<p>In this paper the authors are focusing on people that work in psychiatric acute care. How do they identify the individual that is in most need of acute care? How do they judge in this kind of cases? <strong></strong></p><p>   The foundation in this study is in the qualitative method. The material to this study has been collected by doing qualitative interviews with six people in different professions and positions in psychiatric acute care.</p><p>   The material that we collected from these six qualitative interviews has been analysed with help from Sherif’s and Hovland’s (1961) Social judgement theory. The theory describes people’s judgement based on certain criterions and how it affects them. </p><p>   It has been noticed that the individuals who asses first acute care are usually the ones that has a suicidal behavior. The resources are decreasing while the need for psychiatric acute care is increasing. The personell have to make decisions about which individual that are in most need of acute care<strong>. </strong>Their judgments are very important for the indiviuals in need of immediate care. This judgement can be depending on which individual who is doing the judgemet. This paper has given us comprehension for the immortance of good individual properties for doing judgements, and that they are made in several positions.</p>

Objectif. L’enquête Santé mentale en Population Générale a été réalisée, en 2003, par le centre collaborateur de l’OMS (CCOMS-Lille) en partenariat avec l’hôpital psychiatrique Mahfoud Boucebci (EHS-Alger). Les données portant sur le risque suicidaire sont exploitées dans le présent travail. Son objectif principal est d’étudier la relation entre le trouble de stress post-traumatique et le risque suicidaire. Méthode. Huit cent quatre-vingt-dix-neuf sujets vivant en Algérie (n=899) ont participé à cette enquête. Le Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) a été utilisé afin de recueillir des données relatives aux troubles mentaux. Résultats. 61 % de la population (n=548) a été exposée à des événements potentiellement « traumatisants ». La prévalence du PTSD est estimée à 13,5 % (n=121) dans l’échantillon global. 13,6 % des sujets (n=122) présentent un risque suicidaire. Aucune relation directe entre le PTSD et le risque suicidaire n’a été observée. Toutefois, le PTSD augmente significativement le risque suicidaire chez les non-pratiquants (OR=5.81 ; IC [1.948-17.328] ; p=0.001) en comparaison avec les sujets pratiquants. Le risque suicidaire est 10 fois plus élevé chez les sujets pratiquants souffrant de problème d’alcool (OR =10.26 ; IC [3.133-33.609] ; p<=0.0001). Conclusion. Cette première étude en population générale souligne la prévalence relativement élevée du risque suicidaire et de PTSD. La pratique religieuse est un élément protecteur contre les conduites suicidaires. Les résultats qui en découlent pourraient être exploités dans le but de fonder une démarche de prévention du risque suicidaire. / Objective. The Mental Health Survey on General Population was conducted in 2003 by the WHO collaborating centres in Lille (WHOCC-Lille) in partnership with the Mahfoud Boucebci psychiatric hospital (EHS-Alger). Data regarding suicidal risk are exploited in the present study. The main objective aims at studying the relationship between post traumatic stress disorder and suicidal risk.Method. Eight hundred ninety-nine subjects living in Algeria (n=899) took part in this survey. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to collect data related to mental disorders and suicidal behaviors. Results. 61% of the population (n=548) were exposed to « traumatic » events. PTSD prevalence is estimated to be 13.5% (n = 121) in the overall sample. 13.6% of the subjects (n = 122) present a suicidal risk. There is no direct relationship between PTSD and suicidal risk.However, PTSD significantly increases the suicidal risk in non-practising subjects (OR = 5.81, CI [1.948-17.328], p = 0.001) compared to practising subjects. Suicidal risk is 10 times higher in practising subjects suffering from alcohol problems (OR = 10.26, IC [3.133-33.609], p <= 0.0001). Conclusion. This first study in the general population highlights the relatively high prevalence of suicidal risk and PTSD. Religious practice is a protective element against suicidal behavior. These results could be exploited so that a preventive approach to suicidal risk can be put in place.

Au niveau mondial, la mort par suicide occupe fréquemment la deuxième ou troisième place des causes de décès chez les adolescents (AIPS, 2009). Afin de prévenir le suicide chez les jeunes, une meilleure compréhension des facteurs associés s’avère donc nécessaire. La présente étude avait pour but d’identifier les facteurs de protection d’adolescents atteints d’un trouble de l’humeur et présentant un risque suicidaire. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire relatant les habitudes de vie et facteurs psychosociaux a été analysé. Le risque suicidaire a été évalué à partir de la version adaptée pour adolescents du SAD PERSONS Scale (Juhnke, 1994). L’échantillon de l’étude comprenait 101 jeunes de 12 à 17 ans atteints d’un trouble de l’humeur et présentant un risque suicidaire. Des analyses descriptives, des tests de t, des analyses de variance, des corrélations et des régressions ont été utilisées afin de vérifier la relation entre le risque suicidaire et les facteurs de protection. Il ressort que, pour les adolescents de l’étude, être satisfait du soutien reçu, avoir un bon soutien affectif parental, avoir plusieurs sources de lecture par semaine, souper plusieurs fois avec sa famille par semaine, ne pas fumer de cigarette, ne pas avoir beaucoup d’amis qui fument la cigarette, ne pas consommer d’alcool, ne pas consommer de drogue ainsi que de ne pas mélanger la consommation d’alcool et de drogue peuvent tous agir, individuellement, comme facteurs de protection du suicide chez des adolescents atteints d’un trouble de l’humeur et présentant un risque suicidaire. Par ailleurs, les analyses effectuées ne révèlent aucune relation significative entre les habitudes scolaires, l’activité physique, les habitudes de sommeil, l’estime de soi et le risque suicidaire des adolescents de l’étude. Enfin, miser sur les facteurs de protection du suicide identifiés par la présente étude constitue une nouvelle piste intéressante pour les infirmières et des recommandations pour la recherche et la pratique infirmière sont suggérées. / Adolescent suicide often represents the second or third leading cause of death for this age group throughout the world (AIPS, 2009). In order to prevent adolescent suicide, a better understanding of the factors associated with suicidal risk is necessary. The aim of this study was to identify the protective factors of adolescents with mood disorders and suicidal risk. Life habits and psychosocial factors were evaluated by an auto-administrated questionnaire. The adapted version of the SAD PERSONS Scale (Patterson, Dohn, Bird & al, 1983) for children and adolescents (Juhnke, 1994) was used to evaluate the suicidal risk. The sample of this study included 101 teenagers, aged between 12 and 17 years old, who had a mood disorder and a suicidal risk. Descriptive analysis, T-tests, variance analysis (ANOVA), correlation analysis and multiple regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between the suicidal risk (dependant variable) and the life habits and psychosocial factors (independent variables). The results indicate that, for 12 to 17 year olds, being satisfied with the support received, having good parental support, having many different sources of reading, eating supper with their family frequently, not smoking cigarettes, not having many friends who smoke cigarettes, not drinking, not doing drugs and not drinking and doing drugs simultaneously can all act as individual protective factors for suicidal risk. On the other hand, the results of this study do not show any statistically significant relations between school habits, physical activity, sleep habits, self-esteem and suicidal risk for teenagers with mood disorders. Finally, examining protective factors seems to be useful in helping teens with mood disorders and suicidal risk. The results of this study encourage nurses to include protective factors in their evaluation of suicidal adolescents and interventions. Research and clinical recommendations are therefore suggested.

本研究研究目的希望瞭解家庭因素與自殺危險性之間的關係是否為透過負向特質為中介變項的間接影響路徑，抑或是直接影響與間接影響路徑俱備。依據過去的研究，取自尊與問題解決能力為個體負向特質向度，以及與自尊、問題解決能力有關的家庭因素：家庭僵化、父母管教態度（嚴格，高期望、過度保護）與溝通為家庭因素的向度，以自殺危險性為探討的依變項，進行線性結構關係模式分析（LISREL）。 本研究以台北市信義區某國中一、二年級共411位男女學生為研究對象，有效樣本中一年級學生有190位，二年級學生221位，男生212人，女生199人，依研究變項選取已編製好且符合的量表為測量工具：包括父母管教態度量表、親子關係量表、親子溝通量表組合成「家庭分量表（一）（二）」，家庭適應與凝聚力量表為「家庭特性分量表」，自尊量表為「自我特質分量表（一）」，問題解決量表為「自我特質分量表（二）」，自殺危險程度量表為「生命興趣探索量表」。資料收集後以LISREL7為統計工具進行分析。 本研究的結果顯示家庭因素對自殺危險性而言，包括了直接影響與透過負向特質的間接影響，且家庭因素對自殺危險性的解釋力與預測力比負向特質大，顯示直接影響的效果比間接影響的效果要來得大。 此外，研究結果亦顯示將家庭因素不同向度獨立出來成為獨立的變項，來探討其與負向特質、自殺危險性之間的關係，可以得到對自殺危險性而言較好的解釋模式。顯示不同家庭因素的向度對自殺危險性有不同的影響方式，其中家庭僵化透過負向特質對自殺危險性有間接影響的效果，而父母管教態度的嚴格與高期待，對自殺危險性有直接的影響力。進一步探討父親與母親不同的管教態度與溝通對於青少年自殺危險性之間的關係為何，結果顯示父親過度保護透過負向特質，間接影響個體自殺危險性，而母親嚴格與期待的管教態度對個體而言，可以直接影響自殺危險性，也可透過負向特質間接影響自殺危險性。 / The purpose of this study was to detect the relationships of family factors, negative traits and suicidal risk and if the negative traits were the mediators between family factors and suicidal risk. This study predicted family factors indirectly affect suicidal risk. If not, the family factors would have both direct and indirect influences on suicidal risk. According to the previous researches, researcher took the family rigidity and child-rearing attitudes as the family factors, and the self-esteem and problem solving skills as the negative traits. The dependent variable was suicidal risk. The study applied the Linear Structure Relation（LISREL）to test its fitness. The 411 subjects were the junior high school students in Hsin-I area in Taipei City, including 212 boys and 199 girls. The measuring instruments were the Child-Rearing Attitudes Scale, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Personal Problem-Solving Scale, and the Suicidal Risk Scale. The data was analyzed by LISREL 7. The results revealed that the family factors affected suicidal risk both directly and indirectly. In terms of suicidal risk, the family factors were more predictive than negative traits. Besides, the present study also found that it would be a better model if taking the different dimensions of family factors as individual variables. And the different variables affected suicidal risk in different ways. The family rigidity indirectly affected suicidal risk through negative trait, and the sternness and high expectation attitudes of parents directly affected suicidal risk. Moreover there were differences between paternal and maternal child-rearing attitudes that affected suicidal risk. Paternal overprotection indirectly affected suicidal risk through negative trait. The sternness and high expectation of maternal attitudes affected suicidal risk both directly and indirectly.

Au niveau mondial, la mort par suicide occupe fréquemment la deuxième ou troisième place des causes de décès chez les adolescents (AIPS, 2009). Afin de prévenir le suicide chez les jeunes, une meilleure compréhension des facteurs associés s’avère donc nécessaire. La présente étude avait pour but d’identifier les facteurs de protection d’adolescents atteints d’un trouble de l’humeur et présentant un risque suicidaire. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire relatant les habitudes de vie et facteurs psychosociaux a été analysé. Le risque suicidaire a été évalué à partir de la version adaptée pour adolescents du SAD PERSONS Scale (Juhnke, 1994). L’échantillon de l’étude comprenait 101 jeunes de 12 à 17 ans atteints d’un trouble de l’humeur et présentant un risque suicidaire. Des analyses descriptives, des tests de t, des analyses de variance, des corrélations et des régressions ont été utilisées afin de vérifier la relation entre le risque suicidaire et les facteurs de protection. Il ressort que, pour les adolescents de l’étude, être satisfait du soutien reçu, avoir un bon soutien affectif parental, avoir plusieurs sources de lecture par semaine, souper plusieurs fois avec sa famille par semaine, ne pas fumer de cigarette, ne pas avoir beaucoup d’amis qui fument la cigarette, ne pas consommer d’alcool, ne pas consommer de drogue ainsi que de ne pas mélanger la consommation d’alcool et de drogue peuvent tous agir, individuellement, comme facteurs de protection du suicide chez des adolescents atteints d’un trouble de l’humeur et présentant un risque suicidaire. Par ailleurs, les analyses effectuées ne révèlent aucune relation significative entre les habitudes scolaires, l’activité physique, les habitudes de sommeil, l’estime de soi et le risque suicidaire des adolescents de l’étude. Enfin, miser sur les facteurs de protection du suicide identifiés par la présente étude constitue une nouvelle piste intéressante pour les infirmières et des recommandations pour la recherche et la pratique infirmière sont suggérées. / Adolescent suicide often represents the second or third leading cause of death for this age group throughout the world (AIPS, 2009). In order to prevent adolescent suicide, a better understanding of the factors associated with suicidal risk is necessary. The aim of this study was to identify the protective factors of adolescents with mood disorders and suicidal risk. Life habits and psychosocial factors were evaluated by an auto-administrated questionnaire. The adapted version of the SAD PERSONS Scale (Patterson, Dohn, Bird & al, 1983) for children and adolescents (Juhnke, 1994) was used to evaluate the suicidal risk. The sample of this study included 101 teenagers, aged between 12 and 17 years old, who had a mood disorder and a suicidal risk. Descriptive analysis, T-tests, variance analysis (ANOVA), correlation analysis and multiple regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between the suicidal risk (dependant variable) and the life habits and psychosocial factors (independent variables). The results indicate that, for 12 to 17 year olds, being satisfied with the support received, having good parental support, having many different sources of reading, eating supper with their family frequently, not smoking cigarettes, not having many friends who smoke cigarettes, not drinking, not doing drugs and not drinking and doing drugs simultaneously can all act as individual protective factors for suicidal risk. On the other hand, the results of this study do not show any statistically significant relations between school habits, physical activity, sleep habits, self-esteem and suicidal risk for teenagers with mood disorders. Finally, examining protective factors seems to be useful in helping teens with mood disorders and suicidal risk. The results of this study encourage nurses to include protective factors in their evaluation of suicidal adolescents and interventions. Research and clinical recommendations are therefore suggested.

Объектом исследования явились психологические особенности несовершеннолетних 14-18 лет с признаками криминальной зараженности. Предметом исследования стали корреляционные связи феномена «криминальная зараженность» и психологические особенности несовершеннолетних осужденных в учреждениях ФСИН. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (73 источника) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 105 страниц, на которых размещены 12 рисунков и 1 таблица. В введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме психологических особенностей несовершеннолетних с признаками криминальной зараженности. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию показателей структурных составляющих криминальной зараженности как психологического феномена, психологические особенности несовершеннолетних осужденных в учреждениях ФСИН и особенности личности несовершеннолетних подверженных криминальной зараженности. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: методика «Опросник криминальной зараженности несовершеннолетних (ОКЗН)» А.М. Рябков, Р.Р. Муслумов, Е.С. Степанова (далее – ОКЗН); Методика «Опросник исследования уровня агрессивности» А. Басс, А. Дарки; Методика «Опросник суицидального риска» в модификации Т.Н. Разуваевой; Методика «Смысложизненные ориентации» Д.А. Леонтьев; Методика «Акцентуации характера и темперамента личности» Г. Шмишек, К. Леонгард. Также в главе представлен корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was the psychological characteristics of minors aged 14-18 with signs of criminal infection. The subject of the study was the correlation between the phenomenon of "criminal infection" and the psychological characteristics of juvenile convicts in institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (73 sources) and an appendix, which includes forms of the methods used. The volume of the master's thesis is 105 pages, on which 12 figures and 1 table are placed. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problem, sets the purpose and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates hypotheses, specifies methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of psychological characteristics of minors with signs of criminal infection. The sections devoted to the study of indicators of structural components of criminal infection as a psychological phenomenon, psychological characteristics of minors convicted in institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service and personality characteristics of minors exposed to criminal infection are presented. The conclusions of the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It provides a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the methodology "Questionnaire of criminal infection of minors (OKZN)" A.M. Ryabkov, R.R. Muslumov, E.S. Stepanova (hereinafter – OKZN); The methodology "Questionnaire of the study of the level of aggressiveness" A. Bass, A. Darki;todika "Questionnaire of suicidal risk" modified by T.N. Razuvaeva; Methodology "Life orientations" D.A. Leontiev; Methodology "Character and temperament of personality" G. Shmishek, K. Leonhard. The chapter also presents a correlation analysis of the results of the study. The conclusions of Chapter 2 include the main results of an empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of this problem are described.

Clients diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) interact with healthcare professionals in compelling ways. By virtue of the symptoms that define BPD, it is likely that the client will challenge the therapist with regards to their theoretical approach or therapeutic style. In addition, clients with BPD are likely to project their need for a therapeutic interaction that is both genuine, empathic and at the same time, flexible. In light of this, it is not uncommon for healthcare practitioners to consider clients with BPD as “difficult” in some way or the other. This study explores how clinical psychologists in Gauteng conceptualise and manage a “difficult” client presenting with Borderline Personality Disorder. Further, coping strategies of the clinician will also be explored. The qualitative study, couched in a social constructionist paradigm, involved interviewing seven clinical psychologists practicing in Gauteng, South Africa. The transcripts of the semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed. The findings of the current study indicated that the difficulties experienced are reflective of the general criteria of the disorder. The picture of the difficult client is painted by personal experience, as well as stereotypes gained from interactions with colleagues and other healthcare professionals. It was further found that management of these patients were viewed and implemented based on the nature of the disorder. In addition, management by the clinician often included supervision and leisure activities. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)