ domain protein. These studies allow us to consider the development of new analgesics either from organic synthesis or from peptide mimetics.
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Mutational Analysis and Redesign of Alpha-class Glutathione Transferases for Enhanced Azathioprine ActivityModén, Olof January 2013 (has links)
Glutathione transferase (GST) A2-2 is the human enzyme most efficient in catalyzing azathioprine activation. Structure-function relationships were sought explaining the higher catalytic efficiency compared to other alpha class GSTs. By screening a DNA shuffling library, five recombined segments were identified that were conserved among the most active mutants. Mutational analysis confirmed the importance of these short segments as their insertion into low-active GSTs introduced higher azathioprine activity. Besides, H-site mutagenesis led to decreased azathioprine activity when the targeted positions belonged to these conserved segments and mainly enhanced activity when other positions were targeted. Hydrophobic residues were preferred in positions 208 and 213. The prodrug azathioprine is today primarily used for maintaining remission in inflammatory bowel disease. Therapy leads to adverse effects for 30 % of the patients and genotyping of the metabolic genes involved can explain some of these incidences. Five genotypes of human A2-2 were characterized and variant A2*E had 3–4-fold higher catalytic efficiency with azathioprine, due to a proline mutated close to the H-site. Faster activation might lead to different metabolite distributions and possibly more adverse effects. Genotyping of GSTs is recommended for further studies. Molecular docking of azathioprine into a modeled structure of A2*E suggested three positions for mutagenesis. The most active mutants had small or polar residues in the mutated positions. Mutant L107G/L108D/F222H displayed a 70-fold improved catalytic efficiency with azathioprine. Determination of its structure by X-ray crystallography showed a widened H-site, suggesting that the transition state could be accommodated in a mode better suited for catalysis. The mutational analysis increased our understanding of the azathioprine activation in alpha class GSTs and highlighted A2*E as one factor possibly behind the adverse drug-effects. A successfully redesigned GST, with 200-fold enhanced catalytic efficiency towards azathioprine compared to the starting point A2*C, might find use in targeted enzyme-prodrug therapies.
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The modulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil function by cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 -- expressing uropathogenic Escherichia coli /Davis, Jon Michael. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).
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Identification de nouveaux inhibiteurs de l’agrégation de la protéine Tau / Identification of novels inhibitors of phosphorylated protein TAU aggregationLe Meur, Mikaël 19 March 2014 (has links)
Parmi la vingtaine de pathologies neurodégénératives recensées à ce jour, il a été retrouvé des caractéristiques communes telles que des lésions neuronales. Dans le cas de la Maladie d’Alzheimer, une dégénérescence neurofibrillaire a notamment été mise en évidence, ce qui se traduit par l’agrégation de protéines Tau anormalement modifiées. Bien que les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués demeurent encore mal compris, nous nous sommes intéressés, au cours de cette thèse, à la synthèse puis à l’évaluation biologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de l’agrégation de la protéine TAU impliquée dans la Maladie d’Alzheimer. Les deux premières parties de ce travail sont basées sur la conception de dérivés imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoliques, sur lesquels sont greffés un ou plusieurs groupements (hétéro)aryles. La troisième partie est, quant à elle, consacrée à la formation d’entités thiazolo[3,2-b]triazoliques di- ou trisubstituées. Le choix de ces bicycles fusionnés à cinq chainons [5,5] découle de leurs propriétés biologiques dans des domaines très variés. L’obtention de ces composés a notamment été l’occasion de mettre en oeuvre de nouvelles méthodologies de synthèses. Ainsi, sur le motif imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolique, ont été développées des réactions de couplages de Suzuki-Miyaura, des réactions multicomposants, ainsi qu’une séquence réactionnelle de condensation d’électrophiles. Sur le bicycle thiazolo[3,2-b]triazole, un travail de CH activation a également été mise au point. Une collection de deux cents moléculesoriginales a ainsi pu être constituée, et plus de la moitié des nouveaux produits ont été évalués in vitro. Unetechnique de fluorescence permettant de déterminer l’inhibition de l’agrégation des protéines TAU a été miseau point, utilisant notamment la protéine K18 comme modèle tronqué de protéine TAU. / TAU pathology is a brain lesion common to more than twenty neurodegeneratives diseases. It consists of the abnormal aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein TAU into neurofibrillary tangles. While mechanisms underlying TAU aggregation are not fully understood yet, we have been investigated the synthesis and the biological evaluations of novel class of TAU aggregation inhibitors involved in Alzheimer’s disease. The first two parts of this work reports the synthesis of various imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles molecules, on which are substituted (het)aryles groups. The third and last part is devoted to the formation of some di-/trisubstituted novel N-fused ring system such as thiazolo[3,2-b]triazoles. In order to provide a functional diversity and generate a therapeutic effect, the peaks C-2, C-3, C-5 and C-6 were functionalized on the imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole ring. It was also the opportunity to develop news synthetic methodologies such as a new Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, a multicomponent reaction, and an electrophilic condensation. On the thiazolotriazole core, an effective procedure of CH activation was performed. More than two hundred original molecules were synthesized, and more than half were evaluated in vitro. A fluorescence technique allowed us to determine the inhibition of TAU aggregation, using the particular K18 protein as a truncated model of normal TAU protein.
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Utilisation d'une approche de chimie biologie intégrative dans la recherche de nouvelles molécules actives sur la prolifération et la différenciation des cellules souches cancéreuses / A chemical biology approach for the discovery of molecules acting on tumour initiating cells isolated from glioblastomasFeve, Marie 29 June 2012 (has links)
Depuis l’émergence du concept de cellules souches cancéreuses (CSC), de telles cellules ont été isolées à partir de diverses tumeurs solides, dont les glioblastomes. Les CSC et les propriétés qui les caractérisent permettent de mieux comprendre l’hétérogénéité tumorale, ainsi que l’agressivité de certaines tumeurs et les récidives après traitement. Avec la mise en évidence des CSC, un nouveau paradigme est apparu dans le domaine de la thérapie anticancéreuse visant à cibler non seulement les cellules de la masse tumorale, mais également les CSC, plus résistantes aux chimio- et radiothérapies, mais aussi capables d’entrer en quiescence et de reformer la tumeur d’origine. L’isolement de CSC à partir des tumeurs, leur physiopathologie et la recherche de molécules capables de les détruire ou de les différencier afin de les rendre plus sensibles aux traitements mobilisent un nombre croissant d’équipes de recherche et certaines industries pharmaceutiques. Cette thèse présente un travail sur des CSC isolées de glioblastomes humains et s’inscrit dans la démarche énoncée ci-dessus. / Since the emergence of the concept of cancer stem cells (CSC), such cells were isolated from various solid tumors including glioblastomas. The CSC and the properties that characterize them allow a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity and aggressiveness of certain tumors and recurrences after treatment. With the highlighting of CSC, a new paradigm has emerged in the field of cancer therapy. New strategies aim at targeting not only the cells of the tumor mass, but also the CSC, more resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy, but also capable of enter into a quiescent state and to reform the original tumor. The isolation of CSC from solid tumors, their pathogenesis and the search for molecules capable of triggering their death or differentiate them to make them more sensitive to treatment, mobilize a growing number of research teams and some pharmaceutical industries.This thesis presents a work on CSC isolated from human glioblastomas and is framed inside the approach set out above.
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Contribution à l'étude chimique et pharmacochimique de dérivés mono- bi- et tricycliques de pyridazines / Contribution to the chemical and pharmacological study of mono- bi- and tricyclic pyridazine derivativesBlaise, Emilie 26 September 2014 (has links)
La protéine kinase DYRK1A fait partie du groupe des CMGC kinases et est impliquée dans divers processus neurodégénératifs tels que la maladie d’Alzheimer.Dans ce cadre, une étude topologique a été menée autour d’un hit imidazo[1,2-B]pyridazine identifié par un criblage biologique. Ce composé a servi à concevoir des inhibiteurs ATP-Compétitifs de DYRK1A par l’utilisation de méthodes métallo-Catalysées (Pd, Cu) pour introduire divers fragments fonctionnalisés.Sur les soixante dérivés imidazo[1,2-X]azine synthétisés, sept composés ont montré une affinité nanomolaire pour DYRK1A (IC50 = 41-130 nM). En parallèle de ce travail de pharmacochimie, le développement de nouvelles méthodologies de synthèse a visé à la polysubstitution régiosélective du cycle pyridazine.En dernier lieu, nous avons donné les éléments et concepts permettant la construction de chimiothèques virtuelles dérivées de pyridazines et destinées à être criblées in silico. / DYRK1A protein kinase belongs to the CMGC group and is involved in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.In this context we examined an imidazo[1,2-B]pyridazine hit identified by biological screening, through detailed structure-Activity relationship studies. This compound was used to synthesize DYRK1A ATP-Competitive inhibitors by using metallo-Catalyzed methodologies (Pd, Cu) in order to introduce various functionalized moieties.Out of the 60 derivatives synthesized, 7 compounds showed nanomolar activities (IC50 = 41-130 nM).Beside this work of medicinal chemistry, new synthetic methodologies has been developed to regioselectively access polysubstituted pyridazine derivatives. Finally, we developed data and concepts to establish virtual pyridazine libraries for in silico screening.
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