In this work we study twisted sums induced by complex interpolation, of Banach spaces as well as of operator spaces. In the first part of the thesis we focus on Banach spaces, and clarify how interpolation of families, as of couples, induces an extension of the interpolation space, called the derived space. We study how the types and cotypes of the spaces being interpolated determine the triviality or singularity of the derived space, and we apply the results to the study of submodules of the Schatten classes and in the obtainment of nontrivial twisted sums in which all of the three spaces in the short exact sequence do not have the approximation property. In the second part we develop the theory of twisted sums in the category of operator spaces and present many examples of twisted sums which are completely singular and completely nontrivial. In particular, we solve two versions of Palais\' problem for operator spaces. / Neste trabalho estudamos somas torcidas induzidas por interpolação complexa, tanto de espaços de Banach como de espaços de operadores. Na primeira parte da tese focamos em espaços de Banach, e esclarecemos como a interpolação de famílias, assim como a de pares, gera uma extensão do espaço interpolado, chamada de espaço derivado. Estudamos como os tipos e cotipos dos espaços sendo interpolados influenciam na trivialidade ou singularidade do espaço derivado, e aplicamos os resultados para o estudo de submódulos das classes de Schatten e para a obtenção de somas torcidas não-triviais em que os três espaços da sequência exata curta não possuem a propriedade da aproximação. Na segunda parte, desenvolvemos a teoria de somas torcidas na categoria de espaços de operadores, e apresentamos vários exemplos de somas torcidas completamente singulares e completamente não-triviais nessa categoria. Em particular, resolvemos duas versões do problema de Palais para espaços de operadores.

by Wai Ho Mow. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-124). / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Spread Spectrum Technique --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Pulse Compression Radars --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Spread Spectrum Multiple Access Systems --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Definitions and Notations --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of this Thesis --- p.12 / Chapter 2 --- Lower Bounds on Correlation of Sequences --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Welch's Lower Bounds and Sarwate's Generalization --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- A New Construction and Bounds on Odd Correlation --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3 --- Known Sequence Sets Touching the Correlation Bounds --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Remarks on Other Bounds --- p.27 / Chapter 3 --- Perfect Polyphase Sequences: A Unified Approach --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- Generalized Bent Functions and Perfect Polyphase Sequences --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- The General Construction of Chung and Kumar --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3 --- Classification of Known Constructions ...........； --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4 --- A Unified Construction --- p.39 / Chapter 3.5 --- Desired Properties of Sequences --- p.41 / Chapter 3.6 --- Proof of the Main Theorem --- p.45 / Chapter 3.7 --- Counting the Number of Perfect Polyphase Sequences --- p.49 / Chapter 3.8 --- Results of Exhaustive Searches --- p.53 / Chapter 3.9 --- A New Conjecture and Its Implications --- p.55 / Chapter 3.10 --- Sets of Perfect Polyphase Sequences --- p.58 / Chapter 4 --- Aperiodic Autocorrelation of Generalized P3/P4 Codes --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1 --- Some Famous Polyphase Pulse Compression Codes --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2 --- Generalized P3/P4 Codes --- p.65 / Chapter 4.3 --- Asymptotic Peak-to-Side-Peak Ratio --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4 --- Lower Bounds on Peak-to-Side-Peak Ratio --- p.67 / Chapter 4.5 --- Even-Odd Transformation and Phase Alphabet --- p.70 / Chapter 5 --- Upper Bounds on Partial Exponential Sums --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1 --- Gauss-like Exponential Sums --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Background --- p.79 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Symmetry of gL(m) and hL(m) --- p.80 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Characterization on the First Quarter of gL(m) --- p.83 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Characterization on the First Quarter of hL(m) --- p.90 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Bounds on the Diameters of GL(m) and HL(m) --- p.94 / Chapter 5.2 --- More General Exponential Sums --- p.98 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- A Result of van der Corput --- p.99 / Chapter 6 --- McEliece's Open Problem on Minimax Aperiodic Correlation --- p.102 / Chapter 6.1 --- Statement of the Problem --- p.102 / Chapter 6.2 --- A Set of Two Sequences --- p.105 / Chapter 6.3 --- A Set of K Sequences --- p.110 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.113 / Bibliography --- p.124

In this work we study twisted sums induced by complex interpolation, of Banach spaces as well as of operator spaces. In the first part of the thesis we focus on Banach spaces, and clarify how interpolation of families, as of couples, induces an extension of the interpolation space, called the derived space. We study how the types and cotypes of the spaces being interpolated determine the triviality or singularity of the derived space, and we apply the results to the study of submodules of the Schatten classes and in the obtainment of nontrivial twisted sums in which all of the three spaces in the short exact sequence do not have the approximation property. In the second part we develop the theory of twisted sums in the category of operator spaces and present many examples of twisted sums which are completely singular and completely nontrivial. In particular, we solve two versions of Palais\' problem for operator spaces. / Neste trabalho estudamos somas torcidas induzidas por interpolação complexa, tanto de espaços de Banach como de espaços de operadores. Na primeira parte da tese focamos em espaços de Banach, e esclarecemos como a interpolação de famílias, assim como a de pares, gera uma extensão do espaço interpolado, chamada de espaço derivado. Estudamos como os tipos e cotipos dos espaços sendo interpolados influenciam na trivialidade ou singularidade do espaço derivado, e aplicamos os resultados para o estudo de submódulos das classes de Schatten e para a obtenção de somas torcidas não-triviais em que os três espaços da sequência exata curta não possuem a propriedade da aproximação. Na segunda parte, desenvolvemos a teoria de somas torcidas na categoria de espaços de operadores, e apresentamos vários exemplos de somas torcidas completamente singulares e completamente não-triviais nessa categoria. Em particular, resolvemos duas versões do problema de Palais para espaços de operadores.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-23T11:48:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Uender Barbosa de Souza - 2015.pdf: 1080400 bytes, checksum: b157d208d7fefbd962ec5263785ee984 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-23T11:50:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Uender Barbosa de Souza - 2015.pdf: 1080400 bytes, checksum: b157d208d7fefbd962ec5263785ee984 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-23T11:50:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Uender Barbosa de Souza - 2015.pdf: 1080400 bytes, checksum: b157d208d7fefbd962ec5263785ee984 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper presents methods to calculate some in nite sums and use the Fourier series of function f(x) = x2p with p 2 N to get results on the behavior of Zeta(2p) function Riemann, including their sum and rational multiplicity of 2p. / Neste trabalho apresentamos métodos para o cálculo de algumas somas in nitas e usamos a série de Fourier da função f(x) = x2p com p 2 N para obter resultados sobre o comportamento da função Zeta(2p) de Riemann, tais como sua soma e sua multiplicidade racional por 2p.

Using Fermat’s Little Theorem, it can be shown that Σmi=1 i m−1 ≡ −1 (mod m) if m is prime. It has been conjectured that the converse is true as well. Namely, that Σmi=1 i m−1 ≡ −1 (mod m) only if m is prime. We shall present some necessary and sufficient conditions for the conjecture to hold, and we will demonstrate that no counterexample exists for m ≤ 1012 .

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as highly diverse and powerful key players in the cell, the range of capabilities spanning from catalyzing essential processes in all living organisms, e.g. protein synthesis, to being highly specific regulators of gene expression. To fully understand the functional significance of ncRNAs, it is of critical importance to identify and characterize the repertoire of ncRNAs in the cell. Practically every genome-wide screen to identify ncRNAs has revealed large numbers of expressed ncRNAs and often identified species-specific ncRNA families of unknown function. Recent years' advancement in high-throughput sequencing techniques necessitates efficient and reliable methods for computational identification and annotation of genes. A major aim in the work underlying this thesis has been to develop and use computational tools for the identification and characterization of ncRNA genes. We used computational approaches in combination with experimental methods to study the ncRNA repertoire of the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum. We report ncRNA genes belonging to well-characterized gene families as well as previously unknown and potentially species-specific ncRNA families. The complicated task of de novo ncRNA gene prediction was successfully addressed by developing a method for nucleotide composition-based gene prediction using maximal-scoring partial sums and considering overlapping dinucleotides. We also report a substantial heterogeneity among human spliceosomal snRNAs. Northern blot analysis and cDNA cloning, as well as bioinformatical analysis of publicly available microarray data, revealed a large number of expressed snRNAs. In particular, U1 snRNA variants with several nucleotide substitutions that could potentially have dramatic effects on splice site recognition were identified. In conclusion, we have by using computational approaches combined with experimental analysis identified a rich and diverse ncRNA repertoire in the eukaryotes D. discoideum and Homo sapiens. The surprising diversity among the snRNAs in H. sapiens suggests a functional involvement in recognition of non-canonical introns and regulation of messenger RNA splicing.

The ring of polynomials over a finite field has many arithmetic properties similar to those of the ring of rational integers. In this thesis, we apply the Hardy-Littlewood circle method to investigate the density of rational points on certain algebraic varieties in function fields. The aim is to establish asymptotic relations that are relatively robust to changes in the characteristic of the base finite field. More notably, in the case when the characteristic is "small", the results are sharper than their integer analogues.

To prove that a polynomial is nonnegative on Rn, one can try to show that it is a sum of squares of polynomials (SOS). The latter problem is now known to be reducible to a semi-definite programming (SDP) computation that is much faster than classical algebraic methods, thus enabling new speed-ups in algebraic optimization. However, exactly how often nonnegative polynomials are in fact sums of squares of polynomials remains an open problem. Blekherman was recently able to show that for degree k polynomials in n variables with k = 4 fixed those that are SOS occupy a vanishingly small fraction of those that are nonnegative on Rn, as n -> 1. With an eye toward the case of small n, we refine Blekherman'[s bounds by incorporating the underlying Newton polytope, simultaneously sharpening some of his older bounds along the way. Our refined asymptotics show that certain Newton polytopes may lead to families of polynomials where efficient SDP can still be used for most inputs.

The ring of polynomials over a finite field has many arithmetic properties similar to those of the ring of rational integers. In this thesis, we apply the Hardy-Littlewood circle method to investigate the density of rational points on certain algebraic varieties in function fields. The aim is to establish asymptotic relations that are relatively robust to changes in the characteristic of the base finite field. More notably, in the case when the characteristic is "small", the results are sharper than their integer analogues.

The self-power map is the function from the set of natural numbers to itself which sends the number $n$ to $n^n$. Motivated by applications to cryptography, we consider the image of this map modulo a prime $p$. We study the question of how large $x$ must be so that $n^n \equiv a \bmod p$ has a solution with $1 \le n \le x$, for every residue class $a$ modulo $p$. While $n^n \bmod p$ is not uniformly distributed, it does appear to behave in certain ways as a random function. We give a heuristic argument to show that the expected $x$ is approximately ${p^2\log \phi(p-1)/\phi(p-1)}$, using the coupon collector problem as a model. Rigorously, we prove the bound $x <p^{2-\alpha}$ for sufficiently large $p$ and a fixed constant $\alpha > 0$ independent of $p$, using a counting argument and exponential sum bounds. Additionally, we prove nontrivial bounds on the number of solutions of $n^n \equiv a \bmod p$ for a fixed residue class $a$ when $1 \le n \le x$, extending the known bounds when $1 \le n \le p-1$.