This paper is a case study on Bradley E. Manning, famous for leaking classified intelligence to media, or in the charge sheet’s words: “knowingly give intelligence to the enemy, through indirect means.” My opinion is that this sort of dilemma is a question of values, how you view the world and, most important of all, human rights and the philosophy of rights. Therefore I decided to sort out the arguments regarding the issue of freedom of speech versus the state’s need for protection. To do this I performed a pro et contra analysis from John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty and Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan, this building my theory on which I lean my other work upon. Furthermore, I performed a case study on Manning where I compared the charges and the defense with the arguments of Mill and Hobbes. Ergo: I applied my theory on an existing conflict between freedom of speech and the state’s need for protection to see which arguments that are used in the charge against Manning and if one could derive this from the argumentation analysis consistent of Mill and Hobbes.   Words: 11474

As one of the most well-known figures of the nineteenth century, John Stuart Mill was depicted extensively in journalism, pictures, life-writing and fiction. This thesis draws on a selection from these diverse and underexplored sources to offer a new perspective on Mill’s presence in Victorian cultural and emotional life. It shows how Mill figured in fierce debates about science and culture in the mid- to late-nineteenth century, and how ideas of Mill’s ‘femininity’ were used to both attack and commend him philosophically, politically and personally. Mill’s ‘Saint of Rationalism’ label continues to belie the extent to which he was associated with ideas of passion, sensitivity, tenderness, feeling, and emotion in the nineteenth century. This project explores how such terms were invoked in relation to Mill as a philosopher and politician, but also how they related to readers’ encounters with his works. More than any previous study, this thesis pays close attention to the interaction between verbal and visual depictions, and considers official images and caricatures of Mill alongside written accounts. Though much scholarship emphasises that Mill’s reputation went into decline after his death in 1873 (to be recovered in the late twentieth century), this thesis demonstrates the vitality and diversity of literary engagements with Mill in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. It offers case studies of three authors – Thomas Hardy, Mona Caird and Olive Schreiner – and reads both the form and content of their fiction as involved in recognisably Millian experiments in living. Exploring the Millian concepts that figure in novels by Hardy, Caird and Schreiner not only expands the sense of the philosophical context to their writings, but underscores the continued relevance of Mill to discussions of self-development and education, free discussion and intellectual independence. Finally, this thesis suggests ways in which work on representations of Mill could be developed to gain further insight into the cultural history of the philosopher, into interactions between philosophy and literature, and into the nineteenth-century definitions of liberal culture that inform twenty-first century debates.

Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades / Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Filosofía mención Axiología y Filosofía Política / El presente trabajo, representa un estudio sobre la idea de opinión pública en la propuesta política de Mill bajo una mirada que gira en torno a sus alcances y aplicaciones en el sistema político liberal asociado al capitalismo. El objetivo central de esta propuesta, está fijado en la revisión del rol que el filósofo le da a la prensa, proponiéndola como instrumento político que permite la expresión del colectivo de opiniones. El carácter instrumental que toma la prensa viene a determinar que, a través de ésta, tenemos noticia de sucesos relevantes a la hora de tomar decisiones políticas en la actividad ciudadana por lo que, se transforma en la herramienta de sostenimiento del debate político. Sin embargo, quienes manejen los medios de comunicación de masa, manejan la distribución de una u otra opinión; por lo tanto, manejan la posibilidad del asumir una u otra preferencia ya sea potenciando una idea u omitiendo otra. Simultáneamente, se produce el detrimento de la división entre la esfera pública y la esfera privada generando una frontera nebulosa donde lo público es manejado desde lo privado con la creciente evaporación de espacios de deliberación y de acción intercomunicativa reemplazados por un espacio virtual. De esta manera, se verá como los medios de comunicación de masa se transforman en el lugar donde se aloja el poder y que incluso, podrían reconocerse como un mecanismo de control o aparato ideológico y, además, vienen a constituir el elemento de pérdida de la actividad de la polis.

The purpose of this essay is to analyze and determine if the National Security Law implemented in Hong Kong is in contradiction or in accordances with John Stuart Mill’s four grounds of free speech. What contradictions or accordances can be found between the law and the four grounds of free speech? The theoretical background for this essay consists of information about the relation between Hong Kong and China, the law and its contents, definition of the four grounds of free speech and the protection of free speech in other forms. A qualitative content analysis was done with the use of a systemic analysis to achieve the purpose. The findings where categorized according to the four grounds of free speech. The essay concludes that all the four grounds are contested. This is due to the law granting the government of Hong Kong and its various bodies additional power to control and supervise what is spoken and written. One instance of accordance was found between the law and the four grounds. Furthermore, the right to freedom of speech will diminish on various levels across the region of Hong Kong and the criminalization of an opinion has effectively been instated by the law.

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The ways in which advertisements can affect social and brand-related aspects is an area of interest for both companies and society at large. The aim of this study is to examine and identify differences in the production and interpretation of advertisements on Instagram, targeted towards men versus women. There are two research questions: (1) How can the production of Gillette and Gillette Venus’ advertisements on Instagram targeted towards men and women differ? (2) How can the interpretation of Gillette and Gillette Venus’ advertisements on Instagram targeted towards men and women differ, based on the gender of the interpreter?  The study includes a gender perspective and Goffman’s theory on gender and advertisements has been applied. To answer the second research question, Hall’s encoding/decoding theory has been applied.  The study consists of two research methods, a semiotic photo analysis and semi-structured interviews. The photo analysis was used for RQ1 and consisted of six photos, three from Gillette’s Instagram account and three photos from Gillette Venus’s account. The semi-structured interviews helped answer RQ2. A total of ten interviews were carried out, with an even distribution of male and female interviewees. A comparative analysis was used for both research methods to enable comparison between the two genders.  The results showed that there are three main differences in the production of Gillette and Gillette Venus’ advertisements on Instagram. As for RQ2, it was concluded that the gender of the interpreter affected how the advertisements’ overall message was interpreted.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Identity is a concept that has received a multiplicity of very diverse approaches and references throughout the history of ideas. Cultural studies have approached with special interest the discussion around the contemporary meanings of this term. This study proposes the concept of gastronomic identity and examines its definition based on Stuart Hall's research on discursive identity. The explanatory capacities of this concept will become evident when it is applied to the case of Peruvian gastronomy through the analysis of texts located at the beginning of the so-called Peruvian gastronomic boom between 1980 and 1995. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

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Throughout the centuries artists have used art to express their identity. Art can be used as a tool to question stereotypes and conventions that shape our societies. Black artists emerging from the Civil Rights movements in America questioned social injustices and prejudiced violence that was targeted towards black people. Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-1988) was an artist who went against the status quo of a predominantly white art world in America during the 1980s. Basquiat’s art presents a fragmented vision of a colonized” self” in search of reassurance for being a black man and artist during a time when black peoples right where less than equal.Considering recent historic events that has reshaped the conditions and rights that black people and other ethnic minorities hold in American society, it is only suitable to re-read Basquiat’s art all over again through a post-colonial perspective. This is done in order to seek answers to how colonialism and other forms of institutionalized racism has shaped the world. Whose results could prove beneficial for current discourses regarding society’s ethical and racial ethical dilemmas.

This study focuses on an analysis of three text books in English, Prime Time, Second Time, and Third Time, written for Swedish pupils between grade seven and nine. The main focus of the study is to investigate to what extent the books may be considered to follow the steering principles of the Swedish education system. The theoretical backbone of the essay is centred on the construction and maintenance of stereotypes, and is written from a social constructivist point of view. In this context, I also reason around power relations and norms in the Western society – arguments which I, in the main analysis, apply to the books in question. Scrutinising the books from a social constructivist perspective, I reach the conclusion that the books are written with a Western bias, and also from a heteronormative angle. The essay finishes with a concluding remark of the most central parts from the theoretical section and the analysis respectively.