Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:21:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Luciano Sandoval Carneiro.pdf: 579690 bytes, checksum: 7c2af9622df94b48e0c190f4b97fbcff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-27 / Objectives: To compare by digital subtraction radiography (SR), matched to clinical evaluation, bone response to single-tooth treated (TS) and non-treated (NTS) surface implants on immediate (IM) and conventional (CO) loading protocols. Material and methods: 12 patients (8 underwent IM protocol and 4 underwent CO protocol) received 24 implants. Each subject received 2 implants (one with TS and the other NTS) homologously and bilaterally positioned in maxillae (lateral incisor, canine or premolar regions) or mandible (molar area). Standardized radiographies of each implant were taken on the day after implant placement (baseline image) and after 3, 6 and 12 months (follow-up images). SR was used for crestal bone loss (CBL) and peri-implant bone density (PIBD) measurements. The placement torque and resonance frequency (at 0, 6 and 12 months) were also measured for matching radiographic data. Results: T-test revealed no statistically significant difference in CBL between TS and NTS implants, while TS implants presented higher PIBD in the mid-implant region at 3-months recall (p = 0.04). For IM protocol, the Mann-Whitney test revealed higher CBL at 6-months follow-up (p = 0.03), greater PIBD at 12-months recall (p = 0.06; p = 0.07) and increasing PIBD through time. There was a positive correlation between primary stability and PIBD at 12-months recall (r = 0.58; p = 0.005). Conclusions: TS and NTS implants presented similar performances with regard to CBL and PIBD. IM and CO protocols were similarly successful. Primary stability was an important element in reaching greater PIBD after 1-year loading period / Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar através da subtração radiográfica digital (SRD), associada à avaliação clínica, a resposta óssea a implante unitário de superfície tratada (ST) e a implante de superfície não tratada (SNT) utilizando protocolos de carga imediata (CI) e convencional (CON). Material e métodos: 12 pacientes (8 pelo protocolo de CI e 4 pelo protocolo de CON) receberam um total de 24 implantes. Cada indivíduo recebeu dois implantes, um de ST e outro de SNT, em posições homólogas bilaterais na maxila (regiões de incisivos laterais, caninos ou pré-molares) ou na mandíbula (área de molares). Imagens radiográficas padronizadas de cada implante foram obtidas no dia seguinte após procedimento cirúrgico de instalação (imagem de referência) e em 3, 6 e 12 meses seguintes (imagens de controle). As imagens foram submetidas à SRD para avaliação da perda de crista óssea alveolar (PCO) e obtenção da densidade óssea peri-implantar (DOPI). Além das radiografias padronizadas, o torque de inserção e a freqüência de ressonância dos implantes (em 0, 6 e 12 meses) foram medidos com finalidade de correlacioná-los à avaliação radiográfica. Resultados: O teste T revelou ausência de diferença estatisticamente significativa entre implantes de ST e SNT em relação a PCO, enquanto o grupo de ST apresentou maior DOPI apenas na região de terço médio no controle de 3 meses (p = 0,04). Para o grupo submetido ao protocolo de CI, o teste de Mann-Whitney demonstrou maior PCO no controle de 6 meses (p = 0,03), maior DOPI no controle de 12 meses (p = 0,06; p = 0,07) e DOPI crescente ao longo do tempo. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a estabilidade primária e a DOPI no controle de 12 meses (r = 0,58; p = 0,005). Conclusões: Os implantes de ST e SNT apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes quanto a PCO e DOPI. O protocolo de CI exibiu sucesso comparável ao do protocolo de CON. A estabilidade primária dos implantes foi um fator importante para atingir maior DOPI após 1 ano sob a ação de carga

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-02-03T18:48:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Yoná Serpa Mascarenhas - 2014.pdf: 2274347 bytes, checksum: 77b157715fb3e4c58f0ad28e8e15e9b2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-02-03T18:49:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Yoná Serpa Mascarenhas - 2014.pdf: 2274347 bytes, checksum: 77b157715fb3e4c58f0ad28e8e15e9b2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-03T18:49:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Yoná Serpa Mascarenhas - 2014.pdf: 2274347 bytes, checksum: 77b157715fb3e4c58f0ad28e8e15e9b2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of the study was to identify and describe the visual symptoms in seedlings of tomato processing, stemming from lack of macro and micronutrients and determine biometric attributes that stage. For this, using two hybrid (N901 and H9553) conducted an experiment in a agricultural greenhouse, in randomized complete block and in factorial arrangement with four replications. The treatments are composed of fourteen nutrient solutions as follows : full/control and the solutions with omitting isolated nutrients (-N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S, -B, -Cu, -Fe, -Mn, -Mo, -Zn) and only deionized water. Held sowing in trays with substrates for later transplanting for phenolic foam. Daily treatments to be applied and/or deionized water solutions. For 30 days of experiment was realized the analysis and records the evolution of nutritional deficiency symptoms. The results showed that the omission of isolated nutrient committed to quality seedlings, leading to morphological changes. The first symptoms developed on seedlings grown under omission, N and deionized water, Fe and Ca, respectively. The dry mass decreased in all treatments, except in the absence of B, with the following order of reduction: deionized water = N > Ca > K = P = S = Fe > Mg = Mn = Mo > Complete = Cu = Zn > B. These results are different from those found in the literature of adult plants. There was not interaction between the solutions and the hybrids, however the H9553 was more sensitive to nutritional deficiencies. / O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e descrever os sintomas visuais em mudas de tomate para processamento industrial, decorrentes da carência de macro e micronutrientes e determinar atributos biométricos nessa fase. Para isso, utilizando dois híbridos (N901 e H9553) foi conduzido um experimento em estufa agrícola, em blocos casualizados e arranjo fatorial com quatro repetições e quatorze soluções nutritivas configurando os tratamentos: completa/controle e as soluções com omissão isolada dos nutrientes (-N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S, -B, -Cu, -Fe, -Mn, -Mo, -Zn) e somente água deionizada. Realizou-se o semeio em bandejas com substratos para posterior transplantio para espuma fenólica. Diariamente aplicavam-se soluções tratamentos e/ou água deionizada. Durante 30 dias foram realizadas analises descritivas e registros da evolução dos sintomas de deficiência nutricional. Os resultados mostraram que a omissão isolada dos nutrientes comprometeu a qualidade das mudas, levando a alterações morfológicas. Os primeiros sintomas se manifestaram em plântulas cultivadas com omissão de N e água deionizada, Fe e Ca, nessa ordem. A fitomassa seca mostrou uma redução em todos os tratamentos, exceto sob ausência de B, apresentando a seguinte ordem de redução: água deionizada=N > Ca > P = K = S = Fe > Mg = Mn = Mo > Completa = Cu = Zn > B. Estes resultados diferem dos encontrados na literatura para plantas adultas. Não houve interação entre soluções e híbridos, porem o H9553, mostrou-se mais sensível às deficiências nutricionais.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T13:17:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thiago Oliveira Sousa - 2013.pdf: 4463328 bytes, checksum: 03d91fb269558a16eeecddbb64754454 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T14:52:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thiago Oliveira Sousa - 2013.pdf: 4463328 bytes, checksum: 03d91fb269558a16eeecddbb64754454 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T14:52:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thiago Oliveira Sousa - 2013.pdf: 4463328 bytes, checksum: 03d91fb269558a16eeecddbb64754454 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the application of the digital subtraction technique in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and compare it with digital subtraction radiography of the same regions. Methods: Digital periapical radiographic and CBCT examinations were performed giving standardized images from 16 alveolar sockets of a dry mandible. Bone substitute was added within 4 alveolar sockets in different concentrations, new acquisitions were obtained and the final images subtracted from the baseline. Mineral density loss was brought about in the remaining 12 alveolar sockets by using 70% perchloric acid and the acquisition were performed at 4 different times (0h, 2h, 4h and 24h). Pixel values were attained from both induced mineral changes and involved gain and loss. Results: A gradual increase in pixel values (over 128) was observed in mineral gain induction. Bone loss was set by the mean and standard deviation of the pixel values and a gradual decrease (below 128) was shown in both periapical and CBCT examinations and throughout the follow up acquisitions. Conclusions: The results indicate that CBCT images, which provide a three-dimensional follow up during bone repair, can be used in the subtraction technique / Introdução: O reparo ósseo (RO) ocorre constantemente na Odontologia e pode ser monitorado pela subtração digital radiográfica (SDR), que é um recurso que permite captar mínimas variações de perda ou ganho de densidade mineral. Uma das limitações da SDR é o fato de utilizar imagens bidimensionais e não ter sido ainda utilizada com exames seccionais com quantificação de valores de pixel no RO. Objetivo: Investigar a possibilidade da aplicação da subtração digital radiográfica em imagens tomográficas seccionais de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) e compará-las com radiografias periapicais digitais de regiões equivalentes. Metodologia: Imagens periapicais digitais e por TCFC foram obtidas de uma mandíbula macerada de forma padronizada. No processo alveolar foram induzidos ganho de densidade mineral com a adição de osso liofilizado bovino em 4 alvéolos realizado a SDR em 2 tempos. Já a perda de densidade mineral com a aplicação de ácido perclórico a 70% em 12 alvéolos e submetidos a SDR em 4 tempos, sendo para ambas as analises as imagens do primeiro tempo consideradas imagens de referência e as demais imagens consideradas imagens de acompanhamento, das quais foram obtidos os valores de pixel. Resultados: Na indução de ganho de densidade mineral, foi observada uma gradação crescente nos valores de pixel acima de 128 nas SDR. A perda de densidade mineral foi estabelecida pela média dos valores de pixel e desvio padrão abaixo de 128 e foi evidenciado o decréscimo dos valores de pixel para todas as imagens de acompanhamento. Os valores médios de pixel das regiões para cada subtração mostrou um decréscimo ao longo das subtrações para todas as modalidades de exame periapicais e TCFC. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a SDR pode ser utilizada em imagens de TCFC, permitindo a visualização de perda ou ganho mineral tridimensionalmente.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor um modelo envolvendo subtração digital de imagens obtidas a diferentes níveis de energia do feixe de raios X, para possibilitar a detecção de lesões malignas da mama que, no modo tradicional de realização do exame, seriam totalmente camufladas quando superpostas por tecido de absorção semelhante. A pesquisa tem aplicação mais direcionada às avaliações de imagens referentes aos casos de mamas densas, que apresentam tradicionalmente baixo contraste em função da presença maior de tecido fibroglandular de alta densidade. Para possibilitar essa investigação, a pesquisa trabalha com a geração de imagens através de simulação computacional dos principais tecidos mamários envolvidos adiposo, fibroglandular e o próprio carcinoma. Por esse procedimento, é possível observar o comportamento das variações de níveis de cinza nas imagens mamográficas a partir dos coeficientes de absorção daqueles tecidos, considerados com diferentes espessuras e submetidos a diferentes valores de energia, dentro da faixa típica utilizada no exame mamográfico. Foi considerada para referência do procedimento uma mama comprimida totalizando 4,5 cm de espessura total. Os resultados apontaram basicamente que: (a) se o carcinoma tiver espessura menor que 0,8 cm, aparentemente, com exposição na faixa de 14 a 17 keV e com pequena variação de energia na aquisição da segunda imagem sua visualização é totalmente comprometida quando camuflado por tecido fibroso; (b) se o carcinoma tiver espessura maior que 0,4 cm, possivelmente será detectado, mesmo que camuflado por tecido fibroso, com exposição na faixa de 19 a 25 keV; (c) para carcinomas camuflados, de espessura entre 0,4 e 2,0 cm, considerando diferença maior de energias na aquisição das imagens, a realização do procedimento proposto permitirá destacá-los na imagem resultante da subtração digital entre imagens produzidas por exposições de 14 a 22 keV, representando, portanto, uma nova ferramenta metodológica para possibilitar e identificar lesões malignas que não seriam detectadas no exame típico, sobretudo em casos de mamas densas. / This work intends to propose a model involving subtraction of digital images obtained at different levels of energy in the X-ray beam, to permit the detection of malign lesions of the breast that in the traditional way of performing the examination, would be completely hidden when overlapped by tissue of similar absorption. The research has more directed application to the evaluations of referring images to the cases of dense breasts that traditionally present low contrast in function of the tissue presence biggest to fibrousglandular of high density. In order to make possible this investigation, the research works with the generation of images by computational simulation of main involved mammary tissues - adipose, fibrousglandular and the proper carcinoma. For this procedure, it is possible to observe the behavior of the variations of gray levels in the mammographic images from the coefficients of absorption of those tissues, considered with different thicknesses and submitted to different values of energy, inside of the used typical band in the mammographic examination. A compressed breast was considered for reference of the procedure totalizing 4,5 cm of total thickness. The results had pointed basically that: (a) if the carcinoma will have lesser thickness that 0,8 cm, apparently, with exposition in the band of 14 to 17 keV and with small variation of the energy in the second image acquisition, its visualization is quite damaged when masked for fibrous tissue; (b) if the carcinoma will have bigger thickness that 0,4 cm, will possibly be detected, even masked for fibrous tissue, with exposition in the band of 19 to 25 keV; (c) for masked carcinomas, with thickness between 0,4 and 2,0 cm, considering larger difference of energies in the acquisition of the images, the accomplishment of the proposed procedure will allow to highlight them in the resultant image of the digital subtraction among images produced by expositions of 14 to 22 keV, representing, therefore, a new methodological tool to make possible and identify malign lesions that would not be detected in the typical examination, especially in cases of dense breasts.

Les implants cochléaires sont des appareils destinés à la réhabilitationdes surdités profondes et totales. Ils assurent la stimulation du nerf auditif en plaçant des électrodes dans la cochlée. Différentes études ont été établis afin d’améliorer l’intelligibilité de la parole dans le bruit chez le patientporteur de cet appareil. Les techniques bilatérales et binaurales permettent dereproduire une audition binaurale, car les deux oreilles sont simulées (commepour les personnes normo-entendantes). Ainsi la localisation et la perceptiondes sons environnants sont améliorées par rapport à une implantationmonaurale. Toutefois, les capacit´es de reconnaissances des mots sont trèsvite limitées en pr´esence de bruits. Nous avons d´evelopp´es des techniquesde r´eduction de bruit afin d’augmenter les performances de reconnaissance.Des améliorations de 10% à 15% suivant les conditions ont été observées. Néanmoins, si la perception est améliorée par les algorithmes, ils focalisent sur une direction, et ainsi, la localisation est alors réduite à l’angle delocalisation. Une seconde étude a alors été effectuée pour mesurer l’effetdes algorithmes sur la localisation. Ainsi, le beamformer donne les meilleurs résultats de compréhension mais la moins bonne localisation. La ré-injectiond’un pourcentage du signal d’entrée sur la sortie a permis de compenser laperte de la localisation sans détériorer l’intelligibilité. Le résultat de ces deux expériences montre qu’il faut un compromis entre laperception et la localisation des sons pour obtenir les meilleures performances. / Cochlear implants are to sail for the rehabilitation of deep and totaldeafness. They provide stimulation of the auditory nerve by placing electrodesin the cochlea. Various studies have been established to improve thespeech intelligibility in noise in the patient of this device. Bilateral andbinaural techniques allow reproducing a binaural hearing, since both earsare simulated (as for normal hearing people). Thus localization and theperception of the surrounding sounds are improved from a monauralimplantation. However, the recognition of the words capabilities are limitedvery quickly in the presence of noise.We developed noise reduction techniquesto increase the performance of recognition. Improvements of 10% to 15%depending on the conditions were observed. Nevertheless, if the perception isenhanced by algorithms, they focus on a direction, and thus the location isthen reduced at the corner of localization. Then, a second study was madeto measure the effect of localization algorithms. Thus, the beamformer givesthe best results of understanding but the less good location. The re-injectionof a percentage of the input to the output signal helped offset the loss of thelocation without damaging the intelligibility.The result of these two experiments shows that it takes a compromisebetween perception and sound localization for best performance.

This thesis dissert on traffic monitoring. There are couple of different methods of background extraction and four methods vehicle detection described here. Furthermore there is one method that describes vehicle counting. All of these methods was realized in Matlab where was created graphical user interface. One whole chapter is dedicated to process of practical realization. All methods are compared by set of testing videos. These videos are resulting in statistics which diagnoses about efficiency of single one method.

Läromedel har en styrande roll i många matematikklassrum vilket innebär att läromedel påverkar vilka uppgifter som elever erbjuds i undervisningen. Men vad är det som erbjuds i läromedel? Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur uppgifter i svenska läromedel för årskurs 1 behandlar tals additiva del-helhetsrelationer. Teorin om handlingserbjudanden och begrepp från variationsteorin har använts i syfte att utifrån ett funktionellt perspektiv undersöka vad som erbjuds i läromedel. Studien genomfördes genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys och en kvalitativ dataanalys av fem läromedelsserier. Den kvantitativa analysen visar förekomsten av uppgifter som behandlar tals additiva del-helhetsrelationer. Den visar också att elever erbjuds olika representationsformer samt att växla mellan dessa. Språk, symbol och bild är de som erbjuds i störst utsträckning medan konkret modell endast erbjuds i ett fåtal uppgifter. Vidare visar den kvalitativa analysen skillnader i hur uppgifter är utformade för att synliggöra tals additiva del-helhetsrelationer. Uppgifternas form erbjuder elever skillnader i struktur, systematik samt i vilket utsträckning de olika sätt på vilket ett tal kan delas upp synliggörs. För att undervisningen ska främja elevers förståelse för tal och relationen mellan tal behöver läraren vara medveten om de möjligheter som läromedel erbjuder samt eventuella begränsningar. Detta för att kunna rikta elevers uppmärksamhet mot det som avses att läras. / Mathematics textbooks have a governing role in many mathematics classrooms which means that textbooks affect the tasks that learners are afforded in teaching. But what is afforded in these textbooks? The aim of the study was to investigate how Swedish textbooks for first grade treats additive part-whole relations of numbers. The theory of affordances and concepts from the variation theory has been used for the purpose, that based on a functional perspective to investigate what is afforded in textbooks. The study was conducted through a quantitative content analysis and a qualitative data analysis of five series of textbooks. The quantitative analysis shows the existence of tasks that treat additive part-whole relations of numbers. It also shows that learners are afforded different forms of representations and to switch between them. Language, symbol and image are afforded to the greatest extent while concrete model is only afforded in a few tasks. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis shows differences in how tasks are designed to make the additive part-whole relations of numbers visible. In the design of tasks, learners are afforded differences in structure, systematics and the extent to which the different ways in which a number can be divided are made visible. To promote learners´ understanding of additive part-whole relations of numbers, the teacher needs to be aware of the opportunities that textbooks can afford, as well as limitations. This is to be able to draw the learners´ attention to what is intended to be learned.

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Das Thema dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer Background Subtraction und deren Verwendung in einer Gestürzten-Personen-Erkennung im Kontext eines Roboter Nachtwächters in einer Pflegeeinrichtung. Dazu wird der aktuelle technische Stand bei der Background Subtraction betrachtet. Im Anschluss daran wird basierend auf der Recherche und den Rahmenbedingungen die durch das Einsatzszenario gegeben sind ein Ansatz gewählt und umgesetzt. / The topic of this thesis is the development of a background subtraction and its use in a fallen person detection in the context of a robot night watchman in a care facility. For this purpose, the current technical status of background subtraction is considered. Subsequently, an approach is selected and implemented based on the research and the conditions given by the application scenario.

Detecting a malicious hacker intruding on a network system can be difficult. This challenge is made even more complex by the network activity generated by normal users and by the fact that it is impossible to know the hacker’s exact actions. Instead, the defender of the network system has to infer the hacker’s actions by statistics collected by the intrusion detection system, IDS. This thesis investigates the performance of hidden Markov models, HMM, to detect an intrusion automatically under different background activities generated by normal users. Furthermore, background subtraction techniques with inspiration from computer vision are investigated to see if normal users’ activity can be filtered out to improve the performance of the HMMs.The results suggest that the performance of HMMs are not sensitive to the type of background activity but rather to the number of normal users present. Furthermore, background subtraction enhances the performance of HMMs slightly. However, further investigations into how background subtraction performs when there are many normal users must be done before any definitive conclusions. / Det kan vara svårt att upptäcka en hackare som gör intrång i ett nätverkssystem. Utmaningen blir ännu större genom nätverksaktiviteten som genereras av vanliga användare och av det faktum att det är omöjligt att veta hackarens exakta handlingar. Istället måste nätverkssystemets försvarare använda insamlad data från intrångsdetekteringssystemet, IDS, för att estimera hackarens handlingar. Detta arbete undersöker förmågan hos dolda Markovmodeller, HMM, att automatiskt upptäcka dataintrång under olika typer av bakgrundsaktiviteter som genereras av normala användare. Dessutom undersöks bakgrundssubtraktionstekniker med inspiration från datorseende för att se om normala användares aktivitet kan filtreras bort för att förbättra prestanda hos HMM. Resultaten tyder på att prestandan för HMM inte är känsliga för typen av bakgrundsaktivitet utan snarare för antalet närvarande normala användare. Dessutom förbättrar bakgrundssubtraktion prestandan hos HMM. Det krävs dock mer forskning för att dra definitiva slutsatser kring vilken effekt bakgrundssubstitution har när antalet normala användare är stort.