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Medical interpreter education is a fast-growing field in which learners sometimes receive inadequate feedback to help them improve their interpreting skills (Sultanić, 2021). This qualitative study focused on students’ perspectives on the different types of feedback given in a university Spanish medical interpreting course. Interviews and written reflections were analyzed to investigate what students personally considered to be the outcomes of the class and how feedback given in the course was associated with their development of interpreting skills and self-efficacy. Students reported that they found the most meaningful improvement through (1) guided self-assessment to discover gaps in their abilities, (2) collaboratively constructed knowledge through group discussions, (3) authentic practice sessions and access to an instructor who worked in the field, and (4) testing their skills in real-world encounters.

This study sought to improve the learning outcomes at the Missionary Training Center in Provo, Utah. Here, missionary trainees aged 19-24 are taught language and doctrine in an accelerated environment. In an effort to improve learning outcomes, the effect of formative feedback provided to students and summary feedback provided to teachers was assessed in a 2x2 factorial design with a separate control group. Four dependent variables were assessed including (a) doctrinal knowledge, (b) knowledge of teaching principles, (c) language grammar, and (d) ability to speak in a foreign language. The results showed that students who received immediate formative feedback outperformed students who did not receive such feedback. However, providing summary feedback to teachers did not lead to an increase in achievement. The interaction effect was not statistically significant. The results indicated that students who completed formative assessments significantly outperformed students who did not complete such assessments.

This study sought to improve the language learning outcomes at the Missionary Training Center in Provo, Utah. Young men and women between the ages of 19-24 are taught a foreign language in an accelerated environment. In an effort to improve learning outcomes, computer-based practice and teaching of language performance criteria were provided to missionaries in an effort to allow them to progress at their own pace outside of the classroom. The effect of computer-based practice and the teaching of language performance criteria were assessed in a 2x2 factorial design. The dependent variable was speaking proficiency in the Spanish language. This variable was assessed in two different ways: (a) human-rated speaking proficiency and (b) computer-scored speaking proficiency. Results suggest that the teaching of language performance criteria increases speaking proficiency over those who are not taught the criteria. Missionary trainee responses also indicate that the training of criteria helped the trainees to evaluate their own performance and the performance of other language speakers. Missionary trainees also reported that this training helped them to see their own progress and to set appropriate learning goals.

Out-of-school time (OST) programs are under increasing pressure to improve student achievement. However, OST program administrators face a number of challenges to improving program effectiveness including inconsistent student participation, inexperienced staff members, and a lack of high-quality professional development. OST program administrators can address these challenges by implementing staff development practices that encourage the use of effective instructional strategies. Specific praise is a simple and effective instructional strategy that has been linked to improved student engagement, enhanced academic achievement, and stronger student-teacher relationships. Unfortunately, there have been very few studies examining the effects of interventions designed to increase OST staff members’ use of specific praise. One staff development strategy that could be both feasible and effective is the use of self-management. Although there are a variety of approaches to self-management designed for teachers, not all self-management strategies are effective. One strategy that might increase the feasibility and effectiveness of self-management programs is the use of student feedback. The process of comparing self-evaluations against a third-party standard such as student feedback is called matching in the self-management literature. Students can be a useful source of feedback because they observe their teachers frequently and can report the use of instructional strategies like specific praise. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a self-management procedure using student feedback on OST staff members’ use of specific praise. A multiple-baseline design across participants was used to examine the effects of the intervention on specific praise rates. All participants increased their use of specific praise after implementing the self-management procedures. General praise rates became more variable throughout the study. These findings provide evidence for a functional effect on specific praise but not for general praise. Teachers reported high levels of satisfaction with the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention. A statistically significant correlation was found between specific praise rates and student reports of specific praise.

A CPD model for the University of Technology lecturers is designed in this study. The focus of the CPD model is on teaching as a predominant feature of the Lecturers‟ functions. Literature review on the nature, historic developments and the mandate of former Technikons in South Africa is conducted. A comparative analysis of University of Technology education systems in five other countries is conducted. Research was then conducted to establish the status of Lecturers‟ CPD in former Technikons. Data obtained from literature and the research project was used to design a CPD model for University of Technology Lecturers. Interviews were subsequently conducted with CPD practitioners in Universities of Technology to obtain opinions on the model. A survey was conducted to obtain Lecturers‟ opinions on the aspects of the model. Data obtained was then used to modify the model. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

A CPD model for the University of Technology lecturers is designed in this study. The focus of the CPD model is on teaching as a predominant feature of the Lecturers‟ functions. Literature review on the nature, historic developments and the mandate of former Technikons in South Africa is conducted. A comparative analysis of University of Technology education systems in five other countries is conducted. Research was then conducted to establish the status of Lecturers‟ CPD in former Technikons. Data obtained from literature and the research project was used to design a CPD model for University of Technology Lecturers. Interviews were subsequently conducted with CPD practitioners in Universities of Technology to obtain opinions on the model. A survey was conducted to obtain Lecturers‟ opinions on the aspects of the model. Data obtained was then used to modify the model. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

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[ES] La enseñanza de la arquitectura ha sido llamada a convertirse en Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible (EDS) con el objetivo de empoderar a los futuros profesionales para tomar decisiones conscientes y actuar responsablemente en favor de la sostenibilidad. Para ello, es fundamental comprender qué se está haciendo y qué se puede mejorar en su transformación hacia este tipo de educación. Sin embargo, existen carencias en su conocimiento. Como respuesta a esta situación, y para facilitar la integración de la EDS en la formación de los futuros arquitectos, esta tesis tiene por objetivo principal (OP) conocer la percepción de los alumnos en torno al estado actual del programa académico de grado más máster habilitante de España en relación con la EDS. Para ello, se han establecido cuatro objetivos específicos: (OE1) determinar el grado en el que consideran haber adquirido los resultados de aprendizaje necesarios para lograr un desarrollo sostenible, (OE2) establecer el nivel en el que piensan que su experiencia de aprendizaje en grado ha integrado la EDS, (OE3) estimar el nivel en el que creen que esta experiencia de aprendizaje ha contribuido a que adquiriesen los resultados de aprendizaje evaluados, y (OE4) analizar la relación existente entre el grado de adquisición que atribuyen a estos resultados de aprendizaje y el nivel de integración de la EDS que asignan a su experiencia de aprendizaje en grado. Para lograr los objetivos OE1, OE2 y OE3, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal mediante encuestas dirigidas al alumnado del Máster Universitario en Arquitectura. Su distribución ha permitido conocer la percepción de 282 estudiantes de 19 de las 22 escuelas que ofrecían estos estudios durante el curso 2020/2021. Además, para lograr el objetivo específico OE4, se ha desarrollado un análisis correlacional y de regresión de estas respuestas. Desde un punto de vista descriptivo, el estado actual que los alumnos de máster atribuyen al programa académico respecto a la EDS ha sido definido como "moderado" o "muy moderado" (OP): consideran tener un grado de adquisición "moderado" de los resultados de aprendizaje analizados (OE1); piensan que su experiencia de aprendizaje en grado ha presentado un nivel de integración "muy moderado" de la EDS (OE2); y creen que esta experiencia de aprendizaje ha ofrecido un nivel de contribución "moderado" a la adquisición de los resultados de aprendizaje evaluados (OE3). Desde una perspectiva correlacional, se ha determinado la existencia de una asociación significativa de magnitud media y directamente proporcional entre el grado de adquisición que los alumnos atribuyen a estos resultados de aprendizaje y el nivel de integración de la EDS que asignan al grado (OE4). Además, desde un punto de vista causal, los niveles de integración de la EDS que atribuyen a los métodos y a los contenidos de la enseñanza formal se han identificado como predictores significativos del grado de adquisición que asignan a los resultados de aprendizaje. Con todo ello, se ha contribuido a completar el conocimiento existente en torno al estado actual del programa de grado más máster habilitante de España desde la perspectiva de la EDS. También, respecto a la relación existente entre el nivel de integración de la EDS y el grado de adquisición de los resultados de aprendizaje evaluados. En particular, esta tesis doctoral ha facilitado información valiosa con la que justificar y guiar la transformación de este programa hacia una EDS. En consecuencia, si se quiere promover la capacitación de los futuros arquitectos habilitados en España para contribuir a la transformación de la sociedad hacia un futuro más sostenible, se debe impulsar su transformación. Para lograrlo, será importante promover la toma de decisiones fundamentadas en los hallazgos de esta tesis, en sus antecedentes y en los resultados complementarios de otras aproximaciones al estado de la cuestión. / [CA] L'ensenyança de l'arquitectura ha estat cridada a convertir-se en Educació per al Desenvolupament Sostenible (EDS) amb l'objectiu d'empoderar als futurs professionals per a prendre decisions conscients i actuar responsablement en favor de la sostenibilitat. Per a això, és fonamental comprendre què s'està fent i què es pot millorar en la seua transformació cap a aquest tipus d'educació. No obstant això, existeixen carències en el seu coneixement. Com a resposta a aquesta situació, i per a facilitar la integració de l'EDS en la formació dels futurs arquitectes, aquesta tesi té per objectiu principal (OP) conéixer la percepció dels alumnes al voltant de l'estat actual del programa acadèmic de grau més màster habilitant d'Espanya en relació amb l'EDS. Per a això, s'han establert quatre objectius específics: (OE1) determinar el grau en el qual consideren haver adquirit els resultats d'aprenentatge necessaris per a aconseguir un desenvolupament sostenible, (OE2) establir el nivell en el qual pensen que la seua experiència d'aprenentatge en grau ha integrat l'EDS, (OE3) estimar el nivell en el qual creuen que aquesta experiència d'aprenentatge ha contribuït al fet que adquiriren els resultats d'aprenentatge avaluats, i (OE4) analitzar la relació existent entre el grau d'adquisició que atribueixen a aquests resultats d'aprenentatge i el nivell d'integració de l'EDS que assignen a la seua experiència d'aprenentatge en grau. Per a aconseguir els objectius OE1, OE2 i OE3, s'ha dut a terme un estudi descriptiu, quantitatiu, no experimental i transversal mitjançant enquestes dirigides a l'alumnat del Màster Universitari en Arquitectura. La seua distribució ha permés conéixer la percepció de 282 estudiants de 19 de les 22 escoles que oferien aquests estudis durant el curs 2020/2021. A més, per a aconseguir l'objectiu específic OE4, s'ha desenvolupat una anàlisi correlacional i de regressió d'aquestes respostes. Des d'un punt de vista descriptiu, l'estat actual que els alumnes de màster atribueixen al programa acadèmic respecte a l'EDS ha estat definit com a "moderat" o "molt moderat" (OP): consideren tindre un grau d'adquisició "moderat" dels resultats d'aprenentatge analitzats (OE1); pensen que la seua experiència d'aprenentatge en grau ha presentat un nivell d'integració "molt moderat" de l'EDS (OE2); i creuen que aquesta experiència d'aprenentatge ha oferit un nivell de contribució "moderat" a l'adquisició dels resultats d'aprenentatge avaluats (OE3). Des d'una perspectiva correlacional, s'ha determinat l'existència d'una associació significativa de magnitud mitjana i directament proporcional entre el grau d'adquisició que els alumnes atribueixen a aquests resultats d'aprenentatge i el nivell d'integració de l'EDS que assignen al grau (OE4). A més, des d'un punt de vista causal, els nivells d'integració de l'EDS que atribueixen als mètodes i als continguts de l'ensenyament formal s'han identificat com a predictors significatius del grau d'adquisició que assignen als resultats d'aprenentatge. Amb tot això, s'ha contribuït a completar el coneixement existent al voltant de l'estat actual del programa de grau més màster habilitant d'Espanya des de la perspectiva de l'EDS. També, respecte a la relació existent entre el nivell d'integració de l'EDS i el grau d'adquisició dels resultats d'aprenentatge avaluats. En particular, aquesta tesi doctoral ha facilitat informació valuosa amb la qual justificar i guiar la transformació d'aquest programa cap a una EDS. En conseqüència, si es vol promoure la capacitació dels futurs arquitectes habilitats a Espanya per a contribuir a la transformació de la societat cap a un futur més sostenible, s'ha d'impulsar la seua transformació. Per a aconseguir-ho, serà important promoure la presa de decisions fonamentades en les troballes d'aquesta tesi, en els seus antecedents i en els resultats complementaris d'altres aproximacions a l'estat de la qüestió. / [EN] Architectural education has been called to become Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) to empower future professionals to make conscious decisions and act responsibly in favour of sustainability. For this, it is essential to understand what is being done and what can be improved in its transformation towards this type of education. However, there are gaps in its knowledge. As a response to this situation, and to facilitate the integration of ESD in the training of future architects, the main objective of this doctoral thesis is (MO) to know the students' perception regarding the current state of the Spanish qualifying academic program constituted by a bachelor's and a master's degree concerning ESD. For this, four specific objectives have been established: (SO1) to determine the degree to which they consider that they have acquired the learning outcomes required to achieve sustainable development, (SO2) to establish the level at which they think that their bachelor's learning experience has integrated ESD, (SO3) to estimate the level at which they believe that this learning experience has contributed to acquiring the evaluated learning outcomes, and (SO4) to analyse the relationship between the degree of acquisition that they attribute to these learning outcomes and the level of integration of ESD that they assign to their bachelor's learning experience. To achieve objectives SO1, SO2 and SO3, a descriptive, quantitative, non-experimental and cross-sectional study has been carried out through surveys addressed to students from the Spanish Master's Degree in Architecture (Máster Universitario en Arquitectura). Its distribution has allowed knowing the perception of 282 students from 19 of the 22 schools that offered these studies during the academic year 2020/2021. In addition, to achieve the specific objective SO4, a correlational and a regression analysis of these responses have been developed. From a descriptive point of view, the current state that master's students attribute to the academic program regarding ESD has been defined as "moderate" or "very moderate" (MO): they consider themselves to have a "moderate" degree of acquisition of the analysed learning outcomes (SO1); they think that their bachelor's learning experience has presented a "very moderate" level of integration of ESD (SO2); and they believe that this learning experience has provided a "moderate" level of contribution to acquiring the evaluated learning outcomes (SO3). From a correlational perspective, the existence of a significant association of medium magnitude and directly proportional has been defined between the degree of acquisition that students attribute to these learning outcomes and the level of ESD integration that they assign to the bachelor's degree (SO4). In addition, from a causal point of view, the levels of integration of ESD that they attribute to the methods and the contents of formal education have been identified as significant predictors of the degree of acquisition that they assign to the learning outcomes. With all this, a significant contribution has been made to completing the existing knowledge regarding the current state of the Spanish qualifying program constituted by a bachelor's and a master's degree from the perspective of ESD. Also, concerning the relationship between the level of integration of ESD and the degree of acquisition of the evaluated learning outcomes. In particular, this doctoral thesis has provided valuable information to justify and guide the transformation of this program towards an ESD. Consequently, if the training of future architects qualified in Spain is to be promoted so that they can contribute to the transformation of society towards a more sustainable future, its transformation must be fostered. To achieve this, it will be important to promote decision-making based on the findings of this thesis, on its precedents, and on the complementary results of other approaches to the state of the art. / Martínez Ventura, J. (2023). Enseñanza de la arquitectura y educación para el desarrollo sostenible en España. Experiencia académica en grado y resultados de aprendizaje del alumnado del Máster Universitario en Arquitectura [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/192546

This study was conceptualised within a social-constructivist ontological orientation and, further, uses an interpretive epistemological lens to extract information from the participants who are coming from different life worlds. This thesis, Effective assessment in open distance and e-learning: using the Signature Courses at the University of South Africa as a model for future practice, investigated how emerging information communication technologies (ICTs) can be used to transform, enhance and influence student assessment practices in Open Distance and e-Learning (ODeL) contexts. The ultimate objective of the study was to establish assessment guidelines for effective student assessment in distance education using technology as an enabler. To achieve the objectives of this study, a mixed methods research methodology was adopted in which Unisa lecturers’ and first-year students’ experiences, perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs regarding the use of ICT as a tool to enhance and influence student assessment were sought. Despite some limitations, the study was able to reveal that technology has the potential to influence student-lecturer, and student-peer interaction thereby bridging the isolation gap that normally exists between them. Further, these potential benefits also include the identification of teaching strengths and weaknesses, the indication of areas where instructional change or modification is needed, and the application of more effective means of interacting with students. A key function of this study, therefore, is to help the lecturers involved in higher learning assessment to use technology effectively and efficiently to enhance assessment practices as a means of maintaining both the academic standards and enhancing the quality of the student learning experience. In addition, the study has shown that technology has the potential to enhance and influence student learning and motivation. Furthermore, this study made theoretical and practical contributions to the literature on information communication technology implementation on lecturers’ and students’ pedagogical and technological readiness to online learning and assessment in open distance and e-learning. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)