Coming Through, a novel based on factual events, explores elements of the alternative sub-culture in Australia in the period between 1959 and 1980. Dual protagonists, Anna Martin and Jack Rose, personify aspects of the movement that would later be known as 'psychedelic romanticism.' The narrative follows Jack Rose's disenchantment with the prevailing social system and his efforts to achieve personal integration and his conflict with societal pressures to conform. Likewise, in a parallel narrative, it describes the events that surround Anna Martin's early institutionalisation and her attempt to achieve personal authenticity. When the protagonists finally encounter one another they find that a common and binding philosophy has drawn them together. The thesis looks at the prevailing social notions of'normality' at the time and the problems associated with alienation and the struggle to found alternative life styles in a society they deem to be repressive.

Abstract New Zealand has had a visible recreational motorcycle culture since the 1920s, although the forerunners of the later 'outlaw' motorcycle clubs really only started to emerge as loose-knit biker cliques in the 1950s. The first recognised New Zealand 'outlaw club', the Auckland chapter of the Californian Hell's Angels M.C., was established on July 1961 (Veno 2003: 31). This was the Angels' first international chapter, and only their fifth chapter overall at that time. Further outlaw clubs emerged throughout both the North and the South Island of New Zealand from the early 1960s, and were firmly established in both islands by the end of 1975. Outlaw clubs continue to flourish to this day. The basic question that motivated this thesis was how (the extent to which) international film, literature, media reports and photographic images (circa 1950 - 1975) have influenced the generic identity adopted by 'outlaw' motorcycle clubs in New Zealand, with particular reference to the South Island clubs. The focus of the research was on how a number of South Island New Zealand outlaw bikers interpreted international mass media representations of 'outlaw' biker culture between 1950 - 1975. This time span was carefully chosen after considerable research, consultation and reflection. It encompasses a period when New Zealand experienced rapid development of a global mass media, where cultural images were routinely communicated internationally in (relatively) real time. Drawing on the work of Okely and Cohen, I argue that 'outlaw' motorcycle clubs, like many other subcultures, construct their communities symbolically, and that some of the rituals and symbolism seen in New Zealand outlaw biker clubs today are substantially similar to those observed in 'outlaw' clubs in other parts of the world (Thompson 1966, Okely 1983, Cohen 1985, Veno 2003). My fieldwork clearly established that representations of outlaw motorcycle clubs were being actively consumed by South Island bikers via the international mass media from the early - mid 1960s. However, my research also revealed that, whilst the globalisation of the mass media was integral to the evolution of the generic New Zealand 'outlaw' biker social identity, it was not their only influence. South Island outlaw bikers, like any other consumer of mass media, accepted and at times appropriated some of the international and regional representations of their subculture, whilst clearly rejecting others. I also established that like any other international subculture, there were regional differences that were often determined by factors contingent to the locality, and that the South Island outlaw clubs from that period that still exist today were also influenced by conflict with significant others, including the police, during their formative stages. This supports Lavigne's and Veno's contention that warfare is good for clubs during their formative stage, as violent conflict weeds out the weak, whilst bonding surviving members to their clubs and their club brothers (Lavigne 1987: 301, Veno 2003: 263). Key words: community; sub-cultures; media; identity; gangs; outlaw motorcycle clubs David Haslett School of Sociology and Anthropology University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand

Aim To understand why organizational barriers exist during the development of information management systems or enterprise applications. . This study investigates if organizational barriers actually occur and if so, how we can understand these phenomena. Method Deductive research and exploratory research. Secondary research is evaluated how it is applicable in practice. Qualitative research was applied across multiple subsidiaries. Standardized interviews were conducted among 30 interviewees. As it is exploratory research, this is sufficient to present certain patterns and indications. To support this method, Criterion-based sampling has been applied to ensure appropriate units for this study. Results & conclusion In a competitive environment, subcultural groups tend to be formed to protect similar interests. Rewards were based on power and achievements. By forcing accomplishment of the implementation of the information management system, groups would be rewarded. Others would be negatively affected. Therefore individuals and groups would act on behave of their own even if they would harm co-workers with their actions. Especially, groups without decision power were highly affected by these negative effects. Organizational politics controls the organization’s power. Counter-implementation strategies were identified; when groups tried to act on behave of the shareholder and customers to influence the decision-makers. After many delays, they were unable to prevent the integration of a new Information management system.

The need for clear and organizationally effective communications is necessary to maintain sustainability as competition increases. Current research has not addressed problems associated with senior managers' clarity and intent and the misinterpretation by midlevel managers of that intent, causing division managers to misinterpret the company plans. Unresolved miscommunications may lead to destructive subculture development. This mixed methods design focused on how to minimize the confusion that manifests between senior and midlevel management within diverse and decentralized decision support structures. The secondary purpose was to advocate for the identification of divisional misalignment and provide information for a tool to help senior level managers identify possible misalignment. Leader-member exchange theory and decision theory guided the research design associated with the study of middle-level managers (N = 220) whose companies were members of the local Rotary clubs and selected individual businesses in South Carolina. Results were analyzed with correlations, ANOVA, and regression. Results indicated that the independent variables of clarity, information delivery tools, mental frame, and the form of message did not statistically affect the decision-making processes of middle level managers in similar-sized businesses. However, the qualitative results suggested that the senior manager's clarity is related directly to the distinction between FYI and FYA forms of communication. Positive social change may result from the findings. The results could be used to improve decision makers' ability to communicate their organizational strategy to other managers, thus promoting sustained businesses success and employment in a community.

Cette thèse porte sur l'influence de l'acculturation sur le comportement du consommateur en fonction des sous-cultures d'origine, appliquée au cas des immigrés algériens. Notre objectif est de comparer les processus d'acculturation du consommateur en fonction de sa sous-culture d'origine. L'idée est donc de dépasser la seule influence de la culture d'origine (l'Algérie dans cette recherche) sur le processus d'acculturation, pour comparer les influences de deux sous-cultures (la sous-culture oranaise et la sous-culture kabyle). Nous nous basons sur le calcul des distances culturelles pour identifier la proximité culturelle entre la sous-culture d'origine et la culture d'accueil. Nous considérons dans cette recherche le consommateur comme membre d'un groupe ethnique, est nous nous intéressons à l'auto-identification du consommateur à des sous-cultures. Le modèle de recherche traite la question suivante : « l'auto-identification ethnique du consommateur à une sous-culture d'origine influence-t-elle différemment l'acculturation du consommateur selon les sous-cultures? Si oui, l'impact de l'acculturation sur le comportement de consommation sera-t-il également distinct en fonction des sous-cultures ? ». Des variables modératrices sont mobilisées (revenu, durée de résidence, âge d'arrivée dans la culture d'accueil, nostalgie, matérialisme). Pour construire et tester notre modèle de recherche, deux études ont été menées. Premièrement, une étude qualitative a été effectuée dans les sous-cultures d'origine puis dans le pays d'accueil afin d'explorer les situations avant et après changement de culture. Deuxièmement, une étude quantitative a été menée sur les deux fronts également (les deux sous-cultures d'origine et la culture d'accueil) pour tester la fiabilité et validité des échelles de mesure, ainsi que la validation des hypothèses de recherche. / This thesis focuses on the influence of acculturation on consumer behavior based on sub-cultures of origin, applied to the case of Algerian immigrants. Our goal is to compare the acculturation process of the consumer at the sub-culture level. The idea is to go beyond the influence of culture of origin (Algeria in this research) on the process of acculturation, to compare the influences of two subcultures (Oranian and Kabyle). We use the calculation of cultural distance to identify the cultural proximity between the sub-culture of origin and the host culture. We consider in this research the consumer as a member of an ethnic group, and so we focus on self-identification of the consumer to his sub-cultures. The research model addresses the question, «does ethnic self-identification of the consumer to a sub-culture of origin influence the acculturation differently depending on the sub-cultures? If so, will the impact of acculturation on consumer behavior be different according to the sub-cultures? ". Moderating variables are mobilized (income, length of residence, age of arrival in the host culture, nostalgia, materialism). To build and test our research model, two studies were conducted. First, a qualitative study was conducted in the sub-cultures of origin and the host country to explore the situations before and after change of culture. Second, a quantitative study was conducted on the two fronts as well (the two sub-cultures of origin and the host culture) to test the reliability and validity of measurement scales and the validating research hypotheses.

The objective of this study was to determine (1) if there is a difference between Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y employees’ perceptions of organisational culture and if so, (2) to determine if generational sub-cultures are formed within an organisation as a result of these different perceptions. A quantitative research design was chosen, and employees (n = 455) in a large South African information and communication technologies (ICT) sector company, selected through proportionate, random, stratified sampling, completed the South African Culture Instrument (SACI). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data, and the results of this study indicate that generational sub-cultures can be identified in the organisation, based on significantly different perceptions of five of the seven dimensions of organisational culture examined. This study therefore contributes to the body of knowledge on organisational culture and the formation of sub-cultures at a generational level and can be used to enhance organisational talent and management strategies. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

One approach to dealing with complexity in a public policy context is horizontality, the act of working across the various ministries and divisions of a government in order to harness the organization’s capacity and resources and direct them towards the addressing of complex problems. And one prominent mechanism for promoting horizontality is greater organization-wide collaboration, knowledge sharing and active knowledge seeking amongst a network of government knowledge workers commonly referred to as policy analysts. The emergent use of Web 2.0 tools and approaches within organizations has raised the possibility that we have entered a new knowledge era - Enterprise 2.0 - that can address the horizontality problem, facilitate the sharing of knowledge between policy analysts and across organizations, and promote transformative governance. This research investigated how policy formulation processes in the government of the Canadian province of British Columbia are being affected by the adoption of Web 2.0 tools internally within the organization as a way to facilitate knowledge sharing and collaboration amongst government policy analysts. Semi-structured interviews with members of corporate policy units in the Government of British Columbia were conducted (n = 14), and an on-line questionnaire was completed by Government of British Columbia policy analysts (n = 129). These mixed methods form the basis for a triangulation approach to assessing the research questions. Respondents conceptualized policy analysis as rooted in an apolitical synthesis of evidence and best practices from a variety of sources, leading to a recommendation designed to support decision-making. The diversity and reach of the policy analyst’s organizational social network is related to their length of service in the organization and is an important supplement to the analyst’s knowledge base. There was little evidence that technology networks generally, and Web 2.0 tools specifically, play a prominent role in facilitating the knowledge organization; in fact, policy analysts may refrain from sharing knowledge with colleagues using technology networks in order to avoid contributing to their colleagues' information overload. Following the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), attitudes, followed by subjective norms, were the strongest and most consistent predictors of the policy analyst’s intention to collaborate and share knowledge with their colleagues. Perceived behavioural control was not a factor, leading to the possibility that while policy analysts may believe and be told that knowledge sharing and collaboration are advantageous, they may not feel they have the authority, latitude or ability to do so. A significant gender result was consistently revealed, that women were found to be less supportive of knowledge sharing and collaboration than men, a result possibly due to a culture dominated by masculine characteristics. The findings have implications for public sector organizations seeking to provide support for knowledge workers to make effective use of the organizational social network, new collaboration technologies and organizational capacity to address complex public policy problems. Interested readers should consult http://jlphdcand.wordpress.com for updated versions of this research, and related work. / Graduate

The objective of this study was to determine (1) if there is a difference between Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y employees’ perceptions of organisational culture and if so, (2) to determine if generational sub-cultures are formed within an organisation as a result of these different perceptions. A quantitative research design was chosen, and employees (n = 455) in a large South African information and communication technologies (ICT) sector company, selected through proportionate, random, stratified sampling, completed the South African Culture Instrument (SACI). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data, and the results of this study indicate that generational sub-cultures can be identified in the organisation, based on significantly different perceptions of five of the seven dimensions of organisational culture examined. This study therefore contributes to the body of knowledge on organisational culture and the formation of sub-cultures at a generational level and can be used to enhance organisational talent and management strategies. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

D. Admin. (Public Administration)

D. Admin. (Public Administration)