Magistro baigiamajame darbe bus išanalizuota ir įvertinta maisto papildų reklamos atitikimas teisės aktų reikalavimams, iškeltos maisto papildų ženklinimo, tvirtinimo vartoti, vartojimo kėblumai visuomenėje bei pateikti siūlymai, kaip šias problemas spręsti. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje bus nagrinėjami maisto papildų reklamos bei kiti teisinei aktai. Antrojoje dalyje bus vykdomi tyrimai norint išsiaiškint realia maisto papildų reklamos situaciją Lietuvoje, bei to poveikio įtaką visuomenei. Trečiojoje dalyje bus nagrinėjamas atliktas tyrimas, kuriuo norima išsiaiškinti ar maisto papildų reklama atitinka visus Lietuvos Respublikos teisinius aktus. / Master's thesis will be analyzed and evaluated food supplements advertising compliance with legislative requirements, bringing food supplement labeling approval for use, consumption in the complexities of society and to provide suggestions on how to address these issues. The first part will be considered food supplements advertising and other legal acts. The second part will be carried out tests in order to check on the actual food supplements advertising situation in Lithuania, as well as the impact of societal impact. The third part will be examined in the study, which is necessary to clarify or supplements advertising complies with all the legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania.

The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of Swedish female millennials attitudes towards sports supplements. As well as how packaging design influences their willingness to purchase within this product category. Based on this, two main research questions were formulated: (1) What are millennial women's attitudes towards sports supplements? And (2) How does packaging design influence female millennials willingness to purchase sports supplements?  In order to answer these questions, a qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 26 Swedish millennial females. The empirical findings from these interviews were then transcribed and analyzed in relation to the theories found in the literature review. The conclusions of this thesis shows that female millennials have positive attitudes towards sports supplements, however it was found that a positive attitude is not sufficient to generate a purchase. Additionally, it was concluded that packaging design influences this population greatly. Although the researched population were not aware of how much they in fact were influenced and a conflict between conscious influence and unconscious influence was identified.

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Recent research suggests that adding protein (PRO) to a carbohydrate (CHO) supplement can have substantial benefits for endurance exercise performance and recovery beyond that of CHO alone. CHO+PRO supplements are often commercially available formulations consisting of carbohydrates (dextrose, maltodextrin) and whey protein. The effects of a supplement containing moderate protein and a low-CHO mixture on endurance performance has not been investigated. Also, the effects of CHO+PRO supplementation in the form of a natural food, flavored milk, on measures of recovery from acute endurance exercise, as well as on chronic aerobic exercise training adaptations, have not been characterized. Therefore, in this series of four studies, the effects of CHO+PRO supplementation on the following areas of endurance exercise performance, recovery, and adaptation are investigated: acute endurance exercise performance, inflammatory and muscle damage markers, muscle glycogen resynthesis, activation of signaling proteins involved in the initiation of protein synthesis and degradation, subsequent endurance exercise performance, and chronic aerobic training adaptations (maximal oxygen consumption, oxidative enzyme activity, body composition, immune cell levels, and inflammatory markers). Study 1 demonstrated that a supplement containing a low-CHO mixture plus moderate protein significantly improved aerobic endurance when cycling at or below the ventilatory threshold, despite containing 50% less CHO and 30% fewer calories relative to a higher CHO beverage. Study 2 demonstrated that CHO+PRO supplementation in the form of chocolate milk (CM) is an effective post-exercise supplement that can improve subsequent performance and provide a greater intracellular signaling stimulus for protein synthesis compared to CHO and placebo. Study 3 found that post-exercise CM supplementation during 4.5 wks of aerobic exercise training improves the magnitude of cardiovascular adaptations more effectively than isocaloric CHO or placebo, while the fourth study demonstrated that post-exercise CM supplementation during 4.5 wks of aerobic training improves body composition more effectively than isocaloric CHO or placebo. The fourth study also demonstrated that 4.5 wks of training does not appear to perturb resting immune cell concentrations or markers of inflammation and muscle damage. Taken together, the results of this research series suggest that CHO+PRO supplementation extends endurance performance, improves recovery, and increases training adaptations more effectively than CHO or placebo. / text

In this essay we have chosen to research how health supplement companies market themselves and in different ways reach out to a vast majority of people with the help of one of the biggest social media channels, Instagram. It’s common nowadays that companies use social media as a fast, cheap and easy way to market their products to users. Either by promoting it on their own channel or by sponsorship, where they have popular people with a high amount of followers to encourage their viewers to buy their products. Instagram is rapidly growing and today have about 400 million active users every month and 40 % of all Swedish people that uses the Internet are a member of this application. Our research question is: “in which way do health supplement companies work with private individuals to communicate with their target group on Instagram and what is in the medium Instagram that makes it possible to use it for marketing and communication purposes?” By interviewing four individuals who are sponsored by different companies, two experts on the domain and by doing a netnographic observation that examines eight different Instagram accounts we were able to analyse and find the answer to our question. For health supplement companies to successfully communicate with their target group on Instagram it is important that they use the right person as an influencer. This is important to create high credibility towards the consumer. It’s also important that the influencer describes the product in an interesting way and that the person has a lot of knowledge about the product. We also conclude that the most important function that Instagram can offer is the ability to distribute images and influence other users.

Pre-workout(PWO) är idag ett välkänt fenomen som med ökat användande varje år. I denna studie testas preworkout-preparatet Rampage™ som är ett av Sveriges mest använda preparat. Det finns för få studier som testar preworkout-preparat i samband med muskulär uthållighet och vår hypotes är att det är där pre-workout har som störst effekt. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur Rampage™ påverkar muskulär uthållighet hos män i åldern 18 och uppåt. För att undersöka detta har ett experiment med dubbelblind crossover-design skapats, där 13 deltagare efter behandling av antingen placebo eller Rampage™, blivit utsatta för tre set knäböj, tre set armhävningar och tre set sit-ups var. Antalet repetitioner som utfördes användes sedan till statistisk analys och resultatet visade ingen signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna(p=0,858). Det finns några orsaker till varför det kan vara såhär och det finns anledning att fortsätta forska om det här specifikt. Vår hypotes att pre-workout påverkar muskulär uthållighet är fortfarande under prövning. / Pre-workout supplementation is today a well-known phenomenon ever increasing in popularity every year. In this study, we investigate Rampage™; a popular product in Sweden. There’s too few studies that investigate the link between pre-workout and strength training to failure and we believe that is where pre-workout is most effective. The aim of this study is to research Rampage’s™ effects on muscular endurance in male participants above the age group of 18. To do this a double-blind cross-over design has been applied to 13 participants who, unknowingly, either ingest a placebo or the actual pre-workout in order to do three sets of squats, three sets of push-ups and three sets of sit-ups. When they couldn’t perform one more repetition the set was concluded. The number of repetitions was later used for statistical analysis and we found no significance between the groups (p=0,858). There are some reasons this might be the case, and we believe this could be investigated further, although our hypothesis remains unproven.

The present study investigated whether vitamin E supplementation reduced oxidative stress in erythrocytes and improved vitamin E status in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Plasma and erythrocyte α-tocopherol, plasma ascorbic acid, and iron status were determined in 11 regular HD patients prior to and post-dialysis, before and during oral supplementation of vitamin E, 400 IU daily for two months. HD patients were categorized into two groups according to their plasma ascorbic acid levels. We found that only the vitamin C sufficient group (>40 μM, Group I) had reliable measurements of erythrocyte α-tocopherol concentrations before vitamin E supplementation. In Group I prior to dialysis, erythrocyte α-tocopherol concentrations increased in response to vitamin E supplementation from 6.7 ± 0.7 μmol/L packed cells to 9.8 ± 0.6 (μmol/L packed cells (p<0.04). Moreover, there was a positive correlation (p<O.001) between plasma and erythrocyte α-tocopherol levels in Group I subjects. Additionally, vitamin E supplementation significantly increased hematocrits (39.9% ± 1.9% to 42.3% ±1.6%, p<0.004) post-dialysis only in Group I subjects. On the contrary, there was no change in hematocrits during vitamin E supplementation in the vitamin C deficient group (<40 μM, Group II). With respect to measures of iron status and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) dose, no differences between before and during vitamin E supplementation were observed in two groups ofpatients. In summary, our data suggest that oral vitamin E supplementation protected erythrocytes from oxidative stress and improved vitamin E status in HD patients, but only in patients with adequate vitamin C status. / Graduation date: 2003

DIPLOMA THESIS: Safety of selected dietary supplements with regard to the content of food additives SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACY DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ, CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE AUTHOR: Jana Tížková SUPERVISOR: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. INTRODUCTION: Usage of dietary supplements is increasing each year. But with this trend there are also concerns about their possible damaging influence, mostly due to present food additives. I have decided to map safety of dietary supplements from food additives point of view, because of spare information about their potential harmfulness. OBJECTIVE: Goal of this work is to evaluate safety of bestselling immune system support according to food additives that they contain and analysis of most commonly occurring harmful additives influence on human health. METHODOLOGY: List of bestselling dietary supplements was gathered from one of pharmaceutical chain brand. Data came from diverse list of dietary supplements, from which I have chosen those with supporting effect on immune system. They contain mostly substances gathered from Echinacea plants, specifically Echinacea angustifolia, pallida, purpurea, mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, also those containing Probiotics, Royal jelly and mixture of oligosaccharides, nucleotides and...

Effectiveness and safety of selected dietary supplements Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Student: Kateřina Smolíková Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Introduction: The market for dietary supplements in recent years has seen a noticeable upswing and supplements become for some people part of their daily lives, which could mean potential risks. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and risks of selected dietary supplements containing Vaccinium macrocarpon, Serenoa repens, Cimicifuga racemosa, Glycine max and Silybum marianum. At the same time, the aim of this work was to evaluate the safety of selected supplements from the point of view of content of additives, check undesirable effects of harmful additives and compare them with the identified undesirable effects of medicinal plants. Methods: Efficacy and safety were assessed on the basis of scientific studies. It has been rated 5 best-selling groups of food supplements in 2011. The list of 100 best-selling nutritional supplements in the Czech Republic were given to us by one pharmacy chain. From the most selling supplements was made a list of the most frequently occurring substances content which was sent to the Ministry of Health with a request to add...

Safety of the selected food supplements in terms of the presence of additives Additives are commonly present not only in food, but also in food supplements. Safety of these substances remains a question. The aim of the theses is to evaluate the safety of the best selling supplements in the Czech Republic in the year 2011 from the viewpoint of additives and constituents. Given the scale of researched products, I focused on products strengthening the cardiovascular system containing omega 3 fatty acids , garlic, coenzyme Q 10 and lecithin. As a source of information about the content and the presence of additives, the data from the Ministry of Health and the Information System decision of the Chief Hygienist (IS RoHy) were used. The safety evaluation of additives was carried out on the basis of the available methodology for consumers. Information about adverse effects of additives and content substances were searched using information databases Martindale , Reprotox, AltMedDex, Drugdex, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), IPCS INCHEM, PubMed independent commission database JECFA Joint FAO / WHO Expert committee on Food additives. Descriptive statistics was used. Of the large number of products (97), 5 products were classified as safe and 92 as products harmful to...